Name: surgical labyrinthectomy of the rat to study the vestibular system
Uploaded: 2018-05-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Labyrinthectomy of the Rat to Study the Vestibular System at JoVE.com

Denne forskningen ble støttet av et stipend fra Korea helse teknologi R & D prosjektet gjennom den Korea helse industri Development Institute (KHIDI), finansiert av helse og velferd, Sør-Korea (gi nummer: HI15C2651).

Denne studien ble utført i henhold til institusjonelle Animal Care og bruk komiteen av Seoul National University Hospital (14-0148-C1A1), som er akkreditert av foreningen for vurdering og akkreditering av laboratoriet Animal Care International.
Merk: Forsøkene ble utført på Sprague-Dawley (SD) hannrotter 7-8 uker gamle (200/250 g). Hvert dyr ble akklimatisert laboratorium vilkårene for 1 uke før starten av eksperimentet. Dyrene ble plassert i temperatur og luftfuktighet-kontrollerte rom ...

<ol>
	<li>Curthoys, I. S., Halmagyi, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vestibular+compensation:+a+review+of+the+oculomotor,+neural,+and+clinical+consequences+of+unilateral+vestibular+loss.">Vestibular compensation: a review of the oculomotor, neural, and clinical consequences of unilateral vestibular loss.</a> Journal of Vestibular Research. 5 (2), 67-107 (1995).</li><li>Smith, P. F., Curthoys, I. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+of+recovery+following+unilateral+labyrinthectomy:+a+review.">Mechanisms of recovery following unilateral labyrinthectomy: a review.</a> Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews. 14 (2), 155-180 (1989).</li><li>Lacour, M., Helmchen, C., Vidal, P. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vestibular+compensation:+the+neuro-otologist's+best+friend.">Vestibular compensation: the neuro-otologist's best friend.</a> Journal of Neurology. 263, S54-S64 (2016).</li><li>Darlington, C. L., Smith, P. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+of+recovery+from+vestibular+damage+in+mammals:+recent+advances.">Molecular mechanisms of recovery from vestibular damage in mammals: recent advances.</a> Progress in Neurobiology. 62 (3), 313-325 (2000).</li><li>Shinder, M. E., Ramanathan, M., Kaufman, G. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Asymmetric+gene+expression+in+the+brain+during+acute+compensation+to+unilateral+vestibular+labyrinthectomy+in+the+Mongolian+gerbil.">Asymmetric gene expression in the brain during acute compensation to unilateral vestibular labyrinthectomy in the Mongolian gerbil.</a> Journal of Vestibular Research. 16 (4-5), 147-169 (2006).</li><li>Dutheil, S., Brezun, J. M., Leonard, J., Lacour, M., Tighilet, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurogenesis+and+astrogenesis+contribution+to+recovery+of+vestibular+functions+in+the+adult+cat+following+unilateral+vestibular+neurectomy:+cellular+and+behavioral+evidence.">Neurogenesis and astrogenesis contribution to recovery of vestibular functions in the adult cat following unilateral vestibular neurectomy: cellular and behavioral evidence.</a> Neuroscience. 164 (4), 1444-1456 (2009).</li><li>Gunther, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-acetyl-L-leucine+accelerates+vestibular+compensation+after+unilateral+labyrinthectomy+by+action+in+the+cerebellum+and+thalamus.">N-acetyl-L-leucine accelerates vestibular compensation after unilateral labyrinthectomy by action in the cerebellum and thalamus.</a> PLoS One. 10 (3), e0122015 (2015).</li><li>Pericat, D., Farina, A., Agavnian-Couquiaud, E., Chabbert, C., Tighilet, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Complete+and+irreversible+unilateral+vestibular+loss:+a+novel+rat+model+of+vestibular+pathology.">Complete and irreversible unilateral vestibular loss: a novel rat model of vestibular pathology.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 283, 83-91 (2017).</li><li>Cass, S. P., Goshgarian, H. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vestibular+compensation+after+labyrinthectomy+and+vestibular+neurectomy+in+cats.">Vestibular compensation after labyrinthectomy and vestibular neurectomy in cats.</a> Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 104 (1), 14-19 (1991).</li><li>Vignaux, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+the+chemical+model+of+vestibular+lesions+induced+by+arsanilate+in+rats.">Evaluation of the chemical model of vestibular lesions induced by arsanilate in rats.</a> Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 258 (1), 61-71 (2012).</li><li>Berryhill, W. E., Graham, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+and+physical+labyrinthectomy+for+Meniere's+disease.">Chemical and physical labyrinthectomy for Meniere's disease.</a> Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America. 35 (3), 675-682 (2002).</li><li>Morgenstern, C., Mori, N., Arnold, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+studies+on+the+effect+of+labyrinth+anesthesia.">Experimental studies on the effect of labyrinth anesthesia.</a> Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 237 (3), 255-261 (1983).</li><li>Nadasy, G. L., Raffai, G., Feher, E., Schaming, G., Monos, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simple+standard+technique+for+labyrinthectomy+in+the+rat:+a+methodical+communication+with+a+detailed+description+of+the+surgical+process.">A simple standard technique for labyrinthectomy in the rat: a methodical communication with a detailed description of the surgical process.</a> Physiology International. 103 (3), 354-360 (2016).</li><li>Hitier, M., Besnard, S., Vignaux, G., Denise, P., Moreau, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+ventrolateral+surgical+approach+to+labyrinthectomy+in+rats:+anatomical+description+and+clinical+consequences.">The ventrolateral surgical approach to labyrinthectomy in rats: anatomical description and clinical consequences.</a> Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy. 32 (9), 835-842 (2010).</li><li>Flourens, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Recherches experimentales sur les propri&#233;t&#233;s et les fonctions du syst&#232;me nerveux dans les animaux vert&#233;br&#233;s. , (1824).</li><li>T'Ang, Y., Wu, C. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+unilateral+labyrinthectomy+in+the+albino+rat.">The effects of unilateral labyrinthectomy in the albino rat.</a> Chinese Journal of Physiology. 10, 571-598 (1936).</li><li>Chang, M. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNAs+218a-5p,+219a-5p,+and+221-3p+regulate+vestibular+compensation.">MicroRNAs 218a-5p, 219a-5p, and 221-3p regulate vestibular compensation.</a> Scientific Reports. 7 (1), 8701 (2017).</li><li>Bergquist, F., Ludwig, M., Dutia, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+the+commissural+inhibitory+system+in+vestibular+compensation+in+the+rat.">Role of the commissural inhibitory system in vestibular compensation in the rat.</a> The Journal of Physiology. 586 (18), 4441-4452 (2008).</li><li>Cameron, S. A., Dutia, M. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+basis+of+vestibular+compensation:+changes+in+intrinsic+excitability+of+MVN+neurones.">Cellular basis of vestibular compensation: changes in intrinsic excitability of MVN neurones.</a> NeuroReport. 8 (11), 2595-2599 (1997).</li><li>Park, M. K., Lee, B. D., Lee, J. D., Jung, H. H., Chae, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+profiles+during+vestibular+compensation+in+rats+after+unilateral+labyrinthectomy.">Gene profiles during vestibular compensation in rats after unilateral labyrinthectomy.</a> Annals of Otology, Rhinology &amp; Laryngology. 121 (11), 761-769 (2012).</li><li>Yamamoto, H., Tominaga, M., Sone, M., Nakashima, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Contribution+of+stapedial+artery+to+blood+flow+in+the+cochlea+and+its+surrounding+bone.">Contribution of stapedial artery to blood flow in the cochlea and its surrounding bone.</a> Hearing Research. 186 (1-2), 69-74 (2003).</li><li>Potegal, M., Abraham, L., Gilman, S., Copack, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technique+for+vestibular+neurotomy+in+the+rat.">Technique for vestibular neurotomy in the rat.</a> Physiology &amp; Behavior. 14 (2), 217-221 (1975).</li><li>Tung, V. W., Burton, T. J., Dababneh, E., Quail, S. L., Camp, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Behavioral+assessment+of+the+aging+mouse+vestibular+system.">Behavioral assessment of the aging mouse vestibular system.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (89), e51605 (2014).</li><li>de Jeu, M., De Zeeuw, C. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Video-oculography+in+mice.">Video-oculography in mice.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. 65 (65), e3971 (2012).</li></ol>

Denne teknikken er en nyttig metode for oppretting av plutselige, permanent og fullstendige vestibular funksjonen tap. Dette kan brukes til å studere vestibular patologi, som vestibular nevritt, en akustisk svulst og Meniere's sykdom. Mange studier har brukt denne teknikken for å studere neuronal plastisitet av vestibular kjerner eller relaterte sentrale prosess5,17,18,19.
<p class="jove_...

Vestibular orgelet er avgjørende for balanse og øye. En normal vestibular funksjon, avhenger av symmetrisk afferente signaler fra vestibulærsystemet organene i to indre ører. Vestibular hypofunction eller tap induserer svimmelhet, nystagmus og postural ubalanse. Etter akutt skade gjenoppretter funksjonen vestibular spontant i flere dager, en prosess som kalles vestibular kompensasjon1,2. Vestibular kompensasjon av statisk underskudd er en prosess av frisk knyttet til ubalanse spontan hvile aktivitet mellom ipsilateral og kontralateral vestibular kjerner. Vestibular kompensasjon av dynamisk underskudd oppnås hovedsakelig via sensorisk og atferdsmessige erstatninger (med visuelle eller somatosensory innganger)3. Disse prosessene er attraktive for neuronal plastisitet studier4,5.
En rekke metoder har blitt utviklet for å studere vestibulærsystemet og mekanismene som underbygger neuronal plastisitet under vestibular kompensasjon, som kirurgiske og kjemiske labyrinthectomy og vestibular neurectomy5,6 ,7,8. Vestibular neurectomy er en bestemt måte å indusere fullstendig vestibular tap, men det er en vanskeligere og invasiv prosedyre og kan indusere hjerneskade8,9. Denne metoden krever større kirurgiske ferdigheter og tar mer tid enn labyrinthectomy. Kjemiske labyrinthectomy inkludert gentamycin, arsanilate og tetracaine, er enklere og kan gi pålitelige resultater10,11,12. Men sneglehuset kan også være skadet og vestibular tap kan utvikle seg over tid11. I tillegg er effekter av kjemikalier på hjernen, som bør bevares for nøyaktig vurdering, uklart. Kirurgisk labyrinthectomy ble først introdusert i dyrestudier i 184215 og ble først rapportert i rotte i 193616. Denne teknikken har blitt brukt i mange dyr studier5,17,18,19. Kirurgisk labyrinthectomy er en spesifikk, pålitelige og relativt enkle. 13 , 14 videre symptomene på vestibular skade sett umiddelbart etter operasjonen. Her beskriver vi våre kirurgisk teknikk for rotten labyrinthectomy.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ASPIRATOR KB-012</td>
			<td>KOH BONG &#38; CO., LTD.</td>
			<td>KB-012</td>
			<td>Medical aspirator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blade: #15</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#10015-00</td>
			<td>Blades for #7 Scalpel Handles, #15</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbon Steel Burrs</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#19007-05</td>
			<td>shaft diameter: 2.3 mm, length: 44 mm, package of 10 burrs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carl Zeiss Surgical GmbH</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td>#6627100863</td>
			<td>Surgical microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #3c</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#11231-20</td>
			<td>Standard tip 0.17 x 0.10 mm, 11 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5SF</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#11252-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #7B</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#11270-20</td>
			<td>Serrated 0.17 x 0.10 mm, 11 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extra Fine Bonn: straight</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#14084-08</td>
			<td>Iris scissors, best suited for microdissection under high magnification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Iris Scissors: straight</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#14094-11</td>
			<td>Made from martensitic stainless steel, combined with molybdenum and vanadium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Finger Loop Ear Punch</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#24212-01</td>
			<td>1 mm. Provides stability and control for researchers using the numbering system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hartman</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#13002-10</td>
			<td>Tip width: 1 cm, serrated, 10 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Short Scalpel Handle #7 Solid</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#10003-12</td>
			<td>#7 short, 12 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small Vessel Cauterizer</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#18000-03</td>
			<td>Replacement tip, straight knife, keeps bleeding to a minimum and therefore provides a surgical field clear of clamps and hemostats</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Strong 207S</td>
			<td>SAESHIN</td>
			<td>207S</td>
			<td>Powerful torque at low speed, available with speed or on/off foot controller</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Suction Tubes</td>
			<td>JEUNGDO B&#38;P CO., LTD.</td>
			<td>H-1927-8</td>
			<td>Frazier, 18 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VICRYL</td>
			<td>ETHICON</td>
			<td>W9570T</td>
			<td>Synthetic absorbable sterile surgical suture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Weitlaner-Locktite</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>#17012-13</td>
			<td>Maximum spread: 4.5 cm, 2 x 3 blunt teeth, 11 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zoletil</td>
			<td>Virbac, France</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Tiletamine-zolazepam</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rompun</td>
			<td>Bayer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Xylazine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rimadyl</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Carprofen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Septra</td>
			<td>Pfizer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Trimethoprim-sulfonamide&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

surgical labyrinthectomy of the rat to study the vestibular system

For å studere vestibulærsystemet eller vestibular kompensasjonsprosessen, har en rekke metoder blitt utviklet for å skade vestibular, inkludert kirurgiske eller kjemiske labyrinthectomy og vestibular neurectomy. Kirurgisk labyrinthectomy er en relativt enkel, pålitelig og rask metode. Her beskriver vi den kirurgiske teknikken for rotten labyrinthectomy. Et postauricular snitt er gjort under narkose å avsløre den ytre auditiv kanalen, og trommehinnen, hvoretter trommehinnen og ossicles fjernes uten stigbøylen. Stigbøylen arterien, som ligger mellom stigbøylen og det ovale vinduet, er en sårbar struktur og må bevares for å få et klart kirurgisk felt. Hull til fenestrate vestibylen er laget med en 2.1 mm drill bur overlegen stigbøylen. Deretter er 100% etanol injisert gjennom dette hullet og pustende flere ganger. Grundig disseksjon under et mikroskop og nøye blødning kontroll er avgjørende for å få pålitelige resultater. Symptomer av vestibular tap, som nystagmus, hodet vippe og en bølgende bevegelse, blir sett umiddelbart etter operasjonen. Rotarod eller rotasjonen chair testen kan brukes å objektivt og kvantitativt evaluere funksjonen vestibulærsystemet.

Suksessen til operasjonen ble validert av atferdsmessige tester. Alle dyr utstilt vanlig av ensidig tap av vestibular funksjon. Spontan fat-rulle var tydelig umiddelbart etter kirurgi, fremkalt av en luft puff over hodet eller en lett berøring til kroppen i tidlig restitusjonsfasen (Video 1). 3 d etter operasjonen, dyrene flyttet rundt lener seg mot den lesioned siden med sporadiske faller til venstre. Spontan nystagmus ble observert i 2 d (Video 2). Vak...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Labyrinthectomy of the Rat to Study the Vestibular System at JoVE.com

Surgical Labyrinthectomy of the Rat to Study the Vestibular System

Denne protokollen beskriver den kirurgiske labyrinthectomy av rotte, som er en nyttig metode for å studere vestibulærsystemet.

Kirurgisk Labyrinthectomy av rotte å studere vestibulærsystemet

To study the vestibular system or the vestibular compensation process, a number of methods have been developed to cause vestibular damage, including ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Orthotopic Aortic Transplantation: A Rat Model to Study the Development of Chronic Vasculopathy

Research models of chronic rejection are essential to investigate pathobiological and pathophysiological processes during the development of transplant ...

An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth

An In Vitro System to Study Tumor Dormancy and the Switch to Metastatic Growth

Recurrence of breast cancer often follows a long latent period in which there are no signs of cancer, and metastases may not become clinically apparent ...

Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System

Utnytte Transkraniell magnetisk stimulering for å studere menneskelige nevromuskulære systemet

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been in use for more than 20 years 1, and has grown exponentially in popularity over the past decade.  While ...

Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies

Bruk av Animal Model of Sepsis å evaluere Novel urteterapi

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several ...

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function

Bruke Saccadometry med dyp hjernestimulering for å studere normal og patologisk hjernefunksjon

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including ...

Using Retinal Imaging to Study Dementia

Bruk av Retinal Imaging demens

The retina offers a unique &#8220;window&#8221; to study pathophysiological processes of dementia in the brain, as it is an extension of the central ...

A Rat Lung Transplantation Model of Warm Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: Optimizations to Improve Outcomes

En rottelungetransplantasjonsmodell av varm iskemi / reperfusjonsskade: optimaliseringer for å forbedre resultatene

From our experience with rat lung transplantation, we have found several areas for improvement. Information in the existing literature regarding methods ...

Employing the Forced Oscillation Technique for the Assessment of Respiratory Mechanics in Adults

Bruke tvungen oscillasjonsteknikk for vurdering av åndedrettsmekanikk hos voksne

There is increasing interest in the use of the forced oscillation technique (FOT) or oscillometry to characterize respiratory mechanics in healthy and ...

Standardized Tuina Protocol for Rat DRG Compression Model

Analgesic Effect of Tuina on Rat Models with Compression of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Pain

Analgesic Effect of Tuina on Rat Models with Compression of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Pain (Video) | JoVE 

Analgetisk effekt av tunina på rottemodeller med kompresjon av dorsalrotganglionsmerter

Neuropathic pain is a prevalent condition that affects 6.9%-10% of the population and results from nerve damage due to various etiologies, such as lumbar ...

In Vivo Heart Transplantation to Study Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

A Neonatal Heterotopic Rat Heart Transplantation Model for the Study of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition

A Neonatal Heterotopic Rat Heart Transplantation Model for the Study of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (Video) | JoVE 

Endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE), defined by subendocardial tissue accumulation, has major impacts on the development of the left ventricle (LV) and ...