Name: the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the chemical bath deposition of bis(thiourea) cadmium chloride crystals and the subsequent cds obtention
Uploaded: 2018-08-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bisthiourea Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention at JoVE.com

L.E. 和琼斯 Willars 罗德里格斯感谢 CONACYT 的奖学金。E.A. 查韦斯-Urbiola 感谢 CONACYT 为 "Catedras CONACYT" 计划。作者还承认阿维拉的技术援助, Landaverde, J.E. 乌尔维纳 Alvárez, Jiménez 涅托。

注意: 本议定书中使用的化学品具有毒性和致癌性;因此, 必须认真遵守安全建议和程序。佩戴适当的防护设备, 查阅相关材料安全数据表 (MSDS)。
1. 二 (硫脲) 氯化镉的合成
<ol><li>
前体溶液的制备
	<ol>
<li>将500毫升去离子水倒入1升烧杯中, 持续搅拌;添加0.3 毫升盐酸在36.5% 浓度, 确保溶液的 pH 值尽可能接近 3, 使用 ph 计。 注意: 为了避免任何健康影响, 强烈建议在?...

<ol>
	<li>Venkataramanan, V., Maheswaran, S., Sherwood, J. N., Bhat, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crystal+growth+and+physical+characterization+of+the+semiorganic+bis(thiourea)+cadmium+chloride.">Crystal growth and physical characterization of the semiorganic bis(thiourea) cadmium chloride.</a> Journal of Crystal Growth. 179 (3-4), 605-610 (1997).</li><li>Ushasree, P. M., Muralidharan, R., Jayavel, R., Ramasamy, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growth+of+bis(thiourea)+cadmium+chloride+single+crystals+a+potential+NLO+material+of+organometallic+complex.">Growth of bis(thiourea) cadmium chloride single crystals a potential NLO material of organometallic complex.</a> Journal of Crystal Growth. 218 (2-4), 365-371 (2000).</li><li>Ushasree, P. M., Jayavel, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growth+and+micromorphology+of+as-grown+and+etched+bis(thiourea)+cadmium+chloride+(BTCC)+single+crystals.">Growth and micromorphology of as-grown and etched bis(thiourea) cadmium chloride (BTCC) single crystals.</a> Optical Materials. 21 (1-3), 569-604 (2002).</li><li>Pawar, S. M., Pawar, B. S., Kim, J. H., Joo, O., Lokhande, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recent+status+of+chemical+bath+deposited+metal+chalcogenide+and+metal+oxide+thin+films.">Recent status of chemical bath deposited metal chalcogenide and metal oxide thin films.</a> Current Applied Physics. 11 (2), 117-161 (2011).</li><li>Suriakarthick, R., Kumar, V. N., Shyju, T. S., Gopalakrishnan, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Investigation+on+post+annealed+copper+sulfide+thin+films+from+photochemical+deposition+technique.">Investigation on post annealed copper sulfide thin films from photochemical deposition technique.</a> Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing. 26 (1), 155-161 (2014).</li><li>Podder, J., Kobayashi, R., Ichimura, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photochemical+deposition+of+Cu+x+S+thin+films+from+aqueous+solutions.">Photochemical deposition of Cu x S thin films from aqueous solutions.</a> Thin Solid Films. 472 (1-2), 71-75 (2005).</li><li>Gunasekaran, M., Gopalakrishnan, R., Ramasamy, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deposition+of+ZnS+thin+films+by+photochemical+deposition+technique.">Deposition of ZnS thin films by photochemical deposition technique.</a> Materials Letters. 58 (1-2), 67-70 (2004).</li><li>Ichimura, M., Goto, F., Ono, Y., Arai, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deposition+of+CdS+and+ZnS+from+aqueous+solutions+by+a+new+photochemical+technique.">Deposition of CdS and ZnS from aqueous solutions by a new photochemical technique.</a> Journal of Crystal Growth. 198 (1), 308-312 (1999).</li><li>Kumaresan, R., Ichimura, M., Sato, N., Ramasamy, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+novel+photochemical+deposition+technique+for+the+deposition+of+indium+sulfide.">Application of novel photochemical deposition technique for the deposition of indium sulfide.</a> Materials Science Engineering: B. 96 (1), 37-42 (2002).</li><li>Rama, G., Jeevanandam, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+of+different+morphologies+of+CdS+nanoparticles+by+thermal+decomposition+of+bis(thiourea)cadmium+chloride+in+various+solvents.">Evolution of different morphologies of CdS nanoparticles by thermal decomposition of bis(thiourea)cadmium chloride in various solvents.</a> Journal of Nanoparticle Research. 17 (1), 1-13 (2015).</li><li>Pabitha, G., Dhanasekaran, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Growth+and+characterization+of+a+nonlinear+optical+crystal+-+bis+thiourea+cadmium+chloride.">Growth and characterization of a nonlinear optical crystal - bis thiourea cadmium chloride.</a> International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. 4 (1), 34-38 (2015).</li><li>Trujillo, L. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Di-thiourea+cadmium+chloride+crystals+synthesis+under+UV+radiation+influence.">Di-thiourea cadmium chloride crystals synthesis under UV radiation influence.</a> Journal of Crystal Growth. 478 (1), 140-145 (2017).</li><li>Elilarassi, R., Maheshwari, S., Chandrasekaran, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+optical+characterization+of+CdS+nanoparticles+synthesized+using+a+simple+chemical+reaction+route.">Structural and optical characterization of CdS nanoparticles synthesized using a simple chemical reaction route.</a> Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications. 4 (3), 309-312 (2010).</li><li>Selvasekarapandian, S., Vivekanandan, K., Kolandaivel, P., Gundurao, T. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vibrational+Studies+of+Bis(thiourea)+Cadmium+Chloride+and+Tris(thiourea)+Zinc+Sulphate+Semiorganic+Non-linear+Optical+Crystals.">Vibrational Studies of Bis(thiourea) Cadmium Chloride and Tris(thiourea) Zinc Sulphate Semiorganic Non-linear Optical Crystals.</a> Crystal Research &amp; Technology. 32 (2), 299-309 (1997).</li></ol>

本节中提出的讨论只侧重于议定书, 而不是着重于代表结果中已经显示的结果。
该议定书最关键的部分之一是编写前体解决方案。保持酸性 pH 值以避免 Cd (OH)2的形成是至关重要的。如果 pH 不是酸性的, 它导致 CdS 的直接形成由于硫脲离解和 cd (OH)2形成。 第二个最重要的步骤是步骤 3.2, 过滤解决方案之前必须执行的解决方案冷却下来, 因为否则, 冷却导致晶体...

一个重要的研究领域是单一晶体;他们的成长是针对不同的应用。这些材料可作为用于激光技术领域、光电子领域和信息1的非线性光学资料, 为他们的调查提供了一个机会。二 (硫脲) 氯化镉是一种金属有机材料, 可从两个前体、硫脲和氯化镉中合成, 遵循以下化学公式: 2 cs (nh2)2 + CdCl2 CdCl2-[cs2)2]2. 这种金属-有机材料是在不同的反应条件下制备的, 如温度和 pH 值, 但在紫外线 (UV) 光的帮助下从来没有。
报告了 pH 值对晶体结构的影响;在 pH < 6, 有可能获得单晶的形成。这些反过来, 根据 pH 值的范围进行修改。在6到4的间隔时间内, 可以获得六角结构, 因为如果 pH 值为 < 4, 正交晶体结构得到2。离子离解由酸性 pH 值 Cd2 +和 Cl 促进, 因为它防止氢氧化镉形成 [Cd (OH)2]。这稳定了镉: 一个镉原子加入两个无硫自由基和两个氯。
在这里, 采用化学浴沉积技术 (CBD) 进行合成, 控制化学反应时干预的不同条件3。在 CBD 中, 控制化学反应的因素有: 溶液温度、前驱离子、溶液 pH 值、试剂数量和搅拌速度等。另一方面, 这里使用的比较技术称为光化学浴沉积 (PCBD), 因为它使用 UV 光的帮助。有报道称, 紫外线光协助已被用于合成x4、5、ZnS6、CdS7和 InS8等薄膜。市村和 Gunasekaran9目前在他们的工作, 硫酸盐溶液有一个吸收边缘接近 300 nm。由于这种吸收范围, 紫外线辐射的应用, 这导致了类似的排放范围, 与吸收的解决方案。
二 (硫脲) 氯化镉的另一种性质是加热时降解。它在 512 K 和以上的温度下进行初始分解, 形成硫化镉 (CdS)。降解反应如下: [Cd (CS2]2] Cl2 →Δ CdS + HNCS + nh3 + nh4SCN。这种降解产生 thiocyanuric 酸和各种 thiocyanates10,11。此外, 研究组还对紫外线辐射引起的一些影响进行了研究12。最后, 本文介绍了双 (硫脲) 氯化镉晶体的比较合成方法, 以及紫外光的影响。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagents</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cadmium chloride Anh. ACS, 99.4 %</td>
			<td>Fermont</td>
			<td>PQ24291</td>
			<td>Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thiourea technical grade, 99.9 %</td>
			<td>Reasol</td>
			<td>R5913</td>
			<td>Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid, 36.5 &#8211; 38.0 %</td>
			<td>J.T.Baker</td>
			<td>MFCD00011324</td>
			<td>Highly corrosive liquid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Material</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Filter paper</td>
			<td>Whatman</td>
			<td>1440 125</td>
			<td>40, Ashless, Circles, 125 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beaker</td>
			<td>Kimax</td>
			<td>1400</td>
			<td>100 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Volumetric Flask</td>
			<td>Kimax</td>
			<td>28012-100</td>
			<td>Class A 100 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Funnel</td>
			<td>Kimax</td>
			<td>28980-150</td>
			<td>Addition Funnel, Long Stem, 60&#176; Angle, Wide Top. Type I, Class B.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Watch glasses</td>
			<td>Pyrex</td>
			<td>9985-150</td>
			<td>Corning, 150&#160;mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crucibles</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>FB-965-D</td>
			<td>High-Form Porcelain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Furnace</td>
			<td>Briteg Instrumentos Cientificos S.A. de C.V.</td>
			<td>1010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fume Hood</td>
			<td>Fisher Alders, S.A. de C.V.</td>
			<td>F1124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Light surce</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td>PL-S 9W UV-A/2P 1CT/6X 10 CC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH meter</td>
			<td>OAKTON</td>
			<td>WD-35419-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hotplate whit magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>JZ-04660-75</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the effect of ultraviolet radiation on the chemical bath deposition of bis(thiourea) cadmium chloride crystals and the subsequent cds obtention

本文比较研究了用化学浴沉积技术对 367 nm 波长的紫外光照射下双 (硫脲) 氯化镉晶体的制备效果。两个实验进行了比较: 一个没有紫外线光和其他的紫外线光的帮助。两个实验都是在同等条件下进行的, 温度为 343 K, pH 值为3.2。所用的前体为氯化镉 (CdCl2) 和硫脲 [CS (NH2)2], 溶解在50毫升的去离子水中, 酸性 pH 值。在该实验中, 在进行化学反应的时刻, 寻求电磁辐射的相互作用。结果表明晶体与紫外光之间存在相互作用;紫外光协助导致晶体生长在针状的形状。此外, 最终的产品是硫化镉, 并显示没有明显的差异, 当合成与或不使用 UV 光。

在两种前驱体溶液中, a 和 B 的紫外-可见光扩散反射吸收光谱显示了双 (硫脲) 氯化镉络合物-CdCl2-(CS2)2)2的存在。这在图 2c中由 250-500 nm 范围内的广泛吸收带证明。反过来,图 2c是独立 CdCl2和 CS (NH2)2在解决方案中的主要吸收带的组合, 如图 2a和2b...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bisthiourea Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention at JoVE.com

The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bisthiourea Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention

本文提出了一种用化学浴沉积法合成双 (硫脲) 镉氯化物晶体的协议。两个实验被描述: 一个由紫外光辅助与没有紫外光的一。

紫外辐射对双 (硫脲) 氯化镉晶体化学镀液沉积的影响及随后的 CdS 获得

In this work, the effects on the preparation of bis(thiourea) cadmium chloride crystals when illuminated with ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Chemical Bath Deposition of Bis(thiourea) Cadmium Chloride Crystals and the Subsequent CdS Obtention

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles

折纸灵感的图案和可重构颗粒自组装

There are numerous techniques such as photolithography, electron-beam lithography and soft-lithography that can be used to precisely pattern two ...

科研

化学

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria

隔离和脂质A的化学表征革兰氏阴性菌

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major cell surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, deposited on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane bilayer. LPS ...

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia

增强型氟烷烃的化学气相沉积等离子通过疏水金属 - 有机骨架的制备氨的去除

Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of perfluoroalkanes has long been studied for tuning the wetting properties of surfaces. For high ...

Chemical Vapor Deposition of an Organic Magnet, Vanadium Tetracyanoethylene

化学气相沉积的有机磁体，钒四氰

Recent progress in the field of organic materials has yielded devices such as organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) which have advantages not found in ...

Preparation of Highly Porous Coordination Polymer Coatings on Macroporous Polymer Monoliths for Enhanced Enrichment of Phosphopeptides

对磷酸增强富集制备高度多孔配位聚合物涂层的孔聚合物石柱的

We describe a protocol for the preparation of hybrid materials based on highly porous coordination polymer coatings on the internal surface of macroporous ...

Dynamic Electrochemical Measurement of Chloride Ions

氯离子的动态电化学测试

This protocol describes the dynamic measurement of chloride ions using the transition time of a silver silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrode. Silver silver ...

Preparation of Macroporous Epitaxial Quartz Films on Silicon by Chemical Solution Deposition

化学溶液沉积在硅外延大孔石英薄膜的制备

This work describes the detailed protocol for preparing piezoelectric macroporous epitaxial quartz films on silicon(100) substrates. This is a three-step ...

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods

铱氧化物纳米颗粒对硒化镉硫化镉@纳米棒光化学氧化增长

We demonstrate a procedure for the photochemical oxidative growth of iridium oxide catalysts on the surface of seeded cadmium selenide-cadmium sulfide ...

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

锗通过原子层沉积钙钛矿型钛酸锶的外延生长

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a commercially utilized deposition method for electronic materials. ALD growth of thin films offers thickness control and ...

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

The Effect of Interfacial Chemical Bonding in TiO2-SiO2 Composites on Their Photocatalytic NOx Abatement Performance

界面化学键合在TiO中的作用<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; -SiO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;复合材料对其光催化NOx消除性能的影响

The chemical bonding of particulate photocatalysts to supporting material surfaces is of great importance in engineering more efficient and practical ...