Name: suppression of pro-fibrotic signaling potentiates factor-mediated reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes
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Bu araştırma fonları programdan Boettcher Vakfı'nın Webb Waring Biyomedikal araştırma, Amerikan Kalp Derneği Bilim adamı kalkınma hibe (13SDG17400031), Colorado Üniversitesi Tıp üstün erken kariyer bölümü tarafından desteklenen Akademik Program, University of Colorado bölümü Kardiyoloji Barlow Nyle bağış ve NIH R01HL133230 (KS için). Fibrozis araştırma ve çeviri (CFReT) için A.S.R NIH/NCATS Colorado CTSA Grant numarası TL1TR001081 ve Colorado Üniversitesi Konsorsiyumu bir önceden Doktora Bursu tarafından desteklenmiştir. Bu araştırma da kanser merkezi destek Grant (P30CA046934), cilt hastalıkları araştırma çekirdek Grant (P30AR057212) ve akış sitometresi özünde Colorado Üniversitesi Anschutz tıbbi kampüs tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Tüm deneylerin hayvanlar gerektiren kurumsal hayvan bakım ve UC Denver Anschutz tıbbi kampüs kullanımı Komitesi tarafından kabul edildi.
1. MEFs yalıtım
<ol><li>C57BL/6 hamile fareler E13, Satın almak. Gecede gemi.</li>
	<li>Onaylı IACUC protokolleri göre anne ötenazi (ex: ~1.3 hayvan ölü görünene kadar L/dak CO2 izledi tarafından servikal çıkığı)</li>
	<li>Annesi % 70 etanol ile sprey ve karın boşluğu açın. Embriyo içeren rahim boynuz kaldırmak ve st...

<ol>
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Bu da çalışmanın doğrudan fibroblastlar teslim GHMT2m pro-fibrotik sinyal yolları bastırılması ile kombine faktörlerin yeniden programlama yoluyla fonksiyonel ICMS içine yeniden programlamak için yüksek verimli strateji özetliyor. Kullanarak akış sitometresi, immünfloresan görüntüleme, görüntüleme ve hücre sayımları, bu protokol için hücreleri çoğunluğu gösterdiğimiz yenerek kalsiyum başarılı yeniden programlama gösterip CM lineage kader. Biz daha önce anti-fibrotik ek maddeler ve bi...

İskemik kalp hastalığı, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri1ölüm önde gelen nedenidir. Yaklaşık 800.000 Amerikalılar bir ilk veya yineleyen miyokard infarktüsü (mı) başına yıl1deneyim. MI, ölüm cardiomyocytes (CMs) ve kardiyak fibrozis, aktif kardiyak fibroblastlar tarafından tevdi zarar kalp fonksiyonu2,3. Kalp yetmezliği MI takip ilerlemesini büyük ölçüde yetişkin CMs4,5zavallı yeniden üretim kapasitesi nedeniyle edilemez. Geçerli klinik Tedaviler hastalığın ilerlemesini yavaşlatmak ve gelecekteki kardiyak olaylar6,7,8,9tehlikesini azaltmak iken, hiçbir Tedaviler hastalığın ilerleme yetersizlik nedeniyle ters CMs sonrası infarktüsü10yeniden. Roman hücre tedavileri MI. Disappointingly takip hastaları tedavi etmek için ortaya çıkıyor, klinik kök hücre MI şu ana kadar takip kalp teslim sonuçsuz rejeneratif potansiyel11,12, göstermiştir 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18.
İnsan kaynaklı indüklenmiş pluripotent kök hücre (hiPSCs) fibroblastlar tarafından overexpression ilk Takahashi & Yamanaka, tarafından gösterilen dört transkripsiyon faktörlerin nesil hücre terapisi19' yeni buluşlar için kapıyı açtı. Bu hücreler tüm üç germ katmanları19ayırt edebilir ve daha önce20,21gösterilen CMs çok sayıda oluşturmak için çeşitli yüksek verimli Yöntemler. CMs (kalça-CMs) HiPSC elde edilen cardiomyogenesis çalışmak için güçlü bir platform sunmaktadır ve yaralanma aşağıdaki kalp onarmak için önemli etkileri olabilir. Ancak, kalça-CMs Şu anda translasyonel Engelli teratoma oluşumu22kaygılar nedeniyle yüz ve olgunlaşmamış doğaları pro-Aritmojenik23olabilir. Fibroblastlar hiPSCs yeniden şekillendirmek için doğrudan fibroblastlar diğer hücre türleri yeniden şekillendirmek için ilgi yol açtı. Ieda ve ark. düşük verimlilik24de olsa bu overexpression GATA4, Mef2c ve Tbx5 (GMT) doğrudan kalp soy, yeniden programlama içinde fibroblastlar sonuçlarında gösterdi. Verimliliği yeniden programlama Hand2 (GHMT)25eklenmesi ile geliştirildi. Beri erken bu çalışmalar, birçok yayın programlama faktörü kokteyl ek transkripsiyon ile değiştirme26,27,28,29faktörler göstermiştir, Kromatin değiştiriciler30,31, mikroRNA32,33veya34 geliştirilmiş yol açan küçük moleküller verimliliği ve/veya indüklenen cardiomyocyte benzeri hücreler (ICMS olgunlaşma yeniden programlama ).
Burada ICMS fare embriyonik fibroblastlar (MEFs) ile yüksek verimlilik oluşturmak için ayrıntılı bir protokol sağlar. Biz daha önce kokteyl GHMT miR-1 ve miR-133 (GHMT2m) eklenmesi ile belirgin bir biçimde iyileştirilmiş ve daha fazla artırıldı pro-fibrotik büyüme faktörü β (TGF-β) sinyal dönüştürme de dahil olmak üzere yolları sinyal veya Rho ilişkili gösterdi Inhibe35protein kinaz (ROCK) sinyal yolları vardır. Bu iletişim kuralını kullanan, biz hücreleri yaklaşık % 60'ı kardiyak Troponin T (cTnT) hızlı, yaklaşık % 50 α-Aktinin hızlı ve dayak hücre sayısının yüksek olduğu gün 11 faktörler ve tedavi yeniden programlama, iletim takip erken görülebilir göstermek TGF-β ile ben reseptör inhibitörü A-83-01 yazın. Ayrıca, bu ICMS gap junction proteinler connexin 43 de dahil olmak üzere hızlı ve kendiliğinden kasılma ve kalsiyum geçişler sergilemek. Bu önceki çalışmalara göre verimliliği yeniden programlama düzelme işaretlenmiş CMs kalp sonrası infarktüsü kalır endojen hücre popülasyonlarının üzerinden yeniden oluşturmak için potansiyel gösteriyor.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1326">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">C57BL/6 Mice</td>
			<td style="width:197px;">Charles River&#39;s Laboratory</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">027</td>
			<td style="width:667px;">For MEF isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Platinum E (PE) Cells</td>
			<td>Cell Biolabs, INC</td>
			<td>RV-101</td>
			<td>For retrovirus production</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM High Glucose</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>SH30022.FS</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Medium 199</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11150-059</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Gemini</td>
			<td>100106</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Donor Horse Serum</td>
			<td>Gemini</td>
			<td>100508 500</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">MEM Essential Amino Acids, 50X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11130051</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Sodium Pyruvate Solution, 100X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11360070</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media and for calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">MEM Non-Essential Amino Acids, 100X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11140050</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">MEM Vitamin Solution, 100X</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>11120-052</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>41400045</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">B27</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td>Component of iCM media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Penicilin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">GlutaMAX (L-Glutamine Supplement)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>35050-061</td>
			<td>Component of iCM, PE, and Growth media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blasticidin-HCl</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A11139-03</td>
			<td>Component of PE media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Puromycin dihydrochloride</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A11138-03</td>
			<td>Component of PE media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">0.25% Trypsin/EDTA</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td>For detaching cells from culture dishes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">A-83-01</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems - Tocris</td>
			<td>2939/10</td>
			<td>Treat cells to inhibit TGF-&#946; signaling - promotes high efficiecy reprogramming. Use at 0.5 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMSO</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>85190</td>
			<td>For dilution and storage of A-83-01 and component of Freeze Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SureCoat</td>
			<td>Cellutron</td>
			<td>SC-9035</td>
			<td>For coating dishes to plate MEFs</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FuGENE 6 Transfection Reagent</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>E2692</td>
			<td>Transfection Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Opti-MEM Reduced Serum Media</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11058-021</td>
			<td>Transfection Reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-GATA4</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-Hand2</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-Mef2c</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X Myc-Tbx5</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X miR-1</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X miR-133</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pBabe-X GFP</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Plasmid containing reprogramming factor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Polybrene (Hexadimethrine bromide)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H9268-5G</td>
			<td>For viral induction. Use at a concentration of 6 &#181;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Vacuum Filter + bottles (0.22 &#181;m pores)</td>
			<td>Nalgene</td>
			<td>&#160;569-0020&#160;</td>
			<td>For filtering media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringes</td>
			<td>Bd Vacutainer Labware&#160;</td>
			<td>309654</td>
			<td>For viral filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.45 &#181;m Filters</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229749</td>
			<td>For viral filtration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">70 &#181;m cell strainers</td>
			<td>Falcon&#160;</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td>For MEF isolation and Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:352px;">Cytofix/Cytoperm Solution</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554722</td>
			<td>For fixation and permeabilization of cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">perm/wash buffer&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>554723</td>
			<td>For washing cells for flow cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DPBS 1X</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14190-250</td>
			<td>For washing cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>0332-100g</td>
			<td>For flow cytometry and calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Goat Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td>G9023</td>
			<td>For blocking cells for Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Donkey Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D9663-10mg</td>
			<td>For blocking cells for Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Troponin T</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>ms-295-p</td>
			<td>1:400 IF, 1:200 Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse &#945;-actinin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A7811L</td>
			<td>1:400 IF, 1:200 Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rabbit Connexin 43</td>
			<td>Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td>C6219</td>
			<td>1:400 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rabbit Troponin I</td>
			<td>PhosphoSolutions</td>
			<td>2010-TNI</td>
			<td>1:400 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hoechst</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>62249</td>
			<td>1:10000 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 488, rabbit</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11034</td>
			<td>1:800 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 555, mouse</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-21422</td>
			<td>1:800 IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alexa 647, mouse</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-31571</td>
			<td>1:200 Flow Cytometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">27-color ZE5 Flow Cytometer&#160;</td>
			<td>Bio-RAD</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For FACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>P6148-500mg</td>
			<td>For fixing cells for IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>H5142</td>
			<td>For permeabilization of cells for IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EVOS&#8482; FL Color Imaging System</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>AMEFC4300</td>
			<td>For IF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>RPI</td>
			<td>S23020-5000</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>395</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>C614-500</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>97061-352</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">glucose</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>G7528-250g</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>H4034-500g</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fura-2 AM</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>F1221</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fluronic F-127</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P2443-250g</td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nifedipine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N7634-1G</td>
			<td>For disruption calcium transients in iCMs - use at 10 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Isoproterenol</td>
			<td>sigma</td>
			<td>I6504-1g</td>
			<td>For increasing number of calcium transients in iCMs - use at 1-2 &#181;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Marianas Spinning Disk Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>3i</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For calcium imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon Laboratories</td>
			<td>2801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">bleach</td>
			<td>Clorox</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>227261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>188271</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 cm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10 cm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">60 mm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>628160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">6 well cell culture plates</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>657160&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">12 well cell culture plates</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>665180&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">24 well cell culture plates</td>
			<td>GREINER BIO-ONE</td>
			<td>662160&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

suppression of pro-fibrotic signaling potentiates factor-mediated reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes

Trans-bir somatik hücre türü başka bir farklılaşma modellemek ve insan hastalıkları tedavi etmek için büyük potansiyele sahiptir. Önceki çalışmalar göstermiştir bu fare embriyonik, dermal ve kardiyak fibroblastlar fonksiyonel indüklenen-cardiomyocyte-benzeri hücreler (ICMS) reprogrammed kardiyojenik transkripsiyon faktörleri de dahil olmak üzere GATA4, Hand2, Mef2c, overexpression ve Tbx5 vitro ve içinde vivo. Ancak, bu önceki çalışmalar nispeten düşük verimlilik göstermiştir. Yaralanma aşağıdaki kalp işlevi geri yüklemek için kalp yeniden programlama yöneten mekanizmaları verimliliği ve olgunlaşma ICMS artırmak için aydınlatılmamıştır gerekir.
Biz daha önce büyük ölçüde pro-fibrotik sinyal inhibisyon programlama verimliliği artar gösterdi. Burada, biz % 60 kadar programlama verimliliğini elde etmek için yöntemleri ayrıntılı olarak. Ayrıca, akış sitometresi, immünfloresan görüntüleme ve kalsiyum görüntüleme programlama verimliliği ve programlanmış fibroblastlar olgunlaşma ölçmek için de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli yöntemler açıklanmaktadır. Burada ayrıntılı iletişim kuralını kullanarak, mekanik çalışmaları kalp yeniden programlama, pozitif ve negatif düzenleyiciler belirlemek için üstlenilen. Bu çalışmalar programlama verimliliği ve olgunlaşma, roman hücre tedavilere insan kalp hastalığı tedavi etmek için neden olabilir tanıtmak için hedef sinyal yolları tespit edebilir.

Yukarıda ve Şekil 1Bözetlenen programlama stratejisi kullanarak, biz ICMS yaklaşık %70 kardiyak Troponin T ifade hücre ve kardiyak α-Aktinin, akış sitometresi gün 9 tarafından sayısal ifade hücreleri yaklaşık % 55'i ile oluşturulan GHMT2m iletim takip (Şekil 2A ve B). Ayrıca, Hızlı hücre çoğunluğu kardiyak Troponin T, Troponin ı ve kardiyak α-Aktinin yanı sıra gün 14 iletim (<strong c...

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Suppression of Pro-fibrotic Signaling Potentiates Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts into Induced Cardiomyocytes

Burada birincil embriyonik fibroblastlar içine fonksiyonel cardiomyocytes overexpression GATA4, Hand2, Mef2c, Tbx5, miR-1 ve miR-133, TGF-β sinyal inhibisyon yanında (GHMT2m) aracılığıyla yeniden programlamak için sağlam bir yöntem mevcut. Bizim iletişim kuralı dayak cardiomyocytes 7 gün sonrası iletim % 60 ile olduğu kadar erken oluşturur verimlilik.

Pro-fibrotik sinyal bastırma faktörü-aracılı fare embriyonik fibroblastlar indüklenen Cardiomyocytes yeniden programlama Potentiates

Trans-differentiation of one somatic cell type into another has enormous potential to model and treat human diseases. Previous studies have shown that ...

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