Name: multi-color localization microscopy of single membrane proteins in organelles of live mammalian cells
Uploaded: 2018-06-30T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells at JoVE.com

作者要感谢 Osnabrück 大学生物物理小组和雅各 Piehler 不断的支持, Wladislaw 科尔的技术援助和材料的制备, 以及 CellNanOs 板提供显微镜供使用。该项目由 SFB 944 资助。

以下议定书遵循地方机构研究道德委员会的准则。
1. 方法
<ol><li>
细胞培养
	<ol>
<li>培养细胞, 例如 HeLa 细胞 (人宫颈癌), 在一个 T25 细胞培养瓶包含5毫升生长培养基在37°c 和 5% CO2。 注: 用于成像, 将单元格拆分到准备好的盖玻片 (参见步骤1.3 和 1.4) 并保持成像介质。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
细胞转染 注: 使用细胞线稳定地表达标记的蛋白质, ?...

<ol>
	<li>Appelhans, T., Richter, C., Wilkens, V., Hess, S., Piehler, J., Busch, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoscale+organization+of+mitochondrial+microcompartments+revealed+by+combining+tracking+and+localization+microscopy.">Nanoscale organization of mitochondrial microcompartments revealed by combining tracking and localization microscopy.</a> Nano Letters. 12 (2), 610-616 (2012).</li><li>Appelhans, T., Busch, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+Molecule+Tracking+and+Localization+of+Mitochondrial+Protein+Complexes+in+Live+Cells.">Single Molecule Tracking and Localization of Mitochondrial Protein Complexes in Live Cells.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1567, 273-291 (2017).</li><li>Rust, M. J., Bates, M., Zhuang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sub-diffraction-limit+imaging+by+stochastic+optical+reconstruction+microscopy+(STORM).">Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM).</a> Nat Methods. 3 (10), 793-795 (2006).</li><li>Gould, T. J., Verkhusha, V. V., Hess, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+biological+structures+with+fluorescence+photoactivation+localization+microscopy.">Imaging biological structures with fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy.</a> Nat Protoc. 4 (3), 291-308 (2009).</li><li>Pennacchietti, F., Gould, T. J., Hess, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Role+of+Probe+Photophysics+in+Localization-Based+Superresolution+Microscopy.">The Role of Probe Photophysics in Localization-Based Superresolution Microscopy.</a> Biophys J. 113 (9), 2037-2054 (2017).</li><li>Wegel, E., G&#246;hler, A., Lagerholm, B. C., Wainman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+cellular+structures+in+super-resolution+with+SIM,+STED+and+Localisation+Microscopy:+A+practical+comparison.">Imaging cellular structures in super-resolution with SIM, STED and Localisation Microscopy: A practical comparison.</a> Scientific reports. , (2016).</li><li>Pellett, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-color+STED+microscopy+in+living+cells.">Two-color STED microscopy in living cells.</a> Biomedical Optics Express. 2 (8), (2011).</li><li>Ishigaki, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=STED+super-resolution+imaging+of+mitochondria+labeled+with+TMRM+in+living+cells.">STED super-resolution imaging of mitochondria labeled with TMRM in living cells.</a> Mitochondrion. 28, 79 (2016).</li><li>Liss, V., Barlag, B., Nietschke, M., Hensel, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-labelling+enzymes+as+universal+tags+for+fluorescence+microscopy,+super-resolution+microscopy+and+electron+microscopy.">Self-labelling enzymes as universal tags for fluorescence microscopy, super-resolution microscopy and electron microscopy.</a> Scientific Reports. 5, 17740 (2015).</li><li>Serg&#233;, A., Bertaux, N., Rigneault, H., Marguet, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+multiple-target+tracing+to+probe+spatiotemporal+cartography+of+cell+membranes.">Dynamic multiple-target tracing to probe spatiotemporal cartography of cell membranes.</a> Nat Methods. 5 (8), (2008).</li><li>Appelhans, T., Busch, K. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+imaging+of+mitochondrial+membrane+proteins+in+specific+sub-organelle+membrane+locations.">Dynamic imaging of mitochondrial membrane proteins in specific sub-organelle membrane locations.</a> Biophysical reviews. 9 (4), 345-352 (2017).</li><li>Wilmes, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Triple-color+super-resolution+imaging+of+live+cells:+resolving+submicroscopic+receptor+organization+in+the+plasma+membrane.">Triple-color super-resolution imaging of live cells: resolving submicroscopic receptor organization in the plasma membrane.</a> Angewandte Chemie. 51 (20), 4868-4871 (2012).</li><li>Niewidok, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-molecule+imaging+reveals+dynamic+biphasic+partition+of+RNA-binding+proteins+in+stress+granules.">Single-molecule imaging reveals dynamic biphasic partition of RNA-binding proteins in stress granules.</a> J Cell Biol. , (2018).</li><li>Wurm, C. A., Jakobs, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+protein+distributions+define+two+sub-compartments+of+the+mitochondrial+inner+membrane+in+yeast.">Differential protein distributions define two sub-compartments of the mitochondrial inner membrane in yeast.</a> FEBS Lett. 580 (24), 5628-5634 (2006).</li><li>Schmidt, R., Wurm, C. A., Punge, A., Egner, A., Jakobs, S., Hell, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+cristae+revealed+with+focused+light.">Mitochondrial cristae revealed with focused light.</a> Nano Lett. 9 (6), 2508-2510 (2009).</li><li>Kukat, C., Wurm, C. A., Spahr, H., Falkenberg, M., Larsson, N. G., Jakobs, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Super-resolution+microscopy+reveals+that+mammalian+mitochondrial+nucleoids+have+a+uniform+size+and+frequently+contain+a+single+copy+of+mtDNA.">Super-resolution microscopy reveals that mammalian mitochondrial nucleoids have a uniform size and frequently contain a single copy of mtDNA.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (33), 13534-13539 (2011).</li><li>Beinlich, F., Drees, C., Piehler, J., Busch, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shuttling+of+PINK1+between+Mitochondrial+Microcompartments+Resolved+by+Triple-Color+Superresolution+Microscopy.">Shuttling of PINK1 between Mitochondrial Microcompartments Resolved by Triple-Color Superresolution Microscopy.</a> ACS chemical biology. 10 (9), 1970-1976 (2015).</li><li>Shim, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Super-resolution+fluorescence+imaging+of+organelles+in+live+cells+with+photoswitchable+membrane+probes.">Super-resolution fluorescence imaging of organelles in live cells with photoswitchable membrane probes.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (35), 13978-13983 (2012).</li><li>Sbalzarini, I., Mezzacasa, A., Helenius, A., Koumoutsakos, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+Organelle+Shape+on+Fluorescence+Recovery+after+Photobleaching.">Effects of Organelle Shape on Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching.</a> Biophysical Journal. 89 (3), 1482-1492 (2005).</li><li>Reits, E., Neefjes, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+fixed+to+FRAP:+measuring+protein+mobility+and+activity+in+living+cells.">From fixed to FRAP: measuring protein mobility and activity in living cells.</a> Nature Cell Biology. 3 (6), E145-E147 (2001).</li><li>Goehring, N., Chowdhury, D., Hyman, A., Grill, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FRAP+Analysis+of+Membrane-Associated+Proteins:+Lateral+Diffusion+and+Membrane-Cytoplasmic+Exchange.">FRAP Analysis of Membrane-Associated Proteins: Lateral Diffusion and Membrane-Cytoplasmic Exchange.</a> Biophysical Journal. 99 (8), 2443-2452 (2010).</li><li>Bacia, K., Haustein, E., Schwille, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+correlation+spectroscopy:+principles+and+applications.">Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: principles and applications.</a> Cold Spring Harbor protocols. 2014 (7), 709-725 (2014).</li><li>Sukhorukov, V., Dikov, D., Busch, K., Strecker, V., Wittig, I., Bereiter-Hahn, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+protein+mobility+in+mitochondrial+membranes+of+living+cells.">Determination of protein mobility in mitochondrial membranes of living cells.</a> Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1798 (11), 2022-2032 (2010).</li><li>Kim, T. K., Eberwine, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mammalian+cell+transfection:+the+present+and+the+future.">Mammalian cell transfection: the present and the future.</a> Anal Bioanal Chem. 397 (8), 3173-3178 (2010).</li><li>Graham, F. L., van der Eb, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+technique+for+the+assay+of+infectivity+of+human+adenovirus+5+DNA.">A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA.</a> Virology. 52 (2), 456-467 (1973).</li><li>Wedeking, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporally+Controlled+Reorganization+of+Signaling+Complexes+in+the+Plasma+Membrane+of+Living+Cells.">Spatiotemporally Controlled Reorganization of Signaling Complexes in the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells.</a> Small. 11 (44), 5912-5918 (2015).</li><li>Mironov, S. L., Ivannikov, M. V., Johansson, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=[Ca2+]i+signaling+between+mitochondria+and+endoplasmic+reticulum+in+neurons+is+regulated+by+microtubules.+From+mitochondrial+permeability+transition+pore+to+Ca2+-induced+Ca2++release.">[Ca2+]i signaling between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in neurons is regulated by microtubules. From mitochondrial permeability transition pore to Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release.</a> J Biol Chem. 280 (1), 715-721 (2005).</li><li>Poot, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+mitochondrial+morphology+and+function+with+novel+fixable+fluorescent+stains.">Analysis of mitochondrial morphology and function with novel fixable fluorescent stains.</a> J Histochem Cytochem. 44 (12), 1363-1372 (1996).</li><li>Tokunaga, M., Imamoto, N., Sakata-Sogawa, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+inclined+thin+illumination+enables+clear+single-molecule+imaging+in+cells+(vol+5,+pg+159).">Highly inclined thin illumination enables clear single-molecule imaging in cells (vol 5, pg 159).</a> Nature Methods. 5 (5), 455 (2008).</li><li>Elmokadem, A., Yu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimal+Drift+Correction+for+Superresolution+Localization+Microscopy+with+Bayesian+Inference.">Optimal Drift Correction for Superresolution Localization Microscopy with Bayesian Inference.</a> Biophys J. 109 (9), 1772-1780 (2015).</li><li>Barlag, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+molecule+super-resolution+imaging+of+proteins+in+living+Salmonella+enterica+using+self-labelling+enzymes.">Single molecule super-resolution imaging of proteins in living Salmonella enterica using self-labelling enzymes.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 31601 (2016).</li><li>Tokunaga, M., Imamoto, N., Sakata-Sogawa, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+inclined+thin+illumination+enables+clear+single-molecule+imaging+in+cells.">Highly inclined thin illumination enables clear single-molecule imaging in cells.</a> Nature Methods. 5 (2), 159-161 (2008).</li><li>Mortensen, K. I., Churchman, L. S., Spudich, J. A., Flyvbjerg, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+localization+analysis+for+single-molecule+tracking+and+super-resolution+microscopy.">Optimized localization analysis for single-molecule tracking and super-resolution microscopy.</a> Nat Methods. 7 (5), 377-381 (2010).</li><li>Jin, S., Youle, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PINK1-+and+Parkin-Mediated+Mitophagy+at+a+Glance.">PINK1- and Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy at a Glance.</a> Journal of Cell Science. 125, 795-799 (2013).</li><li>Yamano, K., Youle, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PINK1+is+degraded+through+the+N-end+rule+pathway.">PINK1 is degraded through the N-end rule pathway.</a> Autophagy. 9 (11), 1758-1758 (2013).</li><li>Wiedemann, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Machinery+for+protein+sorting+and+assembly+in+the+mitochondrial+outer+membrane.">Machinery for protein sorting and assembly in the mitochondrial outer membrane.</a> Nature. 424 (6948), 565-571 (2003).</li><li>Thompson, R., Larson, D., Webb, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Precise+Nanometer+Localization+Analysis+for+Individual+Fluorescent+Probes.">Precise Nanometer Localization Analysis for Individual Fluorescent Probes.</a> Biophysical Journal. 82 (5), 2775-2783 (2002).</li></ol>

本文提出了一种移动膜蛋白双色单分子定位技术。根据该协议, 膜蛋白被融合到自我标记的蛋白质, 与罗丹明染料的反应, 和先生共轭他们各自的基质。罗丹明染料是明亮和 photostable, 从而允许重复成像1。为了取得成功, 必须牢记几个条件和关键主题。
首先, 选择适当的过滤器和分配器, 以便将其信号与船长分开是很重要的。为了减少细胞外的背景, 盖玻片的 pr...

本协议的目标是提供一种成像方法来定位和跟踪活细胞内的单膜蛋白。我们称这种方法跟踪和定位显微镜 (TALM)1,2。像随机光学重建显微镜 (风暴)3和荧光 Photoactivation 定位显微镜 ((F) 棕榈)4,5, TALM 是一个单一的分子为基础的荧光定位技术。然而, 这是不同的方式, 膜蛋白的流动性与重复成像的同一标记分子在不同的位置显示的 microcompartment, 可用于移动蛋白。换句话说, 蛋白质的可能的定位由细胞器的建筑学和由蛋白质1的流动性设置。该方法是互补的其他各种超分辨率技术6,7,8 , 因为它揭示了定位和弹道图的图像移动蛋白。标签是基于使用的基因工程融合蛋白本身是非荧光的。这些融合蛋白是自我标记的酶, 反应共价键与基体共轭染料。该程序具有标记度可由添加基板的数量控制的优点。此外, 它允许改变荧光的颜色, 取决于所选的共轭染料。几个自我标记酵素标记是可利用的9。使用自标记酶标签的另一个好处是, 共轭染料通常比荧光蛋白更稳定和明亮1 , 因此, 单个蛋白质可以记录更长更精确, 直到它们被漂白。这允许记录移动蛋白的轨迹和扩散系数的提取10,11。
在这里, 我们展示了 TALM 线粒体膜蛋白的可行性, 但它也可以应用于其他细胞内和外膜蛋白, 包括不同的细胞类型12,13。我们表明, 多色 TALM 进一步允许在不同 subcompartments 中的蛋白质同时区别于现有超分辨率荧光显微技术14,15, 16. TALM 与活细胞成像17兼容。所选 rhodamines 四甲基罗丹明和硅 Rhodamien (SiR) 的光物理, 特别是它们的亮度和稳定性, 允许在提供定位 (和轨迹) 图的多个帧上记录单个膜蛋白。然而, 由于运动模糊度太高, 且每帧采集的光子过低, 无法进行适当的定位, TALM 对高扩散系数可溶性蛋白的定位有限。此外, TALM 需要较少的励磁功率比例如风暴或被刺激的尾气损耗 (STED) 显微镜6,7, 减少光毒性作用。这是重要的, 因为光毒性重音经常影响 organellar 形态学18和因而机动性分析19。总之, 我们提出多色 TALM 在活细胞作为一种技术, 填补了本地化显微镜方法风暴/STED/(F) 棕榈和技术, 分析蛋白质的流动性, 如荧光恢复后漂白 (酶)20 ,21, 荧光相关光谱学 (FCS)22, 和荧光交叉相关光谱学 (FCCS)11,23。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr >
			<td >(2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-ethanesulfonic acid, 1 M) (HEPES)</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#1104E</td>
			<td ></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >DC1: Dichroid beam splitter&#160;</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td>640 dcxr</td>
			<td>NC506031</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >DC2: Polychroic Mirror, beamsplitter</td>
			<td >Chroma</td>
			<td>zt405/488/561/640rpc</td>
			<td>discontinued</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Dulbecco&#180;s Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) 1x (w/o Ca &#38; Mg)</td>
			<td >Sigma-Aldrich &#38; Co.</td>
			<td >#RNBF8311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Earle&#180;s MEM without phenol red, without L-Glutamine and without NaHCO3 containing 1% FBS, 0.1% HEPES, 0.1% NEAA, 0.1% Alanyl-L-Glutamine and 34.78% sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3 0.75g/l)</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Imaging medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Earle&#180;s minimum essential medium (MEM) with phenol red, containing 1% Fetal Bovine Serum Superior (FBS), 0.1% HEPES (2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-ethanesulfonic acid, 1 M), and 0.1% non-essential amino acids (NEAA)</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Growth medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >EF: Emission filter quadbandpass</td>
			<td>AHF analysentechnik</td>
			<td>F72-866</td>
			<td>Brightline HC 446 nm/523 nm/600 nm/677 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >EMCCD camera</td>
			<td >Andor</td>
			<td>Andor iXON 897</td>
			<td>EMCCD camera</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Emission filter QuadView filter cubes, orange</td>
			<td>AHF analysentechnik</td>
			<td>F39-637</td>
			<td>bandpass 582 - 619 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Emission filter QuadView filter cubes, red</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>bandpass 655 - 725 nm (HQ 690/70)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >FBS (Fetal bovine serum) superior</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >S0615</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Fluorescent beads: TetraSpeck&#8482; Microspheres, 0.1 &#181;m, fluorescent blue/green/orange/dark red</td>
			<td >Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >T7279</td>
			<td>fluorescent microspheres</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Glutamine</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#0951C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >HeLa cells&#160;</td>
			<td >DSMZ</td>
			<td>ACC-57</td>
			<td>Cervical carcinoma cells from patient Henrietta Lacks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hela cells CI::paGFP, stable</td>
			<td >Muster et al., PLOSOne 2010</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hela cells CV g::Halo7-Tag, stable</td>
			<td >Appelhans et al., NanoLett 2012</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hela cells Tom20::Halo7-Tag, stable</td>
			<td >Appelhans et al., NanoLett 2012</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Image splitter</td>
			<td >Photometrics</td>
			<td >Dual-View QV2</td>
			<td>image splitter emission</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Imaging processing software&#160;</td>
			<td >ImageJ2 / Fiji</td>
			<td >freeware</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Immersion Oil - ImmersolTM 518 F (ne = 1.518, ve = 45)</td>
			<td >Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH</td>
			<td >444960-0000-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Inverted epifluorescence microscope</td>
			<td >Olympus IX-71/73/83</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Laser 561 nm, 200 mW</td>
			<td >CrystaLaser</td>
			<td>CL-561-200</td>
			<td>561 nm emission</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Laser 642 nm, 140 mW</td>
			<td >Omicron</td>
			<td >Luxx-642-140</td>
			<td>642 nm emission</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MATLAB</td>
			<td >MathWorks</td>
			<td >version R2013a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MEM with Earle&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution 2.2 g/L NaHCO3, stable glutamine w/o PR</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >FG-0385</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MEM with Earle&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution with 2.2 g/L NaHCO3, stable glutamine, Phenolred</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >FG-0325</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MitoTracker&#174; Deep Red FM</td>
			<td >Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >M22426</td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MitoTracker&#174; Green FM</td>
			<td >Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >M7514</td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Multi-mode-optical polarization maintaining monomode fiber</td>
			<td >Pointsource/Qioptiq</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>KineFLEX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >NHS-PEG-MAL, Rapp Polymer&#160;</td>
			<td >Rapp Polymere GmbH T&#252;bingen</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>coverslip coating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >non-essential amino acids (NEAA)</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#0802E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >PEG 800 (Polyethylene glycol) 10 %</td>
			<td >Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td >Art No. 0263.1</td>
			<td>coverslip coating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#0122E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Plasmid for PINK1-Halo7-Tag expression</td>
			<td >Beinlich et al., ACS Chemical Biology 2015</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Poly-L-lysine (1.2 mg/ml)</td>
			<td >Sigma-Aldrich &#38; Co.</td>
			<td >Cat. No.P9155</td>
			<td>coverslip coating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >RGD Peptide (Ac-CGRGDS-COOH)</td>
			<td >Coring System Diagnostix GmbH, Gernsheim</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>coverslip coating / Intergrin receptor motif</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Silicon Rhodamine linked to HaloTag&#174;-Ligand (SiRHTL)&#160;</td>
			<td >personal gift from Kai Johnson</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Software analysis plugin</td>
			<td >self-written C. P. Richter, Biophysik Osnabr&#252;ck</td>
			<td >SLIMFAST 16g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Tetramethylrhodamine / SNAP-Cell&#174; TMR-Star linked to SNAP-Ligand (TMRstar)&#160;</td>
			<td >New England Biolab&#174;</td>
			<td >S9105S</td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Tetramethylrhodamine linked to HaloTag&#174;-Ligand (TMRHTL)&#160;</td>
			<td >Promega</td>
			<td >G8251</td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >TIRF condensor</td>
			<td >Olympus</td>
			<td>Cell^TIRF MITICO System</td>
			<td>TIRF condensor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >TIRF microscope controlling software</td>
			<td >Olympus cellSens 1.12</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >TIRF objective</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>150x oil objective (N.A. 1.45; Olympus UAPO)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Trypsin/EDTA 10x</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#0266</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Water H2O 99,5 % Rotipuran&#174; Low organic&#160;</td>
			<td >Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td >Art. No. HN57.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

multi-color localization microscopy of single membrane proteins in organelles of live mammalian cells

了解细胞 subcompartments 中蛋白质的定位是理解其特定功能的关键。在这里, 我们提出了一种超分辨率技术, 允许通过生成这些蛋白质的定位和跟踪图来确定蛋白质的 microcompartments。此外, 通过多色定位显微术, 可同时获得不同 subcompartments 蛋白质的定位和跟踪特征。该技术是特定的活细胞, 是基于重复成像的单一移动膜蛋白。感兴趣的蛋白质与特定的, 所谓的自我标记标签基因融合。这些标记是以共价键方式与基体反应的酶。共轭这些基板是荧光染料。酶标记的蛋白质与荧光标记的基质的反应导致标记的蛋白质。在这里, 四甲基罗丹明 () 和硅罗丹明 (先生) 被用作附着在酶基板上的荧光染料。通过在 pM 到 nM 范围内的基质浓度, 实现了分化学计量标记, 从而产生明显的信号。这些信号是本地化的 ~ 15–27纳米精度。该技术允许单一分子的多色成像, 即颜色的数量受可用的膜渗透染料和自标记酶的汇辑的限制。我们通过确定质量控制酶 (Pten) 诱导激酶 1 (PINK1) 在不同线粒体隔间的加工过程中对其他膜蛋白的定位, 证明了该技术的可行性。然而, 由于低标号度降低了同时标记两个相邻蛋白质的概率, 因此, 对单个分子的不同标记的单个蛋白质之间的真实物理相互作用的测试受到限制。虽然该技术对膜室中的成像蛋白很强, 但在大多数情况下, 不适宜确定高流动性可溶性蛋白的定位。

多色成像和定位分析可以帮助确定蛋白质的亚 organellar 定位。我们早先证明了这一点与胞浆磷酸酶和张力同系物, PINK1, 有不同的亚线粒体位置由于其处理的线粒体蛋白酶17。PINK1 是保证线粒体功能34,35的重要因素。为确定 PINK1 在不同线粒体隔间的定位过程 (图 4A), 进行了多色超分辨显微镜?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells at JoVE.com

Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells

在这里, 我们提出了一个协议的多颜色本地化的单膜蛋白在细胞器的活体细胞。要附加显影, 使用自贴标蛋白。蛋白质, 位于同一细胞器的不同的细胞膜车厢, 可以本地化的精度为 18 nm。

活体哺乳动物细胞器中单膜蛋白的多色定位显微术

Knowledge about the localization of proteins in cellular subcompartments is crucial to understand their specific function. Here, we present a ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Long-term Imaging Mammalian Cells using Wide-Field Microscopy

长期使用宽视场显微镜的成像哺乳动物细胞

科研

生物学

Photoconversion of Purified Fluorescent Proteins and Dual-probe Optical Highlighting in Live Cells

在活细胞荧光蛋白的双探头光学突出纯净的光转化的

Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins (pc-FPs) are a class of fluorescent proteins with "optical highlighter" capability, meaning that the color of ...

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

在油脂介孔膜蛋白的结晶

Membrane proteins perform critical functions in living cells related to signal transduction, transport and energy transformations, and, as such, are ...

Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy

纳米有限元分析：蛋白质定位的光激活定位显微镜和电子显微镜

Mapping the distribution of proteins is essential for understanding the function of proteins in a cell. Fluorescence microscopy is extensively used for ...

Use of a Robot for High-throughput Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

使用机器人在油脂中间相高通量膜蛋白的结晶

Structure-function studies of membrane proteins greatly benefit from having available high-resolution 3-D structures of the type provided through ...

Harvesting and Cryo-cooling Crystals of Membrane Proteins Grown in Lipidic Mesophases for Structure Determination by Macromolecular Crystallography

在油脂中间相结构的测定生物大分子晶体生长的膜蛋白晶体收获和低温冷

An important route to understanding how proteins function at a mechanistic level is to have the structure of the target protein available, ideally at ...

Monitoring Plasmid Replication in Live Mammalian Cells over Multiple Generations by Fluorescence Microscopy

在Live哺乳动物细胞中质粒复制多代荧光显微镜监测

Few naturally-occurring plasmids are maintained in mammalian cells.  Among these are genomes of gamma-herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus  (EBV) ...

Intravital Microscopy for Imaging Subcellular Structures in Live Mice Expressing Fluorescent Proteins

活体显微镜成像的亚细胞结构的活体小鼠表达荧光蛋白

Here we describe a procedure to image subcellular structures in live rodents that is based on the use of confocal intravital microscopy. As a model organ, ...

In vivo Clonal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Marked by Five Fluorescent Proteins using Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy

In vivo Clonal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Marked by Five Fluorescent Proteins using Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy

We developed and validated a fluorescent marking methodology for clonal tracking of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high spatial and ...

Efficient Mammalian Cell Expression and Single-step Purification of Extracellular Glycoproteins for Crystallization

高效的哺乳动物细胞表达和细胞外糖蛋白的结晶一步纯化

Production of secreted mammalian proteins for structural and biophysical studies can be challenging, time intensive, and costly. Here described is a time ...