Name: suppression of pro-fibrotic signaling potentiates factor-mediated reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes
Uploaded: 2018-06-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes at JoVE.com

Denne forskningen ble støttet av midler fra Boettcher stiftelsens Webb-Waring biomedisinsk forskningsprogram, American Heart Association forsker Development Grant (13SDG17400031), University of Colorado Institutt for medisin enestående tidlig karriere Forsker Program, University of Colorado divisjon av kardiologi Barlow Nyle legat og NIH R01HL133230 (til KS). A.S.R ble støttet av NIH/NCATS Colorado CTSA Grant nummer TL1TR001081 og en pre fellesskap fra University of Colorado konsortiet fibrose Research & oversettelse (CFReT). Denne forskningen ble også støttet av Cancer Center støtte Grant (P30CA046934), hud sykdommer forskning kjerner Grant (P30AR057212) og Flow cytometri kjernen ved University of Colorado Anschutz medisinsk Campus.

Alle eksperimenter krever dyr ble godkjent av institusjonelle Animal Care og bruk komiteen ved UC Denver Anschutz medisinsk Campus.
1. isolering av MEFs
<ol><li>Kjøpe C57BL/6 gravid mus på E13. Skip over natten.</li>
	<li>Euthanize moren etter godkjent IACUC protokoller (ex: ~1.3 L/min CO2 til dyr vises døde etterfulgt av cervical forvridning)</li>
	<li>Spray mor med 70% etanol og åpne bukhule. Fjern livmor hornet som inneholder embryoer og plasser i en 10 cm parabolen med ste...

<ol>
	<li>Benjamin, E. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+Disease+and+Stroke+Statistics-2017+Update:+A+Report+From+the+American+Heart+Association.">Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association.</a> Circulation. 136 (20), (2017).</li><li>Laflamme, M. A., Murry, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regenerating+the+heart.">Regenerating the heart.</a> Nat. Biotechnol. 23 (7), 845-856 (2005).</li><li>Mercola, M., Ruiz-Lozano, P., Schneider, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+muscle+regeneration:+lessons+from+development.">Cardiac muscle regeneration: lessons from development.</a> Genes &amp; Development. 25 (4), 299-309 (2011).</li><li>Bergmann, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+cardiomyocyte+renewal+in+humans.">Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans.</a> Science. 324 (5923), 98-102 (2009).</li><li>Senyo, S. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mammalian+heart+renewal+by+pre-existing+cardiomyocytes.">Mammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes.</a> Nature. 493 (7432), 433-436 (2013).</li><li>Nabel, E. 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Med. 355 (12), 1199-1209 (2006).</li><li>Hirsch, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracoronary+infusion+of+autologous+mononuclear+bone+marrow+cells+or+peripheral+mononuclear+blood+cells+after+primary+percutaneous+coronary+intervention:+rationale+and+design+of+the+HEBE+trial+-+a+prospective,+multicenter,+randomized+trial.">Intracoronary infusion of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells or peripheral mononuclear blood cells after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: rationale and design of the HEBE trial - a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial.</a> Am. Heart J. 152 (3), 434-441 (2006).</li><li>Hirsch, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracoronary+infusion+of+mononuclear+cells+from+bone+marrow+or+peripheral+blood+compared+with+standard+therapy+in+patients+after+acute+myocardial+infarction+treated+by+primary+percutaneous+coronary+intervention:+results+of+the+randomized+controlled+HEBE+trial.">Intracoronary infusion of mononuclear cells from bone marrow or peripheral blood compared with standard therapy in patients after acute myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the randomized controlled HEBE trial.</a> Eur. Heart J. 32 (14), 1736-1747 (2011).</li><li>Karantalis, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autologous+mesenchymal+stem+cells+produce+concordant+improvements+in+regional+function,+tissue+perfusion,+and+fibrotic+burden+when+administered+to+patients+undergoing+coronary+artery+bypass+grafting:+The+Prospective+Randomized+Study+of+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cell+Therapy+in+Patients+Undergoing+Cardiac+Surgery+(PROMETHEUS)+trial.">Autologous mesenchymal stem cells produce concordant improvements in regional function, tissue perfusion, and fibrotic burden when administered to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: The Prospective Randomized Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery (PROMETHEUS) trial.</a> Circ Res. 114 (8), 1302-1310 (2014).</li><li>Takahashi, K., Yamanaka, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+mouse+embryonic+and+adult+fibroblast+cultures+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.</a> Cell. 126 (4), 663-676 (2006).</li><li>Lian, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robust+cardiomyocyte+differentiation+from+human+pluripotent+stem+cells+via+temporal+modulation+of+canonical+Wnt+signaling.">Robust cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells via temporal modulation of canonical Wnt signaling.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci. 109 (27), E1848-E1857 (2012).</li><li>Loh, K. 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Cardiol. 50 (2), 327-332 (2011).</li><li>Shiba, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allogeneic+transplantation+of+iPS+cell-derived+cardiomyocytes+regenerates+primate+hearts.">Allogeneic transplantation of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerates primate hearts.</a> Nature. 538, 388-391 (2016).</li><li>Ieda, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+reprogramming+of+fibroblasts+into+functional+cardiomyocytes+by+defined+factors.">Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by defined factors.</a> Cell. 142 (3), 357-386 (2010).</li><li>Song, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+repair+by+reprogramming+non-myocytes+with+cardiac+transcription+factors.">Heart repair by reprogramming non-myocytes with cardiac transcription factors.</a> Nature. 485, 599-604 (2012).</li><li>Hirai, H., Katoku-Kikyo, N., Keirstead, S. 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Studien skisserer en høy effektivitet strategi for å omprogrammere direkte fibroblaster i funksjonelle iCMs via levering av GHMT2m omprogrammering faktorene kombinert med undertrykkelse av pro-fibrotiske signalveier. Med flowcytometri, immunofluorescent imaging, kalsium imaging, og slo celletall, vi viser fleste cellene i denne protokollen gjennomgå vellykket omprogrammering og vedta CM avstamning skjebne. Vi har tidligere vist at tillegg av anti-fibrotiske forbindelser inkludert hvilken TGF-β jeg reseptor hemmere A-...

Iskemisk hjertesykdom er en ledende dødsårsaken i USA1. Ca 800 000 amerikanere opplever en første eller gjennomgående myocardial infarction (MI) per år1. Etter MI, død cardiomyocytes (CMs) og kardiale fibrosis, avsatt av aktivert cardiac fibroblaster, svekke hjertet funksjon2,3. Progresjon av hjertesvikt MI reverseres i stor grad på grunn av dårlig regenerativ antall voksne CMs4,5. Mens gjeldende kliniske behandlinger sakte sykdomsprogresjon og redusere risikoen for fremtidige cardiac hendelser6,7,8,9, reversere ingen terapier sykdomsprogresjon på grunn av manglende evne til å Lag CMs post hjerteinfarkt10. Romanen cell behandling dukker opp for å behandle pasienter etter MI. skuffende, kliniske studier levere stamceller til hjertet etter MI hittil har vist mangelfulle regenerativ potensielle11,12, 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18.
Generering av menneske-avledet indusert pluripotent stamceller (hiPSCs) fra fibroblaster av overuttrykte fire transkripsjonsfaktorer, først vist av Takahashi & Yamanaka, åpnet døren til nye gjennombrudd i cellen terapi19. Disse cellene kan skille ut alle tre bakterie lag19, og flere svært effektive metoder for å generere store antall CMs har tidligere vist20,21. HiPSC-avledet CMs (hiPS-CMs) tilbyr en kraftig plattform for å studere cardiomyogenesis og kan ha viktige implikasjoner for reparasjon hjertet etter skade. Men hiPS-CMs for tiden ansikt translasjonsforskning hekk på grunn av bekymringer teratoma formasjon22, og deres umodne natur kan være pro-arrhythmogenic23. Omprogrammere fibroblaster til hiPSCs skapt interesse i direkte omprogrammering fibroblaster til andre celletyper. Ieda et al. demonstrert at overuttrykte GATA4, Mef2c og Tbx5 (GMT) i fibroblaster fører til direkte omprogrammering til hjerte linje, riktignok på lav effektivitet24. Omprogrammere effektivitet ble forbedret med tillegg av Hand2 (GHMT)25. Siden disse tidlige studiene, har mange publikasjoner vist at endre reprogramming faktor cocktail med ekstra transkripsjon faktorer26,27,28,29, chromatin modifikatorer30,31, microRNAs32,33eller små molekyler34 fører til bedre omprogrammering effektivitet og/eller modning av indusert cardiomyocyte-lignende celler (iCMs ).
Her gir vi en detaljert protokoll for å generere iCMs fra mus embryonale fibroblaster (MEFs) med høy effektivitet. Vi viste tidligere at GHMT cocktail er forbedret med tillegg av miR-1 og miR-133 (GHMT2m) og er ytterligere forbedret når pro-fibrotiske signalnettverk trasé inkludert transformasjon av vekstfaktor β (TGF-β) signalering eller Rho-assosiert protein kinase (ROCK) signalveier er hemmet35. Bruker denne protokollen, viser vi at ca 60% av celler uttrykke cardiac Troponin T (cTnT), ca 50% express α-actinin og et høyt antall juling celler kan observeres så tidlig som i dag 11 etter signaltransduksjon med reprogramming faktorer og behandling med TGF-β type I-reseptor hemmere A-83-01. Videre disse iCMs express gapet krysset proteiner inkludert connexin 43 og utstilling spontan sammentrekning og kalsium transienter. Dette markert forbedring i omprogrammering effektivitet sammenlignet med tidligere studier viser potensial til å regenerere CMs fra endogene celle populasjoner som forblir i etter hjerteinfarkt.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1326">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">C57BL/6 Mice</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Charles River&#39;s Laboratory</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">027</td>
			<td style="width:667px;">For MEF isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Platinum E (PE) Cells</td>
			<td>Cell Biolabs, INC</td>
			<td>RV-101</td>
			<td>For retrovirus production</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM High Glucose</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>SH30022.FS</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Medium 199</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11150-059</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Gemini</td>
			<td>100106</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Donor Horse Serum</td>
			<td>Gemini</td>
			<td>100508 500</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">MEM Essential Amino Acids, 50X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11130051</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Sodium Pyruvate Solution, 100X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11360070</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media and for calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids, 100X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11140050</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">MEM Vitamin Solution, 100X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11120-052</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>41400045</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">B27</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Penicilin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">GlutaMAX (L-Glutamine Supplement)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blasticidin-HCl</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A11139-03</td>
			<td>Component of PE media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Puromycin dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A11138-03</td>
			<td>Component of PE media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">0.25% Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>For detaching cells from culture dishes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">A-83-01</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems - Tocris</td>
			<td>2939/10</td>
			<td>Treat cells to inhibit TGF-&#946; signaling - promotes high efficiecy reprogramming. Use at 0.5 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMSO</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>85190</td>
			<td>For dilution and storage of A-83-01 and component of Freeze Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SureCoat</td>
			<td>Cellutron</td>
			<td>SC-9035</td>
			<td>For coating dishes to plate MEFs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FuGENE 6 Transfection Reagent</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>E2692</td>
			<td>Transfection Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Opti-MEM Reduced Serum Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11058-021</td>
			<td>Transfection Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-GATA4</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-Hand2</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-Mef2c</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-Tbx5</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X miR-1</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X miR-133</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X GFP</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Polybrene (Hexadimethrine bromide)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H9268-5G</td>
			<td>For viral induction. Use at a concentration of 6 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Vacuum Filter + bottles (0.22 &#181;m pores)</td>
			<td>Nalgene</td>
			<td>&#160;569-0020&#160;</td>
			<td>For filtering media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringes</td>
			<td>Bd Vacutainer Labware&#160;</td>
			<td>309654</td>
			<td>For viral filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.45 &#181;m Filters</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229749</td>
			<td>For viral filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">70 &#181;m cell strainers</td>
			<td>Falcon&#160;</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td>For MEF isolation and Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Cytofix/Cytoperm Solution</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554722</td>
			<td>For fixation and permeabilization of cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">perm/wash buffer&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554723</td>
			<td>For washing cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DPBS 1X</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-250</td>
			<td>For washing cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>0332-100g</td>
			<td>For flow cytometry and calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Goat Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td>G9023</td>
			<td>For blocking cells for Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Donkey Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D9663-10mg</td>
			<td>For blocking cells for Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Troponin T</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>ms-295-p</td>
			<td>1:400 IF, 1:200 Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse &#945;-actinin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A7811L</td>
			<td>1:400 IF, 1:200 Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rabbit Connexin 43</td>
			<td>Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td>C6219</td>
			<td>1:400 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rabbit Troponin I</td>
			<td>PhosphoSolutions</td>
			<td>2010-TNI</td>
			<td>1:400 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hoechst</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>62249</td>
			<td>1:10000 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 488, rabbit</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11034</td>
			<td>1:800 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 555, mouse</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-21422</td>
			<td>1:800 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 647, mouse</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-31571</td>
			<td>1:200 Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">27-color ZE5 Flow Cytometer&#160;</td>
			<td>Bio-RAD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>P6148-500mg</td>
			<td>For fixing cells for IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>H5142</td>
			<td>For permeabilization of cells for IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EVOS&#8482; FL Color Imaging System</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>AMEFC4300</td>
			<td>For IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>RPI</td>
			<td>S23020-5000</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>395</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>C614-500</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>97061-352</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">glucose</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>G7528-250g</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>H4034-500g</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fura-2 AM</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>F1221</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fluronic F-127</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P2443-250g</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nifedipine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N7634-1G</td>
			<td>For disruption calcium transients in iCMs - use at 10 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Isoproterenol</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>I6504-1g</td>
			<td>For increasing number of calcium transients in iCMs - use at 1-2 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Marianas Spinning Disk Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>3i</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon Laboratories</td>
			<td>2801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">bleach</td>
			<td>Clorox</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>188271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 cm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10 cm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">60 mm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>628160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">6 well cell culture plates</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>657160&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">12 well cell culture plates</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>665180&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">24 well cell culture plates</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>662160&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

suppression of pro-fibrotic signaling potentiates factor-mediated reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes

Trans-differensiering av et somatisk cell type til en annen har enormt potensial modell og behandle menneskelige sykdommer. Tidligere studier har vist at mus embryonale, dermal og kardiale fibroblaster kan omprogrammeres til funksjonelle indusert-cardiomyocyte-lignende celler (iCMs) gjennom overuttrykte kardiogent transkripsjonsfaktorer inkludert GATA4, Hand2, Mef2c, og Tbx5 både i vitro og i vivo. Men har disse tidligere studier vist relativt lav effektivitet. For å gjenopprette hjertefunksjon etter skade, må mekanismer som styrer cardiac omprogrammering bli belyst for å øke effektiviteten og modning av iCMs.
Vi viste tidligere at hemming av pro-fibrotiske signalering dramatisk øker omprogrammering effektivitet. Her detalj vi metoder for å oppnå en reprogramming effektivitet på opptil 60%. I tillegg beskriver vi flere metoder, inkludert flowcytometri, immunofluorescent bilder og kalsium imaging å kvantifisere reprogramming effektivitet og modning av omprogrammeres fibroblaster. Bruker protokollen detaljert her, kan mekanistisk studier foretas å finne positive og negative regulatorer av cardiac omprogrammering. Disse studiene kan identifisere signalveier som kan målrettes for å fremme reprogramming effektivitet og modning, som kan føre til romanen cellen terapi å behandle menneskelige hjerte sykdom.

Bruker reprogramming strategi skissert ovenfor og figur 1B, generert vi iCMs med ca 70% av celler uttrykke cardiac Troponin T og ca 55% av celler som uttrykker cardiac α-actinin, kvantifisert ved flowcytometri på dag 9 etter Albin på GHMT2m (figur 2A og B). I tillegg fleste cellene express cardiac Troponin T, Troponin jeg cardiac α-actinin samt gapet krysset markøren Connexin 43 dag 14 etter signaltransduksj...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes at JoVE.com

Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes

Her presenterer vi en robust metode for å omprogrammere primære embryonale fibroblaster i funksjonelle cardiomyocytes gjennom overuttrykte GATA4, Hand2, Mef2c, Tbx5, miR-1 og miR-133 (GHMT2m) sammen med hemming av TGF-β signalering. Våre protokollen genererer slo cardiomyocytes så tidlig som i 7 dager etter signaltransduksjon med opptil 60% effektivitet.

Undertrykkelse av Pro-fibrotiske signalering Potentiates faktor-mediert omprogrammering av mus embryonale fibroblaster til indusert Cardiomyocytes

Trans-differentiation of one somatic cell type into another has enormous potential to model and treat human diseases. Previous studies have shown that ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Stable and Efficient Genetic Modification of Cells in the Adult Mouse V-SVZ for the Analysis of Neural Stem Cell Autonomous and Non-autonomous Effects

Stabil og effektiv genmodifisering av Celler i Adult Mouse V-SVZ for Analyse av Neural Stem Cell autonome og ikke-autonome Effects

Relatively quiescent somatic stem cells support life-long cell renewal in most adult tissues. Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain are ...

Improved Generation of Induced Cardiomyocytes Using a Polycistronic Construct Expressing Optimal Ratio of Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5

Forbedret generasjon av Induced kardiomyocytter Ved hjelp av en polycistronisk Construct Uttrykke optimale forholdet mellom Gata4, Mef2c og Tbx5

Direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) holds great potential for regenerative medicine by offering alternative ...

Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts into Trophoblast Stem Cells

Protokoll for direkte konvertering av Murine embryonale Fibroblaster i trophoblast stamceller

Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) arise as a consequence of the first cell fate decision in mammalian development. They can be cultured in vitro, retaining ...

Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

Omprogrammering mus embryonale Fibroblaster med transkripsjonsfaktorer for å indusere en Hemogenic Program

This protocol details the induction of a hemogenic program in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) via overexpression of transcription factors (TFs). We ...

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

Stimulering av Notch signale i Muse osteoclast Prekursorer

Notch signaling is a key component of multiple physiological and pathological processes. The nature of Notch signaling, however, makes in vitro ...

Assessing Cardiomyocyte Subtypes Following Transcription Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

Vurdere kardiomyocytt Subtyper Etter transkripsjonsfaktor-mediert omprogrammering av mus embryonale Fibroblaster

Direct reprogramming of one cell type into another has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and lineage ...

Analysis of Retinoic Acid-induced Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Two and Three-dimensional Embryoid Bodies

Analyse av retinsyre-indusert Neural Differensiering av mus embryonale stamceller i to og tre-dimensjonale embryoidlegemer

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) isolated from the inner mass of the blastocyst (typically at day E3.5), can be used as in vitro model system for ...

Dissection and Culture of Mouse Embryonic Kidney

Disseksjon og kultur av musens embryonale nyre

The goal of this protocol is to describe a method for the dissection, isolation, and culture of mouse metanephric rudiments. 
During mammalian kidney ...

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle

Vurdering av skaden-indusert Senescence og i Vivo omprogrammering i skjelettmuskelen

Cellular senescence is a stress response that is characterized by a stable cellular growth arrest, which is important for many physiological and ...

Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors

Direkte avstamning omprogrammering av voksen mus Fibroblast å Erythroid Progenitors

Erythroid cell commitment and differentiation proceed through activation of a lineage-restricted transcriptional network orchestrated by a group of cell ...