Name: the plant infection test: spray and wound-mediated inoculation with the plant pathogen magnaporthe grisea
Uploaded: 2018-08-04T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af den særlige videnskabelige forskningsprojekt af Beijing landbrug Universitet (YQ201603) og den videnskabelige projekt af Beijing pædagogiske udvalg (KM201610020005).

1. spray podning med en Suspension af M. grisea konidier
<ol><li>
Svampe kultur for M.grisea
	<ol>
<li>Forberede havregryn tomat agar (OTA) kultur medium for svampe stammer.</li>
		<li>Vejer 30-50 g havregryn, Tilføj dette til 800 mL destilleret/deioniseret vand (ddH2O) og kog blandingen i 30 min i den elektriske pot.</li>
		<li>Filtrer kogt havregryn juice i bægerglas igennem et stykke gaze.</li>
		<li>Tilføj 150 mL af tomatsaft og 20 g agar til filtratet i bægerglasse...

<ol>
	<li>Li, W. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+natural+allele+of+a+transcription+factor+in+rice+confers+broad-spectrum+blast+resistance.">A natural allele of a transcription factor in rice confers broad-spectrum blast resistance.</a> Cell. 170 (1), 114-126 (2017).</li><li>Chi, M. H., Park, S. Y., Kim, S., Lee, Y. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+pathogenicity+gene+is+required+in+the+rice+blast+fungus+to+suppress+the+basal+defenses+of+the+host.">A novel pathogenicity gene is required in the rice blast fungus to suppress the basal defenses of the host.</a> PLoS Pathogens. 5 (4), 1000401 (2009).</li><li>Jia, Y., Valent, B., Lee, F. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+host+responses+to+Magnaporthe+grisea.on+detached+rice+leaves+using+a+spot+inoculation+method.">Determination of host responses to Magnaporthe grisea.on detached rice leaves using a spot inoculation method.</a> Plant Disease. 87 (2), 129-133 (2003).</li><li>Ebbole, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnaporthe+as+a+model+for+understanding+host-pathogen+interactions.">Magnaporthe as a model for understanding host-pathogen interactions.</a> Annual Review of Phytopathology. 45, 437-456 (2007).</li><li>Hamer, J. E., Talbot, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Infection-related+development+in+the+rice+blast+fungus+Magnaporthe+grisea.">Infection-related development in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe grisea.</a> Current Opinion in Microbiology. 1 (6), 693-697 (1998).</li><li>Howard, R. J., Valent, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breaking+and+entering:+host+penetration+by+the+fungal+rice+blast+pathogen+Magnaporthe+grisea.">Breaking and entering: host penetration by the fungal rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea.</a> Annual Review of Microbiology. 50, 491-512 (1996).</li><li>Chen, X. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-Glycosylation+of+Effector+Proteins+by+an+&#945;-1,3-+Mannosyltransferase+Is+Required+for+the+Rice+Blast+Fungus+to+Evade+Host+Innate+Immunity.">N-Glycosylation of Effector Proteins by an &#945;-1,3- Mannosyltransferase Is Required for the Rice Blast Fungus to Evade Host Innate Immunity.</a> The Plant Cell. 26 (3), 1360-1376 (2014).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=M.ARG1,+MoARG5,6+and+MoARG7+involved+in+arginine+biosynthesis+are+essential+for+growth,+conidiogenesis,+sexual+reproduction,+and+pathogenicity+in+Magnaporthe+oryzae.">M.ARG1, MoARG5,6 and MoARG7 involved in arginine biosynthesis are essential for growth, conidiogenesis, sexual reproduction, and pathogenicity in Magnaporthe oryzae.</a> Microbiological Research. 180, 11-22 (2015).</li><li>Du, Y. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+serine/threonine-protein+phosphatase+PP2A+catalytic+subunit+is+essential+for+asexual+development+and+plant+infection+in+Magnaporthe+oryzae.">A serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP2A catalytic subunit is essential for asexual development and plant infection in Magnaporthe oryzae.</a> Current Genetics. 59 (1-2), 33-41 (2013).</li><li>Yang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+protein+com1+is+required+for+normal+conidium+morphology+and+full+virulence+in+Magnaporthe+oryzae.">A novel protein com1 is required for normal conidium morphology and full virulence in Magnaporthe oryzae.</a> Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 23 (1), 112-123 (2010).</li><li>Cao, Z. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+ash1-like+protein+MoKMT2H+null+mutant+is+delayed+for+conidium+germination+and+pathogenesis+in+Magnaporthe+oryzae.">An ash1-like protein MoKMT2H null mutant is delayed for conidium germination and pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae.</a> BioMed Research International. 2016, 1575430 (2016).</li><li>Bryan, G. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single+amino+acid+difference+distinguishes+resistant+and+susceptible+alleles+of+the+rice+blast+resistance+gene+Pi-ta.">A single amino acid difference distinguishes resistant and susceptible alleles of the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta.</a> The Plant Cell. 12 (11), 2033-2045 (2000).</li><li>Zhou, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+pathology:+a+life+and+death+struggle+in+rice+blast+disease.">Plant pathology: a life and death struggle in rice blast disease.</a> Current Biology. 26 (18), 843-845 (2016).</li><li>Guo, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MoGrr1,+a+novel+F-box+protein,+is+involved+in+conidiogenesis+and+cell+wall+integrity+and+is+critical+for+the+full+virulence+of+Magnaporthe+oryzae.">MoGrr1, a novel F-box protein, is involved in conidiogenesis and cell wall integrity and is critical for the full virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae.</a> Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 99 (19), 8075-8088 (2015).</li><li>Talbot, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+trail+of+a+cereal+killer:+Exploring+the+biology+of+Magnaporthe+grisea.">On the trail of a cereal killer: Exploring the biology of Magnaporthe grisea.</a> Annual Review of Microbiology. 57, 177-202 (2009).</li><li>Wilson, R. A., Talbot, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Under+pressure:+investigating+the+biology+of+plant+infection+by+Magnaporthe+oryzae.">Under pressure: investigating the biology of plant infection by Magnaporthe oryzae.</a> Nature Reviews Microbiology. 7, 185-195 (2009).</li><li>Jia, Y. L., Lee, F. N., McClung, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+Resistance+Spectra+of+the+Pi-ta+and+Pi-k+Genes+to+U.S.+Races+of+Magnaporthe+oryzae+Causing+Rice+Blast+in+a+Recombinant+Inbred+Line+Population.">Determination of Resistance Spectra of the Pi-ta and Pi-k Genes to U.S. Races of Magnaporthe oryzae Causing Rice Blast in a Recombinant Inbred Line Population.</a> Plant Disease. 93, 639-644 (2009).</li><li>Peng, Y. L., Shishiyama, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Temporal+sequence+of+cytological+events+in+rice+leaves+infected+with+Pyricularia+oryzae.">Temporal sequence of cytological events in rice leaves infected with Pyricularia oryzae.</a> Canadian Journal of Botany. 66 (4), 730-735 (1988).</li></ol>

Plante sygdom resistensgener spiller en vigtig rolle i forebyggelsen af infektioner af patogener, herunder svampe patogener1,12. Ris blast er blevet brugt som en model til at forstå arten af patogenet befolkning strukturer og identificere plante resistens gener4. Det er derfor nødvendigt at undersøge sygdommen modstand genotype og avirulence genotyper af de vigtigste sorter af landbruget planter i stor skala at identificere sygdomsresis...

Ris blast, forårsaget af M. grisea, er en af de mest alvorlige sygdomme for ris sorter verdensomspændende1,2. Den proces, hvorved M. grisea inficerer værtsplanter omfatter en konidier produktion og overflade udlæg, en konidier spiring og appressorium dannelse, en formation af penetration pind og smitsomme hypha differentiering, og en sygdom spredes 3. alle disse faser er almindelige i mange andre plante patogene svampe, og faktisk en blokade af enhver enkelt fase forebygger infektion af værtsplanter. På grund af dens økonomiske betydning og genetiske sporbarhed fremstod M. grisea som en model organisme for at studere mekanismerne af plante-svampe patogen interaktioner1,4. Derfor, at studere det molekylære grundlag af disse udviklingsstadier i M. grisea vil bidrage til at belyse de molekylære mekanismer bag svampe patogenicitet og identifikation af kandidat target gener for screening og designe roman fungicider5.
De seneste rapporter om M. grisea infektion har fokuseret på de molekylære mekanismer før penetration faser, især conidiation, appressorium-dannelsen, penetration pløkker og smitsomme vækst3, 6. det er derfor vigtigt at udvikle en detaljeret protokol for at teste M. grisea infektion. Heri, præsenterer vi en detaljeret metode til en infektion test, der udnytter spray-medieret infektion assays med en conidial suspension og podning af sår med mycelial stik af M. grisea. I denne betænkning fokuserer protokollen på kultur af stammer, forberedelse af conidiation løsningen for sprøjtning, og den mycelial plug-medieret podning af planter med M. grisea. Disse trin beskrives i detaljer nedenfor, og en skematisk oversigt viser hele arbejdsgangen for metoden og en typisk læsion er vist i figur 1 og 2, henholdsvis.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="77">
			<td height="77" style="height:77px;width:216px;">&#160;Agar</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">AOBOX Biotechnology&#65288;China&#65289;</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">01-023</td>
			<td style="width:197px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;">Filter paper</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">GE Healthcare brand(Sweden)&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>10311387</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">50-mL tube</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">CORNING(Amercia)</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">430290</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Eppendorf(Amercia)</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">5804R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">Tween-20</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Coolaber&#65288;China&#65289;</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">CT11551-100ml</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="50">
			<td height="50" style="height:50px;width:216px;">Culture dish</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Thermofisher(Amercia)</td>
			<td>150326</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">0.5-5 mL pipette</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">&#160;4920000105</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">100-1000uL pipette</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>4920000083</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Vacuum pump</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Leybold</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">D25B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Dissection needle</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">FST</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">26000-35</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">MEMMERT</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">PYX313</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">Inoculation ring</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Greiner Bio One</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">731175</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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the plant infection test: spray and wound-mediated inoculation with the plant pathogen magnaporthe grisea

Planter have et kraftfuldt system for at forsvare sig mod potentielle trusler af patogene svampe. For landbrugsmæssigt vigtige planter, men aktuelle foranstaltninger til bekæmpelse af disse patogener har vist sig for konservativ, og således ikke tilstrækkeligt effektive, og de kan potentielt udgøre miljørisici. Derfor er det yderst nødvendigt at identificere vært-modstand faktorer at bistå i kontrollerende plantesygdomme naturligt gennem identifikation af resistente kimplasma, isolering og karakterisering af resistensgener og molekylær opdræt af resistente sorter. I denne forbindelse er der behov at etablere en præcis, hurtig og omfattende indpodningsmetode for at avle og udvikle plante resistensgener. Ris blast svampe patogen Magnaporthe grisea forårsager alvorlig sygdomssymptomer og give tab. M. grisea har for nylig dukket op som en model organisme for at studere mekanismerne af plante-svampe patogen interaktioner. Dermed, vi rapport udviklingen af et plant virulens testmetode, der er specifikke for M. grisea. Denne metode giver både spray podning med en conidial suspension og såret podning med mycelium kuber eller dråber af conidial suspension. De vigtigste trin i såret indpodningsmetode for fritliggende ris blade er at gøre sår på planten blade, som undgår forstyrrelser forårsaget af vært indtrængen modstand. Denne spray/såret protokol bidrager til hurtig, præcis og omfattende screening af kartoffelsorter af M. grisea isolater. Denne integrerede og systematisk plante infektion metode vil tjene som et fremragende udgangspunkt for at få et bredt perspektiv af spørgsmål i plantepatologi.

Hele arbejdsgangen for teknikken, der er vist i figur 1. Plante infektion assays blev udført på 14 dage gamle modtagelige risplanter (O. sativa cv CO-39) eller modtagelige 7 dage gamle Byg blade (H. vulgare cv Golden lover)7,8,9. For at teste for en infektion på ris blade, en conidial suspension (1,0 x 105 sporer/mL) af M. grisea</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea at JoVE.com

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

Plante infektion Test: Spray og sår-medieret podning med plante patogen Magnaporthe Grisea

Vi præsenterer her, en protokol for at teste anlægget virulens med plante-patogen Magnaporthe grisea. Denne betænkning vil bidrage til den omfattende screening af kartoffelsorter af svampe isolater og tjene som et fremragende udgangspunkt for at forstå de resistente mekanismer af planter under molekylære avl.

Plants possess a powerful system to defend themselves against potential threats by pathogenic fungi. For agriculturally important plants, however, current ...

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The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

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