Name: multi-color localization microscopy of single membrane proteins in organelles of live mammalian cells
Uploaded: 2018-06-30T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gjerne takke biofysikk grupper og Jacob Piehler på universitetet Osnabrück for kontinuerlig støtte, Wladislaw Kohl for kundestøtte og utarbeidelse av materiale og CellNanOs styret for å gi mikroskop for bruk. Prosjektet ble finansiert av SFB 944.

Følgende protokollen følger retningslinjene i lokal institusjon forskning etikk.
1. metoder
<ol><li>
Cellekultur
	<ol>
<li>Dyrke celler, for eksempel HeLa celler (human livmorhalsen karsinom), i en T25 celle kultur kolbe som inneholder 5 mL av vekstmediet på 37 ° C og 5% CO2. Merk: For bildebehandling, dele cellene på forberedt coverslips (se trinn 1.3 og 1.4) og holde i imaging medium.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
Cellen transfection Merk: ...

<ol>
	<li>Appelhans, T., Richter, C., Wilkens, V., Hess, S., Piehler, J., Busch, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nanoscale+organization+of+mitochondrial+microcompartments+revealed+by+combining+tracking+and+localization+microscopy.">Nanoscale organization of mitochondrial microcompartments revealed by combining tracking and localization microscopy.</a> Nano Letters. 12 (2), 610-616 (2012).</li><li>Appelhans, T., Busch, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+Molecule+Tracking+and+Localization+of+Mitochondrial+Protein+Complexes+in+Live+Cells.">Single Molecule Tracking and Localization of Mitochondrial Protein Complexes in Live Cells.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1567, 273-291 (2017).</li><li>Rust, M. J., Bates, M., Zhuang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sub-diffraction-limit+imaging+by+stochastic+optical+reconstruction+microscopy+(STORM).">Sub-diffraction-limit imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM).</a> Nat Methods. 3 (10), 793-795 (2006).</li><li>Gould, T. J., Verkhusha, V. V., Hess, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+biological+structures+with+fluorescence+photoactivation+localization+microscopy.">Imaging biological structures with fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy.</a> Nat Protoc. 4 (3), 291-308 (2009).</li><li>Pennacchietti, F., Gould, T. J., Hess, S. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Role+of+Probe+Photophysics+in+Localization-Based+Superresolution+Microscopy.">The Role of Probe Photophysics in Localization-Based Superresolution Microscopy.</a> Biophys J. 113 (9), 2037-2054 (2017).</li><li>Wegel, E., G&#246;hler, A., Lagerholm, B. C., Wainman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+cellular+structures+in+super-resolution+with+SIM,+STED+and+Localisation+Microscopy:+A+practical+comparison.">Imaging cellular structures in super-resolution with SIM, STED and Localisation Microscopy: A practical comparison.</a> Scientific reports. , (2016).</li><li>Pellett, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-color+STED+microscopy+in+living+cells.">Two-color STED microscopy in living cells.</a> Biomedical Optics Express. 2 (8), (2011).</li><li>Ishigaki, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=STED+super-resolution+imaging+of+mitochondria+labeled+with+TMRM+in+living+cells.">STED super-resolution imaging of mitochondria labeled with TMRM in living cells.</a> Mitochondrion. 28, 79 (2016).</li><li>Liss, V., Barlag, B., Nietschke, M., Hensel, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Self-labelling+enzymes+as+universal+tags+for+fluorescence+microscopy,+super-resolution+microscopy+and+electron+microscopy.">Self-labelling enzymes as universal tags for fluorescence microscopy, super-resolution microscopy and electron microscopy.</a> Scientific Reports. 5, 17740 (2015).</li><li>Serg&#233;, A., Bertaux, N., Rigneault, H., Marguet, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+multiple-target+tracing+to+probe+spatiotemporal+cartography+of+cell+membranes.">Dynamic multiple-target tracing to probe spatiotemporal cartography of cell membranes.</a> Nat Methods. 5 (8), (2008).</li><li>Appelhans, T., Busch, K. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+imaging+of+mitochondrial+membrane+proteins+in+specific+sub-organelle+membrane+locations.">Dynamic imaging of mitochondrial membrane proteins in specific sub-organelle membrane locations.</a> Biophysical reviews. 9 (4), 345-352 (2017).</li><li>Wilmes, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Triple-color+super-resolution+imaging+of+live+cells:+resolving+submicroscopic+receptor+organization+in+the+plasma+membrane.">Triple-color super-resolution imaging of live cells: resolving submicroscopic receptor organization in the plasma membrane.</a> Angewandte Chemie. 51 (20), 4868-4871 (2012).</li><li>Niewidok, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-molecule+imaging+reveals+dynamic+biphasic+partition+of+RNA-binding+proteins+in+stress+granules.">Single-molecule imaging reveals dynamic biphasic partition of RNA-binding proteins in stress granules.</a> J Cell Biol. , (2018).</li><li>Wurm, C. A., Jakobs, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+protein+distributions+define+two+sub-compartments+of+the+mitochondrial+inner+membrane+in+yeast.">Differential protein distributions define two sub-compartments of the mitochondrial inner membrane in yeast.</a> FEBS Lett. 580 (24), 5628-5634 (2006).</li><li>Schmidt, R., Wurm, C. A., Punge, A., Egner, A., Jakobs, S., Hell, S. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+cristae+revealed+with+focused+light.">Mitochondrial cristae revealed with focused light.</a> Nano Lett. 9 (6), 2508-2510 (2009).</li><li>Kukat, C., Wurm, C. A., Spahr, H., Falkenberg, M., Larsson, N. G., Jakobs, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Super-resolution+microscopy+reveals+that+mammalian+mitochondrial+nucleoids+have+a+uniform+size+and+frequently+contain+a+single+copy+of+mtDNA.">Super-resolution microscopy reveals that mammalian mitochondrial nucleoids have a uniform size and frequently contain a single copy of mtDNA.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 108 (33), 13534-13539 (2011).</li><li>Beinlich, F., Drees, C., Piehler, J., Busch, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Shuttling+of+PINK1+between+Mitochondrial+Microcompartments+Resolved+by+Triple-Color+Superresolution+Microscopy.">Shuttling of PINK1 between Mitochondrial Microcompartments Resolved by Triple-Color Superresolution Microscopy.</a> ACS chemical biology. 10 (9), 1970-1976 (2015).</li><li>Shim, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Super-resolution+fluorescence+imaging+of+organelles+in+live+cells+with+photoswitchable+membrane+probes.">Super-resolution fluorescence imaging of organelles in live cells with photoswitchable membrane probes.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (35), 13978-13983 (2012).</li><li>Sbalzarini, I., Mezzacasa, A., Helenius, A., Koumoutsakos, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+Organelle+Shape+on+Fluorescence+Recovery+after+Photobleaching.">Effects of Organelle Shape on Fluorescence Recovery after Photobleaching.</a> Biophysical Journal. 89 (3), 1482-1492 (2005).</li><li>Reits, E., Neefjes, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+fixed+to+FRAP:+measuring+protein+mobility+and+activity+in+living+cells.">From fixed to FRAP: measuring protein mobility and activity in living cells.</a> Nature Cell Biology. 3 (6), E145-E147 (2001).</li><li>Goehring, N., Chowdhury, D., Hyman, A., Grill, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FRAP+Analysis+of+Membrane-Associated+Proteins:+Lateral+Diffusion+and+Membrane-Cytoplasmic+Exchange.">FRAP Analysis of Membrane-Associated Proteins: Lateral Diffusion and Membrane-Cytoplasmic Exchange.</a> Biophysical Journal. 99 (8), 2443-2452 (2010).</li><li>Bacia, K., Haustein, E., Schwille, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+correlation+spectroscopy:+principles+and+applications.">Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy: principles and applications.</a> Cold Spring Harbor protocols. 2014 (7), 709-725 (2014).</li><li>Sukhorukov, V., Dikov, D., Busch, K., Strecker, V., Wittig, I., Bereiter-Hahn, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+protein+mobility+in+mitochondrial+membranes+of+living+cells.">Determination of protein mobility in mitochondrial membranes of living cells.</a> Biochimica et biophysica acta. 1798 (11), 2022-2032 (2010).</li><li>Kim, T. K., Eberwine, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mammalian+cell+transfection:+the+present+and+the+future.">Mammalian cell transfection: the present and the future.</a> Anal Bioanal Chem. 397 (8), 3173-3178 (2010).</li><li>Graham, F. L., van der Eb, A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+technique+for+the+assay+of+infectivity+of+human+adenovirus+5+DNA.">A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA.</a> Virology. 52 (2), 456-467 (1973).</li><li>Wedeking, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatiotemporally+Controlled+Reorganization+of+Signaling+Complexes+in+the+Plasma+Membrane+of+Living+Cells.">Spatiotemporally Controlled Reorganization of Signaling Complexes in the Plasma Membrane of Living Cells.</a> Small. 11 (44), 5912-5918 (2015).</li><li>Mironov, S. L., Ivannikov, M. V., Johansson, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=[Ca2+]i+signaling+between+mitochondria+and+endoplasmic+reticulum+in+neurons+is+regulated+by+microtubules.+From+mitochondrial+permeability+transition+pore+to+Ca2+-induced+Ca2++release.">[Ca2+]i signaling between mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in neurons is regulated by microtubules. From mitochondrial permeability transition pore to Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release.</a> J Biol Chem. 280 (1), 715-721 (2005).</li><li>Poot, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+mitochondrial+morphology+and+function+with+novel+fixable+fluorescent+stains.">Analysis of mitochondrial morphology and function with novel fixable fluorescent stains.</a> J Histochem Cytochem. 44 (12), 1363-1372 (1996).</li><li>Tokunaga, M., Imamoto, N., Sakata-Sogawa, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+inclined+thin+illumination+enables+clear+single-molecule+imaging+in+cells+(vol+5,+pg+159).">Highly inclined thin illumination enables clear single-molecule imaging in cells (vol 5, pg 159).</a> Nature Methods. 5 (5), 455 (2008).</li><li>Elmokadem, A., Yu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimal+Drift+Correction+for+Superresolution+Localization+Microscopy+with+Bayesian+Inference.">Optimal Drift Correction for Superresolution Localization Microscopy with Bayesian Inference.</a> Biophys J. 109 (9), 1772-1780 (2015).</li><li>Barlag, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+molecule+super-resolution+imaging+of+proteins+in+living+Salmonella+enterica+using+self-labelling+enzymes.">Single molecule super-resolution imaging of proteins in living Salmonella enterica using self-labelling enzymes.</a> Sci Rep. 6, 31601 (2016).</li><li>Tokunaga, M., Imamoto, N., Sakata-Sogawa, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+inclined+thin+illumination+enables+clear+single-molecule+imaging+in+cells.">Highly inclined thin illumination enables clear single-molecule imaging in cells.</a> Nature Methods. 5 (2), 159-161 (2008).</li><li>Mortensen, K. I., Churchman, L. S., Spudich, J. A., Flyvbjerg, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+localization+analysis+for+single-molecule+tracking+and+super-resolution+microscopy.">Optimized localization analysis for single-molecule tracking and super-resolution microscopy.</a> Nat Methods. 7 (5), 377-381 (2010).</li><li>Jin, S., Youle, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PINK1-+and+Parkin-Mediated+Mitophagy+at+a+Glance.">PINK1- and Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy at a Glance.</a> Journal of Cell Science. 125, 795-799 (2013).</li><li>Yamano, K., Youle, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PINK1+is+degraded+through+the+N-end+rule+pathway.">PINK1 is degraded through the N-end rule pathway.</a> Autophagy. 9 (11), 1758-1758 (2013).</li><li>Wiedemann, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Machinery+for+protein+sorting+and+assembly+in+the+mitochondrial+outer+membrane.">Machinery for protein sorting and assembly in the mitochondrial outer membrane.</a> Nature. 424 (6948), 565-571 (2003).</li><li>Thompson, R., Larson, D., Webb, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Precise+Nanometer+Localization+Analysis+for+Individual+Fluorescent+Probes.">Precise Nanometer Localization Analysis for Individual Fluorescent Probes.</a> Biophysical Journal. 82 (5), 2775-2783 (2002).</li></ol>

Her, ble en teknikk for to farger ett molekyl lokalisering av mobile membran proteiner presentert. Etter den protokollen, membran proteiner er smeltet å selv merking proteiner som reagerer med rhodamine fargestoffer TMR og SiR konjugert til deres respektive underlag. Rhodamine fargestoffer er lyse og photostable og dermed tillate repeterende tenkelig1. For vellykket forestilling må flere betingelser og viktige emner holdes i bakhodet.
Først er det viktig å velge rik...

Målet med denne protokollen er en bildebehandling metode for å lokalisere og spore enkelt membran proteiner i live cellene. Vi kaller denne metoden sporing og lokalisering mikroskopi (TALM)1,2. Som Stokastisk optisk rekonstruksjon mikroskopi (STORM)3 og fluorescens Photoactivation lokalisering mikroskopi ((F) PALM)4,5er TALM en enkel molekyl-baserte fluorescens lokalisering teknikk. Men er det tydelig i måten at mobiliteten av membran proteiner i kombinasjon med repeterende bilder av samme merket molekyl i ulike posisjoner avslører microcompartment som er tilgjengelig for mobile protein. Med andre ord, angis de mulige steder av proteinet arkitekturen til organeller og mobiliteten av protein1. Metoden er utfyllende til ulike andre super-oppløsning teknikker6,7,8 fordi det avslører lokalisering og bane kart av tenkelig mobile proteiner. Merkingen er basert på bruk av genmodifiserte fusion proteiner som sådan ikke-fluorescerende. Disse fusion proteiner er selv merking enzymer som reagerer covalently med et substrat konjugert til en farge. Denne prosedyren har fordelen at merking graden kan være kontrollert av hvor mye ekstra substrat. Videre kan variere fargen på fluorescens, avhengig av den valgte konjugert fargestoffet. Flere selv merking enzym-koder er tilgjengelige9. En annen fordel med å bruke selv merking enzym-koder er, at de konjugert fargestoffer vanligvis er mer stabil og lysere enn lysstoffrør proteiner1 og personlige proteiner derfor kan registreres lenger og mer presist til de er bleket. Dette gir innspillingen av baner av mobile proteiner og utvinning av diffusjon koeffisienter10,11.
Her viser vi muligheten for TALM med mitokondrie membran proteiner, men det kan også brukes for andre intra - og ekstra cellular membran proteiner, inkludert forskjellige cellen typer12,13. Vi viser at multi-farge TALM videre tillater samtidig æren av proteiner i forskjellige subcompartments i complementation til eksisterende super-oppløsning fluorescens mikroskopi teknikker14,15, 16. TALM er kompatibel med levende celle imaging17. Foto-fysikk av de valgte rhodamines Tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) og silisium-Rhodamien (Herre), spesielt deres lysstyrke og stabilitet, lar post enkelt membran proteiner over flere rammer gir lokalisering (og bane). TALM er imidlertid begrenset lokalisering av løselig proteiner med høy diffusjon koeffisienter siden motion blur er for høy og samlet fotoner hver ramme er for lav for riktig lokalisering. Dessuten krever TALM mindre eksitasjon strøm enn for eksempel STORM eller stimulert utslipp nedbryting (STED) mikroskopi6,7, redusere fototoksisk effekter. Dette er viktig, siden fototoksisk stress ofte påvirker organellar morfologi18 og dermed mobilitet analyse19. I sum, presenterer vi multi-farge TALM i levende celler som en teknikk som fyller et gap mellom metodene for lokalisering mikroskopi STORM/STED / (F) PALM og teknikker som analysere protein mobilitet som fluorescens gjenoppretting etter photobleaching (FRAP)20 ,21, fluorescens korrelasjon spektroskopi (FCS)22og fluorescens krysse korrelasjon spektroskopi (FCCS)11,23.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr >
			<td >(2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-ethanesulfonic acid, 1 M) (HEPES)</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#1104E</td>
			<td ></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >DC1: Dichroid beam splitter&#160;</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td>640 dcxr</td>
			<td>NC506031</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >DC2: Polychroic Mirror, beamsplitter</td>
			<td >Chroma</td>
			<td>zt405/488/561/640rpc</td>
			<td>discontinued</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Dulbecco&#180;s Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS) 1x (w/o Ca &#38; Mg)</td>
			<td >Sigma-Aldrich &#38; Co.</td>
			<td >#RNBF8311</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Earle&#180;s MEM without phenol red, without L-Glutamine and without NaHCO3 containing 1% FBS, 0.1% HEPES, 0.1% NEAA, 0.1% Alanyl-L-Glutamine and 34.78% sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3 0.75g/l)</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Imaging medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Earle&#180;s minimum essential medium (MEM) with phenol red, containing 1% Fetal Bovine Serum Superior (FBS), 0.1% HEPES (2-(4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazinyl)-ethanesulfonic acid, 1 M), and 0.1% non-essential amino acids (NEAA)</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>Growth medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >EF: Emission filter quadbandpass</td>
			<td>AHF analysentechnik</td>
			<td>F72-866</td>
			<td>Brightline HC 446 nm/523 nm/600 nm/677 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >EMCCD camera</td>
			<td >Andor</td>
			<td>Andor iXON 897</td>
			<td>EMCCD camera</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Emission filter QuadView filter cubes, orange</td>
			<td>AHF analysentechnik</td>
			<td>F39-637</td>
			<td>bandpass 582 - 619 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Emission filter QuadView filter cubes, red</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>bandpass 655 - 725 nm (HQ 690/70)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >FBS (Fetal bovine serum) superior</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >S0615</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Fluorescent beads: TetraSpeck&#8482; Microspheres, 0.1 &#181;m, fluorescent blue/green/orange/dark red</td>
			<td >Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >T7279</td>
			<td>fluorescent microspheres</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Glutamine</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#0951C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >HeLa cells&#160;</td>
			<td >DSMZ</td>
			<td>ACC-57</td>
			<td>Cervical carcinoma cells from patient Henrietta Lacks</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hela cells CI::paGFP, stable</td>
			<td >Muster et al., PLOSOne 2010</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hela cells CV g::Halo7-Tag, stable</td>
			<td >Appelhans et al., NanoLett 2012</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Hela cells Tom20::Halo7-Tag, stable</td>
			<td >Appelhans et al., NanoLett 2012</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Image splitter</td>
			<td >Photometrics</td>
			<td >Dual-View QV2</td>
			<td>image splitter emission</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Imaging processing software&#160;</td>
			<td >ImageJ2 / Fiji</td>
			<td >freeware</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Immersion Oil - ImmersolTM 518 F (ne = 1.518, ve = 45)</td>
			<td >Carl Zeiss Jena GmbH</td>
			<td >444960-0000-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Inverted epifluorescence microscope</td>
			<td >Olympus IX-71/73/83</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Laser 561 nm, 200 mW</td>
			<td >CrystaLaser</td>
			<td>CL-561-200</td>
			<td>561 nm emission</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Laser 642 nm, 140 mW</td>
			<td >Omicron</td>
			<td >Luxx-642-140</td>
			<td>642 nm emission</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MATLAB</td>
			<td >MathWorks</td>
			<td >version R2013a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MEM with Earle&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution 2.2 g/L NaHCO3, stable glutamine w/o PR</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >FG-0385</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MEM with Earle&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution with 2.2 g/L NaHCO3, stable glutamine, Phenolred</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >FG-0325</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MitoTracker&#174; Deep Red FM</td>
			<td >Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >M22426</td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MitoTracker&#174; Green FM</td>
			<td >Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td >M7514</td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Multi-mode-optical polarization maintaining monomode fiber</td>
			<td >Pointsource/Qioptiq</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>KineFLEX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >NHS-PEG-MAL, Rapp Polymer&#160;</td>
			<td >Rapp Polymere GmbH T&#252;bingen</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>coverslip coating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >non-essential amino acids (NEAA)</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#0802E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >PEG 800 (Polyethylene glycol) 10 %</td>
			<td >Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td >Art No. 0263.1</td>
			<td>coverslip coating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#0122E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Plasmid for PINK1-Halo7-Tag expression</td>
			<td >Beinlich et al., ACS Chemical Biology 2015</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Poly-L-lysine (1.2 mg/ml)</td>
			<td >Sigma-Aldrich &#38; Co.</td>
			<td >Cat. No.P9155</td>
			<td>coverslip coating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >RGD Peptide (Ac-CGRGDS-COOH)</td>
			<td >Coring System Diagnostix GmbH, Gernsheim</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>coverslip coating / Intergrin receptor motif</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Silicon Rhodamine linked to HaloTag&#174;-Ligand (SiRHTL)&#160;</td>
			<td >personal gift from Kai Johnson</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Software analysis plugin</td>
			<td >self-written C. P. Richter, Biophysik Osnabr&#252;ck</td>
			<td >SLIMFAST 16g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Tetramethylrhodamine / SNAP-Cell&#174; TMR-Star linked to SNAP-Ligand (TMRstar)&#160;</td>
			<td >New England Biolab&#174;</td>
			<td >S9105S</td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Tetramethylrhodamine linked to HaloTag&#174;-Ligand (TMRHTL)&#160;</td>
			<td >Promega</td>
			<td >G8251</td>
			<td>dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >TIRF condensor</td>
			<td >Olympus</td>
			<td>Cell^TIRF MITICO System</td>
			<td>TIRF condensor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >TIRF microscope controlling software</td>
			<td >Olympus cellSens 1.12</td>
			<td ></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >TIRF objective</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>150x oil objective (N.A. 1.45; Olympus UAPO)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Trypsin/EDTA 10x</td>
			<td >Biochrom</td>
			<td >#0266</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Water H2O 99,5 % Rotipuran&#174; Low organic&#160;</td>
			<td >Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td >Art. No. HN57.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

multi-color localization microscopy of single membrane proteins in organelles of live mammalian cells

Kunnskap om lokalisering av proteiner i cellular subcompartments er avgjørende å forstå deres spesifikke funksjon. Her presenterer vi en super-oppløsning teknikk som gir mulighet for fastsettelse av microcompartments som er tilgjengelige for proteiner ved å generere lokalisering og spore kart av disse proteinene. Videre av multi-farge lokalisering mikroskopi hentes lokaliseringen og sporing profiler av proteiner i forskjellige subcompartments samtidig. Teknikken er spesifikk for lever celler og er basert på gjentatte avbilding av enkelt mobile membran proteiner. Proteiner av interesse er genetisk smeltet sammen med spesifikke, såkalte selv merking koder. Disse kodene er enzymer som reagerer med et substrat på en kovalente måte. Konjugert til disse underlag er fluorescerende fargestoffer. Reaksjonen av enzym-merket proteiner med fluorescensen merket underlag resultater i merket proteiner. Her brukes Tetramethylrhodamine (TMR) og silisium Rhodamine (SiR) som fluorescerende fargestoffer knyttet til underlag av enzymer. Ved hjelp av underlaget konsentrasjoner i pM for nM, er sub stoichiometric merking oppnådd som resulterer i forskjellige signaler. Disse signalene er lokalisert med ~ 15 – 27 nm presisjon. Teknikken tillater multi-farge imaging enkelt molekyler, der antallet farger er begrenset av tilgjengelig membran-permeable fargestoffer og repertoaret av selv merking enzymer. Vi viser muligheten for teknikken ved å bestemme lokaliseringen av kvalitetskontroll enzym (Pten)-indusert kinase 1 (PINK1) i ulike mitokondrie rom under behandlingen i forhold til andre membran proteiner. Testen for ekte fysiske interaksjonene mellom annerledes merket enkelt proteiner av ett molekyl bånd eller co sporing er begrenset, men fordi de lave merking gradene redusere sannsynligheten for å ha to tilstøtende proteiner kalt samtidig. Mens teknikken er sterk for imaging proteiner i membranen avdelinger, i de fleste tilfeller er det ikke hensiktsmessig å avgjøre lokaliseringen av svært mobile løselig protein.

Multi-farge bildebehandling og colocalization analyse kan hjelpe deg for å finne den sub-organellar lokaliseringen av proteiner. Vi viste dette tidligere cytosolic fosfatase og tensin homologue, PINK1, som har forskjellige sub-Mitokondrielt steder på grunn av behandlingen av mitokondrie proteaser17. PINK1 er en viktig faktor garanterer mitokondrie funksjonalitet34,35. Å avgjøre lokaliseringen av PINK1 i...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells at JoVE.com

Multi-color Localization Microscopy of Single Membrane Proteins in Organelles of Live Mammalian Cells

Her presenterer vi en protokoll for multi-farge lokalisering av enkelt membran proteiner i organeller levende celler. For å knytte fluorophores, brukes selv merking proteiner. Proteiner, ligger i forskjellige membraner deler av den samme organeller, kan være lokalisert med en presisjon ~ 18 nm.

Multi-farge lokalisering mikroskopi enkelt membran proteiner i Organelles av Live pattedyrceller

Knowledge about the localization of proteins in cellular subcompartments is crucial to understand their specific function. Here, we present a ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Long-term Imaging Mammalian Cells using Wide-Field Microscopy

Photoconversion of Purified Fluorescent Proteins and Dual-probe Optical Highlighting in Live Cells

Photoconvertible fluorescent proteins (pc-FPs) are a class of fluorescent proteins with "optical highlighter" capability, meaning that the color of ...

Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Membrane proteins perform critical functions in living cells related to signal transduction, transport and energy transformations, and, as such, are ...

Nano-fEM: Protein Localization Using Photo-activated Localization Microscopy and Electron Microscopy

Nano-FEM: Protein Lokalisering Bruke Photo-aktivert Lokalisering Mikroskopi og elektronmikroskopi

Mapping the distribution of proteins is essential for understanding the function of proteins in a cell. Fluorescence microscopy is extensively used for ...

Use of a Robot for High-throughput Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Bruk av en robot for High-throughput Krystallisering av membran proteiner i Lipidic Mesophases

Structure-function studies of membrane proteins greatly benefit from having available high-resolution 3-D structures of the type provided through ...

Harvesting and Cryo-cooling Crystals of Membrane Proteins Grown in Lipidic Mesophases for Structure Determination by Macromolecular Crystallography

Høsting og Cryo-kjøling Krystaller av membran proteiner Grown i Lipidic Mesophases for strukturbestemmelse av Macromolecular Crystallography

An important route to understanding how proteins function at a mechanistic level is to have the structure of the target protein available, ideally at ...

Monitoring Plasmid Replication in Live Mammalian Cells over Multiple Generations by Fluorescence Microscopy

Overvåking plasmidreplikasjon i Live pattedyrceller over flere generasjoner av fluorescensmikropskopi

Few naturally-occurring plasmids are maintained in mammalian cells.  Among these are genomes of gamma-herpesviruses, including Epstein-Barr virus  (EBV) ...

Intravital Microscopy for Imaging Subcellular Structures in Live Mice Expressing Fluorescent Proteins

Intramikros for Imaging subcellulære strukturer i levende mus Uttrykke Fluorescent Proteiner

Here we describe a procedure to image subcellular structures in live rodents that is based on the use of confocal intravital microscopy. As a model organ, ...

In vivo Clonal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Marked by Five Fluorescent Proteins using Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy

In vivo Clonal Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells Marked by Five Fluorescent Proteins using Confocal and Multiphoton Microscopy

In vivo Klonal Sporing av Hematopoetiske Stem og stamceller Preget av fem Fluorescent Proteiner bruker Confocal og multiphoton Mikros

We developed and validated a fluorescent marking methodology for clonal tracking of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with high spatial and ...

Efficient Mammalian Cell Expression and Single-step Purification of Extracellular Glycoproteins for Crystallization

Effektiv pattedyrcelle Expression og Single-step Rensing av Ekstracellulær Glykoproteiner for Krystallisering

Production of secreted mammalian proteins for structural and biophysical studies can be challenging, time intensive, and costly. Here described is a time ...