Name: suppression of pro-fibrotic signaling potentiates factor-mediated reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes
Uploaded: 2018-06-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes at JoVE.com

Esta pesquisa foi apoiada por fundos da Fundação Boettcher Webb-Waring biomédica pesquisa programa, americano coração Associação cientista desenvolvimento Grant (13SDG17400031), Universidade do Colorado departamento medicina pendentes do início de carreira Programa acadêmico, Universidade de Colorado divisão de Cardiologia Barlow Nyle doação e NIH R01HL133230 (para Klein). A.S.R foi apoiada pelo NIH/NCATS Colorado CTSA Grant número TL1TR001081 e uma bolsa doutorandos do consórcio Universidade do Colorado para pesquisa de fibrose & tradução (CFReT). Esta pesquisa foi apoiada também pela concessão de apoio do centro de câncer (P30CA046934), a concessão de núcleos de investigação de doenças pele (P30AR057212) e o núcleo de citometria de fluxo no Campus Anschutz-médica da Universidade do Colorado.

Todas as experiências que exigem animais foram aprovadas pelo Comitê de uso no Campus médico da UC Denver Anschutz e institucional Cuidado Animal.
1. isolamento de MEFs
<ol><li>Compra de ratos grávidas C57BL/6 no E13. Navio durante a noite.</li>
	<li>Eutanásia-a mãe de acordo com protocolos aprovados IACUC (ex: ~1.3 L/min de CO2 até animal aparece morto seguido por deslocamento cervical)</li>
	<li>Pulverizar a mãe com 70% de etanol e abrir a cavidade abdominal. Remover o c...

<ol>
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D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+muscle+regeneration:+lessons+from+development.">Cardiac muscle regeneration: lessons from development.</a> Genes &amp; Development. 25 (4), 299-309 (2011).</li><li>Bergmann, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+cardiomyocyte+renewal+in+humans.">Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans.</a> Science. 324 (5923), 98-102 (2009).</li><li>Senyo, S. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mammalian+heart+renewal+by+pre-existing+cardiomyocytes.">Mammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes.</a> Nature. 493 (7432), 433-436 (2013).</li><li>Nabel, E. G., Braunwald, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+tale+of+coronary+artery+disease+and+myocardial+infarction.">A tale of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction.</a> N Engl J Med. 366 (1), 54-63 (2012).</li><li>Packer, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+carvedilol+on+the+morbidity+of+patients+with+severe+chronic+heart+failure:+results+of+the+carvedilol+prospective+randomized+cumulative+survival+(COPERNICUS)+study.">Effect of carvedilol on the morbidity of patients with severe chronic heart failure: results of the carvedilol prospective randomized cumulative survival (COPERNICUS) study.</a> Circulation. 106 (17), 2194-2199 (2002).</li><li>The CAPRICORN Investigators. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+carvedilol+on+outcome+after+myocardial+infarction+in+patients+with+left-ventricular+dysfunction:+the+CAPRICORN+randomized+trial.">Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular dysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomized trial.</a> The Lancet. 357 (9266), 1385-1390 (2001).</li><li>Marangou, J., Paul, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+attitudes+on+cardiac+devices+in+heart+failure:+a+review.">Current attitudes on cardiac devices in heart failure: a review.</a> Clin Ther. 37 (10), 2206-2214 (2015).</li><li>Xin, M., Olson, E. 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Heart J. 29 (22), 2723-2732 (2008).</li><li>Janssens, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autologous+bone+marrow-derived+stem-cell+transfer+in+patients+with+ST-segment+elevation+myocardial+infarction:+double-blind,+randomised+controlled+trial.">Autologous bone marrow-derived stem-cell transfer in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: double-blind, randomised controlled trial.</a> Lancet. 367 (9505), 113-121 (2006).</li><li>Lunde, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracoronary+injection+of+mononuclear+bone+marrow+cells+in+acute+myocardial+infarction.">Intracoronary injection of mononuclear bone marrow cells in acute myocardial infarction.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 355 (12), 1199-1209 (2006).</li><li>Hirsch, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracoronary+infusion+of+autologous+mononuclear+bone+marrow+cells+or+peripheral+mononuclear+blood+cells+after+primary+percutaneous+coronary+intervention:+rationale+and+design+of+the+HEBE+trial+-+a+prospective,+multicenter,+randomized+trial.">Intracoronary infusion of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells or peripheral mononuclear blood cells after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: rationale and design of the HEBE trial - a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial.</a> Am. Heart J. 152 (3), 434-441 (2006).</li><li>Hirsch, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracoronary+infusion+of+mononuclear+cells+from+bone+marrow+or+peripheral+blood+compared+with+standard+therapy+in+patients+after+acute+myocardial+infarction+treated+by+primary+percutaneous+coronary+intervention:+results+of+the+randomized+controlled+HEBE+trial.">Intracoronary infusion of mononuclear cells from bone marrow or peripheral blood compared with standard therapy in patients after acute myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention: results of the randomized controlled HEBE trial.</a> Eur. Heart J. 32 (14), 1736-1747 (2011).</li><li>Karantalis, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autologous+mesenchymal+stem+cells+produce+concordant+improvements+in+regional+function,+tissue+perfusion,+and+fibrotic+burden+when+administered+to+patients+undergoing+coronary+artery+bypass+grafting:+The+Prospective+Randomized+Study+of+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cell+Therapy+in+Patients+Undergoing+Cardiac+Surgery+(PROMETHEUS)+trial.">Autologous mesenchymal stem cells produce concordant improvements in regional function, tissue perfusion, and fibrotic burden when administered to patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: The Prospective Randomized Study of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery (PROMETHEUS) trial.</a> Circ Res. 114 (8), 1302-1310 (2014).</li><li>Takahashi, K., Yamanaka, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+pluripotent+stem+cells+from+mouse+embryonic+and+adult+fibroblast+cultures+by+defined+factors.">Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.</a> Cell. 126 (4), 663-676 (2006).</li><li>Lian, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Robust+cardiomyocyte+differentiation+from+human+pluripotent+stem+cells+via+temporal+modulation+of+canonical+Wnt+signaling.">Robust cardiomyocyte differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells via temporal modulation of canonical Wnt signaling.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci. 109 (27), E1848-E1857 (2012).</li><li>Loh, K. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+the+Pairwise+Choices+Leading+from+Pluripotency+to+Human+Bone,+Heart,+and+Other+Mesoderm+Cell+Types.">Mapping the Pairwise Choices Leading from Pluripotency to Human Bone, Heart, and Other Mesoderm Cell Types.</a> Cell. 166 (2), 451-467 (2016).</li><li>Yoshida, Y., Yamanaka, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=iPS+cells:+A+source+of+cardiac+regeneration.">iPS cells: A source of cardiac regeneration.</a> J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 50 (2), 327-332 (2011).</li><li>Shiba, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allogeneic+transplantation+of+iPS+cell-derived+cardiomyocytes+regenerates+primate+hearts.">Allogeneic transplantation of iPS cell-derived cardiomyocytes regenerates primate hearts.</a> Nature. 538, 388-391 (2016).</li><li>Ieda, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+reprogramming+of+fibroblasts+into+functional+cardiomyocytes+by+defined+factors.">Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into functional cardiomyocytes by defined factors.</a> Cell. 142 (3), 357-386 (2010).</li><li>Song, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+repair+by+reprogramming+non-myocytes+with+cardiac+transcription+factors.">Heart repair by reprogramming non-myocytes with cardiac transcription factors.</a> Nature. 485, 599-604 (2012).</li><li>Hirai, H., Katoku-Kikyo, N., Keirstead, S. A., Kikyo, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accelerated+direct+reprogramming+of+fibroblasts+into+cardiomyocyte-like+cells+with+the+MyoD+transactivation+domain.">Accelerated direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells with the MyoD transactivation domain.</a> Cardiovasc Res. 100 (1), 105-113 (2013).</li><li>Qian, L., Berry, E. C., Fu, J., Ieda, M., Srivastava, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reprogramming+of+mouse+fibroblasts+into+cardiomyocyte-like+cells+in+vitro.">Reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts into cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro.</a> Nat Protoc. 8 (6), 1204-1215 (2013).</li><li>Addis, R. 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O presente estudo descreve uma estratégia de alta eficiência para reprogramar diretamente fibroblastos em iCMs funcional através de entrega de GHMT2m fatores combinados com a supressão das vias de sinalização pró-fibróticos de reprogramação. Utilizando citometria de fluxo, imagem latente de imunofluorescência, cálcio imaging e bater a contagem de células, vamos mostrar a maioria das células no presente protocolo submetido a reprogramação bem sucedida e adotar o destino de linhagem CM. Mostramos anteriorme...

Doença isquêmica do coração é das principais causas de morte no Estados Unidos1. Aproximadamente 800.000 americanos experimentam um primeiro ou recorrente do miocárdio (MI) por ano1. MI, na sequência da morte de cardiomyocytes (CMs) e Fibrose cardíaca, depositados por fibroblastos cardíacos registrados, afectar o coração função2,3. Progressão da insuficiência cardíaca após MI é em grande parte irreversível devido a pobre capacidade regenerativa do adulto CMs4,5. Enquanto atuais terapias clínicas retardar a progressão da doença e diminuem o risco de futuros eventos cardíacos6,7,8,9, sem terapias reverter a progressão da doença, devido à incapacidade de regenere o CMs pós-infarto10. Terapias celulares romance surgem para tratar pacientes seguindo mi decepcionante, ensaios clínicos, entregando as células-tronco para o coração após MI até agora mostraram-se inconclusivos regenerativo potencial11,12, 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18.
A geração de células-tronco pluripotentes induzidas humanos-derivado (hiPSCs) de fibroblastos pela superexpressão de quatro fatores de transcrição, primeiramente demonstrado por Takahashi & Yamanaka, abriu as portas para novos avanços na terapia de célula19. Estas células podem se diferenciar em todas as três camadas germinativas19, e vários métodos altamente eficientes para gerar um grande número de CMs têm demonstrados anteriormente20,21. HiPSC-derivado CMs (quadris-CMs) oferece uma plataforma poderosa para estudar cardiomyogenesis e pode ter implicações importantes para reparar o coração após lesão. No entanto, quadris-CMs atualmente enfrentam obstáculos translacionais devido a preocupações de teratoma formação22, e sua natureza imatura pode ser pro-arrhythmogenic23. Reprogramação de fibroblastos em hiPSCs despertou interesse em diretamente reprogramação de fibroblastos em outros tipos de células. Ieda et al demonstraram que superexpressão de GATA4, Mef2c e Tbx5 (GMT) em resultados de fibroblastos em reprogramação direta linhagem cardíaca, embora a baixa eficiência24. Reprogramação de eficiência foi melhorado com a adição de Hand2 (GHMT)25. Desde os primeiros estudos, muitas publicações têm demonstrado que, alterar o coquetel fator reprogramação com transcrição adicional fatores28,de27,26,29, cromatina modificadores30,31, microRNAs32,33ou34 leva à melhoria de moléculas pequenas reprogramação eficiência e/ou maturação das células de casos-como induzidas (iCMs ).
Aqui nós fornecemos um protocolo detalhado para gerar iCMs de fibroblastos embrionários de rato (MEFs) com alta eficiência. Anteriormente mostramos que o GHMT cocktail é significativamente melhorado com a adição de miR-1 e miR-133 (GHMT2m) e é melhorada quando pró-fibróticos inclusive transformar o fator de crescimento β (TGF-β) sinalização de vias de sinalização ou associadas a Rho vias de sinalização da proteína quinase (ROCK) são inibidas35. Usando este protocolo, mostramos que aproximadamente 60% das células express T de troponina cardíaca (miocardite), aproximadamente 50% express α-actinin, e um elevado número de células de batida pode ser observado logo em dia 11 transdução de reprogramação de fatores e o tratamento a seguir com o TGF-β tipo I inibidor do receptor A-83-01. Além disso, esses iCMs expressam proteínas de junção gap incluindo connexin 43 e apresentam contração espontânea e transientes de cálcio. Esta marcada melhoria na eficiência em comparação com estudos anteriores de reprogramação demonstra o potencial para regenerar CMs de populações de células endógeno que permanecem no infarto de pós coração.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1326">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">C57BL/6 Mice</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Charles River&#39;s Laboratory</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">027</td>
			<td style="width:667px;">For MEF isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Platinum E (PE) Cells</td>
			<td>Cell Biolabs, INC</td>
			<td>RV-101</td>
			<td>For retrovirus production</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM High Glucose</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>SH30022.FS</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Medium 199</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11150-059</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Gemini</td>
			<td>100106</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Donor Horse Serum</td>
			<td>Gemini</td>
			<td>100508 500</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">MEM Essential Amino Acids, 50X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11130051</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Sodium Pyruvate Solution, 100X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11360070</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media and for calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids, 100X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11140050</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">MEM Vitamin Solution, 100X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11120-052</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>41400045</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">B27</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Penicilin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">GlutaMAX (L-Glutamine Supplement)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blasticidin-HCl</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A11139-03</td>
			<td>Component of PE media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Puromycin dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A11138-03</td>
			<td>Component of PE media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">0.25% Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>For detaching cells from culture dishes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">A-83-01</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems - Tocris</td>
			<td>2939/10</td>
			<td>Treat cells to inhibit TGF-&#946; signaling - promotes high efficiecy reprogramming. Use at 0.5 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMSO</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>85190</td>
			<td>For dilution and storage of A-83-01 and component of Freeze Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SureCoat</td>
			<td>Cellutron</td>
			<td>SC-9035</td>
			<td>For coating dishes to plate MEFs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FuGENE 6 Transfection Reagent</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>E2692</td>
			<td>Transfection Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Opti-MEM Reduced Serum Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11058-021</td>
			<td>Transfection Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-GATA4</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-Hand2</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-Mef2c</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-Tbx5</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X miR-1</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X miR-133</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X GFP</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Polybrene (Hexadimethrine bromide)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H9268-5G</td>
			<td>For viral induction. Use at a concentration of 6 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Vacuum Filter + bottles (0.22 &#181;m pores)</td>
			<td>Nalgene</td>
			<td>&#160;569-0020&#160;</td>
			<td>For filtering media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringes</td>
			<td>Bd Vacutainer Labware&#160;</td>
			<td>309654</td>
			<td>For viral filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.45 &#181;m Filters</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229749</td>
			<td>For viral filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">70 &#181;m cell strainers</td>
			<td>Falcon&#160;</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td>For MEF isolation and Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Cytofix/Cytoperm Solution</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554722</td>
			<td>For fixation and permeabilization of cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">perm/wash buffer&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554723</td>
			<td>For washing cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DPBS 1X</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-250</td>
			<td>For washing cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>0332-100g</td>
			<td>For flow cytometry and calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Goat Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td>G9023</td>
			<td>For blocking cells for Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Donkey Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D9663-10mg</td>
			<td>For blocking cells for Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Troponin T</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>ms-295-p</td>
			<td>1:400 IF, 1:200 Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse &#945;-actinin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A7811L</td>
			<td>1:400 IF, 1:200 Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rabbit Connexin 43</td>
			<td>Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td>C6219</td>
			<td>1:400 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rabbit Troponin I</td>
			<td>PhosphoSolutions</td>
			<td>2010-TNI</td>
			<td>1:400 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hoechst</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>62249</td>
			<td>1:10000 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 488, rabbit</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11034</td>
			<td>1:800 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 555, mouse</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-21422</td>
			<td>1:800 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 647, mouse</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-31571</td>
			<td>1:200 Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">27-color ZE5 Flow Cytometer&#160;</td>
			<td>Bio-RAD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>P6148-500mg</td>
			<td>For fixing cells for IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>H5142</td>
			<td>For permeabilization of cells for IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EVOS&#8482; FL Color Imaging System</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>AMEFC4300</td>
			<td>For IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>RPI</td>
			<td>S23020-5000</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>395</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>C614-500</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>97061-352</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">glucose</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>G7528-250g</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>H4034-500g</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fura-2 AM</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>F1221</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fluronic F-127</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P2443-250g</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nifedipine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N7634-1G</td>
			<td>For disruption calcium transients in iCMs - use at 10 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Isoproterenol</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>I6504-1g</td>
			<td>For increasing number of calcium transients in iCMs - use at 1-2 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Marianas Spinning Disk Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>3i</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon Laboratories</td>
			<td>2801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">bleach</td>
			<td>Clorox</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>188271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 cm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10 cm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">60 mm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>628160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">6 well cell culture plates</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>657160&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">12 well cell culture plates</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>665180&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">24 well cell culture plates</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>662160&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

suppression of pro-fibrotic signaling potentiates factor-mediated reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes

Trans-diferenciação do tipo de uma célula somática em outro tem um enorme potencial para modelar e tratar doenças humanas. Estudos anteriores mostraram esse rato embrionárias, fibroblastos dérmicos e cardíacos podem ser reprogramados em células-induzida-casos-como funcionais (iCMs) pela superexpressão de fatores de transcrição cardiogênico incluindo GATA4, Hand2, Mef2c, e Tbx5 tanto in vitro e in vivo. No entanto, esses estudos anteriores têm mostrado eficiência relativamente baixa. A fim de restaurar a função cardíaca após lesão, os mecanismos que regem a reprogramação cardíaca devem ser elucidados para aumentar a eficiência e a maturação de iCMs.
Demonstramos anteriormente que a inibição da sinalização pró-fibróticos dramaticamente aumenta a eficiência de reprogramação. Aqui, detalhamos os métodos para alcançar uma eficiência de reprogramação de até 60%. Além disso, descrevemos vários métodos, incluindo citometria de fluxo, imunofluorescência imagem e imagem latente de cálcio para quantificar a reprogramação eficiência e maturação dos fibroblastos reprogramadas. Usando o protocolo detalhado aqui, podem ser realizados estudos mecanicistas para determinar os reguladores positivos e negativos de reprogramação cardíaca. Estes estudos podem identificar caminhos de sinalização que podem ser direcionados para promover a reprogramação eficiência e maturação, o que poderia levar a terapias celulares novela para tratar a doença de coração humana.

Usando a estratégia de reprogramação descrita acima e na figura 1B, geramos iCMs com aproximadamente 70% das células expressando T de troponina cardíaca e aproximadamente 55% das células expressando cardíaca α-actinin, quantificada por citometria de fluxo no dia 9 transdução de GHMT2m a seguir (Figura 2A e B). Além disso, a maioria das células express cardíaca troponina T, troponina e α-actinin card...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes at JoVE.com

Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes

Aqui nós apresentamos um método robusto para reprogramar fibroblastos embrionários primários em cardiomyocytes funcional através de superexpressão de GATA4 Hand2, Mef2c, Tbx5, miR-1 e miR-133 (GHMT2m) juntamente com a inibição da sinalização do TGF-β. Nosso protocolo gera cardiomyocytes bater tão cedo quanto pós-transdução de 7 dias com até 60% eficiência.

Supressão de sinalização pró-fibróticos potencializa mediada por fator de reprogramação de fibroblastos embrionários de rato em Cardiomyocytes induzida

Trans-differentiation of one somatic cell type into another has enormous potential to model and treat human diseases. Previous studies have shown that ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Stable and Efficient Genetic Modification of Cells in the Adult Mouse V-SVZ for the Analysis of Neural Stem Cell Autonomous and Non-autonomous Effects

Estável e eficiente modificação genética de células do rato adulto V-SVZ para a Análise da Neural Stem Cell Autónoma e Efeitos não autónomos

Relatively quiescent somatic stem cells support life-long cell renewal in most adult tissues. Neural stem cells in the adult mammalian brain are ...

Biologia do Desenvolvimento

Improved Generation of Induced Cardiomyocytes Using a Polycistronic Construct Expressing Optimal Ratio of Gata4, Mef2c and Tbx5

Melhoria Geração de Induced Cardiomyocytes utilizando uma construção policistrónico Expressando proporção ideal de GATA4, MEF2C e Tbx5

Direct conversion of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs) holds great potential for regenerative medicine by offering alternative ...

Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts into Trophoblast Stem Cells

Protocolo para a conversão directa de murino embrionárias fibroblastos em células-tronco trofoblásticas

Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) arise as a consequence of the first cell fate decision in mammalian development. They can be cultured in vitro, retaining ...

Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with Transcription Factors to Induce a Hemogenic Program

Reprogramação do rato embrionárias fibroblastos com Fatores de transcrição para induzir um Programa hegemônicos

This protocol details the induction of a hemogenic program in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) via overexpression of transcription factors (TFs). We ...

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

Estimulação da sinalização Notch no mouse osteoclastos Precursores

Notch signaling is a key component of multiple physiological and pathological processes. The nature of Notch signaling, however, makes in vitro ...

Assessing Cardiomyocyte Subtypes Following Transcription Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts

Avaliando cardiomiócitos subtipos Seguindo Reprogramação Fator de Transcrição mediada por embrionárias de camundongos Fibroblastos

Direct reprogramming of one cell type into another has recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and lineage ...

Analysis of Retinoic Acid-induced Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Two and Three-dimensional Embryoid Bodies

Análise do induzida por ácido retinóico Neural diferenciação de células estaminais embrionárias rato em corpos embrióides Dois e tridimensionais

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) isolated from the inner mass of the blastocyst (typically at day E3.5), can be used as in vitro model system for ...

Dissection and Culture of Mouse Embryonic Kidney

Dissecção e cultura do rim embrionário do rato

The goal of this protocol is to describe a method for the dissection, isolation, and culture of mouse metanephric rudiments. 
During mammalian kidney ...

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle

Evaluation of Injury-induced Senescence and In Vivo Reprogramming in the Skeletal Muscle

Avaliação da senescência induzida por lesão e na Vivo reprogramação no músculo esquelético

Cellular senescence is a stress response that is characterized by a stable cellular growth arrest, which is important for many physiological and ...

Direct Lineage Reprogramming of Adult Mouse Fibroblast to Erythroid Progenitors

Direto de linhagem reprogramação de fibroblastos de rato adulto de progenitores eritroide

Erythroid cell commitment and differentiation proceed through activation of a lineage-restricted transcriptional network orchestrated by a group of cell ...