Name: fat-water phantoms for magnetic resonance imaging validation: a flexible and scalable protocol
Uploaded: 2018-09-07T13:45:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol at JoVE.com

为这项研究提供资金支持的国家卫生研究院 (NIH) 和国立糖尿病和消化和肾脏疾病研究所 (NIDDK)/NIH R01-DK-105371。我们感谢 Houchun 博士 (哈利) 胡提出关于脂肪水幻影创造的建议和建议。

1. 准备工作站和材料
<ol><li>遵守所有实验室安全规则。戴上眼睛保护手套。阅读每个使用的试剂的材料安全数据表, 并采取适当的预防措施。审查材料和设备清单, 化学处理程序和玻璃器皿的预防措施。 注意: 此协议要求在高温下使用热板。在与热容器进行交互时, 请小心佩戴耐热手套, 不要接触加热板表面。</li>
	<li>清除工作区并用消毒剂清洁表面。洗你的手, 戴上手套。</li>
	<li>消毒所有的仪...

<ol>
	<li>Franz, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Association+of+proton+density+fat+fraction+in+adipose+tissue+with+imaging-based+and+anthropometric+obesity+markers+in+adults.">Association of proton density fat fraction in adipose tissue with imaging-based and anthropometric obesity markers in adults.</a> Int J Obes. , 1-8 (2017).</li><li>Chai, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MRI+chemical+shift+imaging+of+the+fat+content+of+the+pancreas+and+liver+of+patients+with+type+2+diabetes+mellitus.">MRI chemical shift imaging of the fat content of the pancreas and liver of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</a> Exp Ther Med. 11 (2), 476-480 (2016).</li><li>Hogrel, J. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NMR+imaging+estimates+of+muscle+volume+and+intramuscular+fat+infiltration+in+the+thigh:+variations+with+muscle,+gender,+and+age.">NMR imaging estimates of muscle volume and intramuscular fat infiltration in the thigh: variations with muscle, gender, and age.</a> Age (Omaha). 37 (3), 1-11 (2015).</li><li>Hoskins, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simulation+and+Validation+of+Arterial+Ultrasound+Imaging+and+Blood+Flow.">Simulation and Validation of Arterial Ultrasound Imaging and Blood Flow.</a> Ultrasound Med Biol. 34 (5), 693-717 (2008).</li><li>Hu, H. H., Perkins, T. G., Chia, J. M., Gilsanz, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+human+brown+adipose+tissue+by+chemical-shift+water-fat+MRI.">Characterization of human brown adipose tissue by chemical-shift water-fat MRI.</a> Am J Roentgenol. 200 (1), 177-183 (2013).</li><li>d'Assignies, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+quantitation+of+human+liver+steatosis+using+magnetic+resonance+and+bioassay+methods.">Noninvasive quantitation of human liver steatosis using magnetic resonance and bioassay methods.</a> Eur Radiol. 19 (8), 2033-2040 (2009).</li><li>Schwenzer, N. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+pancreatic+lipomatosis+and+liver+steatosis+by+MRI:+comparison+of+in/opposed-phase+and+spectral-spatial+excitation+techniques.">Quantification of pancreatic lipomatosis and liver steatosis by MRI: comparison of in/opposed-phase and spectral-spatial excitation techniques.</a> Invest Radiol. 43 (5), 330-337 (2008).</li><li>Wokke, B. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+MRI+and+strength+measurements+in+the+assessment+of+muscle+quality+in+Duchenne+muscular+dystrophy.">Quantitative MRI and strength measurements in the assessment of muscle quality in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.</a> Neuromuscul Disord. 24 (5), 409-416 (2014).</li><li>Fischer, M. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+Fat+Quantification+by+Dual-echo+MR+Imaging+Outperforms+Traditional+Histopathological+Analysis.">Liver Fat Quantification by Dual-echo MR Imaging Outperforms Traditional Histopathological Analysis.</a> Acad Radiol. 19 (10), 1208-1214 (2012).</li><li>Hayashi, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+Gd-EOB-DTPA+on+proton+density+fat+fraction+using+the+six-echo+Dixon+method+in+3+Tesla+magnetic+resonance+imaging.">Influence of Gd-EOB-DTPA on proton density fat fraction using the six-echo Dixon method in 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging.</a> Radiol Phys Technol. , (2017).</li><li>Hines, C. D. G., Yu, H., Shimakawa, A., McKenzie, C. A., Brittain, J. H., Reeder, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T1+independent,+T2*+corrected+MRI+with+accurate+spectral+modeling+for+quantification+of+fat:+Validation+in+a+fat-water-SPIO+phantom.">T1 independent, T2* corrected MRI with accurate spectral modeling for quantification of fat: Validation in a fat-water-SPIO phantom.</a> J Magn Reson Imaging. 30 (5), 1215-1222 (2009).</li><li>Fukuzawa, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+six-point+modified+dixon+and+magnetic+resonance+spectroscopy+for+fat+quantification:+a+fat-water-iron+phantom+study.">Evaluation of six-point modified dixon and magnetic resonance spectroscopy for fat quantification: a fat-water-iron phantom study.</a> Radiol Phys Technol. , 1-10 (2017).</li><li>Bernard, C. P., Liney, G. P., Manton, D. J., Turnbull, L. W., Langton, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+fat+quantification+methods:+A+phantom+study+at+3.0T.">Comparison of fat quantification methods: A phantom study at 3.0T.</a> J Magn Reson Imaging. , (2008).</li><li>Poon, C., Szumowski, J., Plewes, D., Ashby, P., Henkelman, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fat/Water+Quantitation+and+Differential+Relaxation+Time+Measurement+Using+Chemical+Shift+Imagin+Technique.">Fat/Water Quantitation and Differential Relaxation Time Measurement Using Chemical Shift Imagin Technique.</a> Magn Reson Imaging. 7 (4), 369-382 (1989).</li><li>Yu, H., Shimakawa, A., Mckenzie, C. a., Brodsky, E., Brittain, J. H., Reeder, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-Echo+Water-Fat+Separation+and+Simultaneous+R2*+Estimation+with+Multi-Frequency+Fat+Spectrum+Modeling.">Multi-Echo Water-Fat Separation and Simultaneous R2* Estimation with Multi-Frequency Fat Spectrum Modeling.</a> Spectrum. 60 (5), 1122-1134 (2011).</li><li>Peri, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The extra-virgin olive oil handbook. , (2014).</li><li>Kell, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Density,+Thermal+Expansivity,+and+Compressibility+of+Liquid+Water+from+0&#176;+to+150&#176;C:+Correlations+and+Tables+for+Atmospheric+Pressure+and+Saturation+Reviewed+and+Expressed+on+1968+Temperature+Scale.">Density, Thermal Expansivity, and Compressibility of Liquid Water from 0&#176; to 150&#176;C: Correlations and Tables for Atmospheric Pressure and Saturation Reviewed and Expressed on 1968 Temperature Scale.</a> J Chem Eng Data. 20 (1), 97-105 (1975).</li></ol>

我们描述了一种健壮的方法来创建脂肪水幽灵, 适合验证的医学成像技术, 用于量化脂肪组织和甘油三酯含量的体内。通过创建两个水库 (一个用于石油解决方案, 一个用于水溶液), 在不需要昂贵设备的情况下建造了各种 FF 值 (包括超过50% 的值) 的稳定幽灵。高 ff 幽灵 (> 50%) 提供的效用, 以确保脂肪定量成像技术是有效的组织或器官的高 FF 值, 如褐色脂肪组织5。对 FSF 的 MRI ...

使用成像方式 (如磁共振成像) 对脂肪组织和甘油三酯含量进行定量的兴趣扩展到许多领域。研究领域包括调查白色和褐色脂肪组织库和异位储存的脂质在器官和组织, 如肝脏1, 胰腺2, 骨骼肌肉3。随着这些新的脂肪定量技术的发展, 需要方法来证实成像参数对研究和临床应用是有效的。
幽灵, 一个组织或器官的实验复制品, 提供一个低成本, 灵活, 和控制的工具, 以开发和验证成像技术4。具体地说, 幽灵可以被构造成由脂肪和水组成的体积比或脂肪分数 (FF) 可比的组织的临床兴趣。临床上, 在组织和器官中的 ff 值可能会有很大变化: 在褐色脂肪组织中的 ff 介于29.7% 和 93.9%5之间;脂肪变性患者平均肝 FF 为 18.1, 9.0%6;成人的胰腺 FF 在2型糖尿病风险范围在1.6% 和 22.2%7之间;在一些晚期疾病的情况下, 杜氏肌营养不良症患者的 FF 价值在某些肌肉中的 90%,8。
由于非极性分子, 如脂质在溶液中不能溶解, 如水等极性分子, 创建稳定的幽灵与高目标 FF 仍然是挑战。对于 FF 高达 50%, 许多现有的方法可以用来创建脂肪水幽灵9,10,11,12。其他实现更高 FFs 的方法通常需要昂贵的设备, 如均质机或超声波细胞干扰器13,14。尽管这些技术为高 FF 幽灵提供了路线图, 设备限制和不同数量的实验细节限制了创造可重现和健壮的脂肪水幽灵的努力。
在这些以前的技术基础上, 我们开发了一种在可定制的 FF 值范围内构建经济高效、稳定的脂肪水幽灵的方法。此协议详细说明了使用单个热板使 5x 100 毫升的 fat 幻影具有0%、25%、50%、75% 和100% 的 FF 值所需的步骤。它可以很容易地调整, 以创建各种体积 (10 至200毫升) 和脂肪百分比 (0 到 100%)。在比较脂肪-水 MRI FF 值与构造幽灵的目标 FF 值的可行性研究中, 对幻像技术的有效性进行了评价。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Distilled Water</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>B000P9BY38</td>
			<td>Base of water solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>A1296-100G</td>
			<td>Gelling agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water-Soluble Surfactant</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>P1379-500ML</td>
			<td>Surfactant/emulsifying agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gadolinium-DTPA Contrast Agent</td>
			<td>Bayer Healthcare</td>
			<td>50419-0188-01</td>
			<td>Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Benzoate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>71300-250G</td>
			<td>Preservative</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Peanut Oil</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>54782-LOU</td>
			<td>Base of oil solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Oil-Soluble Surfactant</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>S6760-250ML</td>
			<td>Surfactant/emulsifying agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hotplate w/ Stirrer</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>07-770-152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stir bars (Egg-Shaped)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>Z127116-1EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>400 mL Beaker</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>CLS1003400-48EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>250 mL Erlenmeyer Flask</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>CLS4450250-6EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25 mL Glass Volumetric Pipette</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-650-2P</td>
			<td>Quantity = 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50 mL Glass Volumetric Pipette</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-650-2S</td>
			<td>Quantity = 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>75 mL Glass Volumetric Pipette</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-650-2T</td>
			<td>Quantity = 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3.0 mL Syringe</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>Z248002-1PAK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.0 mL Syringe</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>Z230723-1PAK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spatula</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>S3897-1EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scale (100g X 0.01g Resolution)</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>AWS-100-BLK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Weigh Boats</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>Z740499-500EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>120 mL Glass Jars</td>
			<td>McMaster Carr Supply Co</td>
			<td>3801T73</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat Resistant Gloves (pair)</td>
			<td>Amazon</td>
			<td>B075GX43MN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Needles</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich Incorporated</td>
			<td>Z192341-100EA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18&#34; stir bar retriver</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-513-70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 Dram Clear Glass Vial</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>03-339-25B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fat-water phantoms for magnetic resonance imaging validation: a flexible and scalable protocol

随着新技术的发展, 图像脂肪组织, 验证这种协议的方法变得越来越重要。幽灵, 实验复制品的组织或器官的利益, 提供一个低成本, 灵活的解决方案。然而, 如果没有昂贵和专门的设备, 构建一个高脂肪组分的稳定幽灵(例如, > 50% 脂肪分数水平, 如棕色脂肪组织中看到的), 可能会因为脂质的疏水性而难以使用。这项工作提出了一个详细的, 低成本的协议, 以创建 5x 100 mL 幽灵与脂肪分数的 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% 和100% 使用基本实验室用品 ( 热板, 烧杯等) 和容易接近的成分 (蒸馏水, 琼脂, 水溶性表面活性剂, 苯甲酸钠, 钆-diethylenetriaminepentacetate (DTPA) 对比剂, 花生油, 油溶性表面活性剂)。该议定书的设计是灵活的;它可以用来创建不同的脂肪分数和广泛的体积的幽灵。在可行性研究中评估了用这种技术创建的幽灵, 将脂肪-水磁共振成像的脂肪分数值与构造的幽灵中的目标值进行了比较。本研究取得了 0.998 (95% 置信区间: 0.972-1. 00) 的和谐相关系数。总之, 这些研究表明, 脂肪幽灵的效用, 以验证脂肪组织成像技术在一系列临床相关组织和器官。

如果正确地准备了水溶液, 少量的溶液应该凝结快速地在一个测试瓶中 (图 1,左)。如果解决方案分离 (图 1,右), 则应再次准备解决方案 (按照协议步骤3.8 中的指示)。如果乳液分离 (图 2中的例子,左和右), 幻影是不可行的, 应该被丢弃。当这种情况发生时, 通常是因为乳?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol at JoVE.com

Fat-Water Phantoms for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Validation: A Flexible and Scalable Protocol

这项工作的目的是描述一个协议, 创建一个实用的脂肪水幻影, 可以定制, 以产生不同的脂肪百分比和体积的幽灵。

磁共振成像验证中的脂肪水幽灵: 一种灵活且可伸缩的协议

As new techniques are developed to image adipose tissue, methods to validate such protocols are becoming increasingly important. Phantoms, experimental ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking

磁共振衍生的心肌劳损评估使用特征跟踪

Purpose: An accurate and practical method to measure parameters like strain in myocardial tissue is of great clinical value, since it has been shown, that ...

科研

医学

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling

使用校准动脉自旋标记磁共振肺灌注显像定量

This demonstrates a MR imaging method to measure the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow in healthy subjects 
during normoxia (inspired O2, ...

Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging

跟踪乳腺建筑特色与检测乳腺癌的磁共振扩散张量成像

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer among women worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer has a critical role in improving the quality of ...

Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Skeletal Muscle Disease

骨骼肌疾病的定量磁共振成像

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) describes the development and use of MRI to quantify physical, chemical, and/or biological properties of ...

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

同时PET / MRI成像在小鼠脑缺氧缺血

Dynamic changes in tissue water diffusion and glucose metabolism occur during and after hypoxia in cerebral hypoxia-ischemia reflecting a bioenergetics ...

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

使用磁共振成像实验性脑疟疾模型中的水肿发育​​和微血管病理学的体内追踪

Cerebral malaria is a sign of severe malarial disease and is often a harbinger of death. While aggressive management can be life-saving, the detection of ...

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla

7号特斯拉的心脏磁共振成像

CMR at an ultra-high field (magnetic field strength B0&#160;&#8805; 7 Tesla) benefits from the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage inherent at higher ...

Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Rat Common Carotid Artery

大鼠颈总动脉的相位对比磁共振成像

Phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI) is a noninvasive approach that can quantify flow-related parameters such as blood flow. Previous ...

Quantification of Levator Ani Hiatus Enlargement by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Males and Females with Pelvic Organ Prolapse

男性和女性盆腔器官脱垂的磁共振成像对左旋的定量研究

Here we present a protocol to examine the levator ani hiatus in males and females with pelvic organ prolapse, during the Valsalva maneuver and while ...

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for the Evaluation of Suspected Cardiac Thrombus: Conventional and Emerging Techniques

心脏磁共振评估疑似心脏血栓:常规和新兴技术

We present the conventional cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol for evaluating a suspected thrombus and highlight emerging techniques.&#160;The ...