Name: single-cell analysis of immunophenotype and cytokine production in peripheral whole blood via mass cytometry
Uploaded: 2018-06-26T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry at JoVE.com

Vi vil gerne takke Aimee Pugh-Bernard for hendes intellektuelle input og nyttige kommentarer. Dette arbejde blev støttet af Boettcher Foundation Webb-Waring Biomedical Research Award og prisen antallet K23-1K23AR070897 fra NIH til Elena W.Y. Hsieh. Hun blev også støttet af award nummer K12-HD000850 fra Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute for børns sundhed og menneskelige udvikling og Lucile Packard Foundation for børns sundhed, Stanford CTSA UL1 TR001085 og barn sundhedsforskning Institut for Stanford University.

Alle metoder beskrevet her er blevet godkendt af den Colorado flere institutionelle Review Board (COMIRB) på University of Colorado. Alle beskrevet nedenstående procedurer bør udføres i en steril vævskultur hætte, medmindre andet er angivet, med filtreret pipette tips, og alle reagenser filtreret.
1. forberedelse af reagenser til perifere fuldblod forarbejdning
<ol><li>Forberede ruxolitinib stock delprøver (10 – 15 μl/hætteglas til enkelt brug) på 10 mM ved at fortynde den fryset...

<ol>
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Her beskriver vi en roman, encellede, proteom tilgang til samtidig vurderer flere immun celletyper og afsløre deres forskellige cytokin perturbationer i milieu af patientens specifikke "patogene" perifer blodplasma cirkulerende faktorer. Denne metode beskæftiger perifere fuldblod som analytisk køretøj, og masse flowcytometri som redskab til evaluering af immun cellulære fænotypiske og funktionelle abnormiteter. Metoden kan let anvendes på menneskelige og mus undersøgelser21, og er kompatib...

Autoimmune sygdomme er en væsentlig årsag til sygelighed og dødelighed, som rammer 3-8% af befolkningen. I USA, autoimmune sygdomme er blandt de førende dødsårsager blandt unge og midaldrende kvinder (aldre < 65 år)1,2. Autoimmune sygdomme er karakteriseret ved heterogent klinisk præsentation og forskellige underliggende immunologiske processer. Spektret af heterogenitet er godt repræsenteret på tværs af forskellige lidelser, såsom fælles deltagelse i leddegigt (RA) og neurologiske sygdom i multipel sklerose (MS). Men dette niveau af heterogenitet eksemplificeres også inden for en enkelt sygdom, såsom systemisk lupus erythematosus (SLE): nogle patienter kan præsentere med renal patologi, mens andre lider af hæmatologiske eller fælles engagement3.
Den underliggende immunpatogenese i autoimmune sygdomme spejle den kliniske heterogenitet, der omfatter auto - og hyper-aktivering af flere medfødte og adaptive immun celle subsets, og samtidig dysregulated cytokin produktion. Mens cytokiner spiller en central rolle i patogenesen af autoimmune sygdom, forstå deres særlige rolle i mekanismen af sygdom har vist sig for at være udfordrende. Cytokiner er karakteriseret ved pleiotropy (én cytokin kan have flere effekter på forskellige celletyper), redundans (flere cytokiner kan have samme virkning), dualitet (én cytokin kan have pro - eller anti - inflammatoriske virkninger under forskellige betingelser), og plasticitet (cytokiner kan blive støbt ind i en rolle adskiller sig fra sin "original", afhængigt af miljøet)4,5,6. Derfor, befolkningen niveau metoder kan ikke skelne heterogene cellulære svar til den samme "cytokin miljø". Ligeledes studere design, der fokuserer på et specifikt aspekt af immunsystemet (en enkelt celletype eller cytokin), kan ikke tilbyde en samlet vurdering af alle de elementer, der er involveret i komplekse autoimmun sygdom. Mens patienten sera-baserede undersøgelser har givet vigtige indsigt i autoimmunitet, giver de ikke specifikke cellulære kilden til dysregulated cytokiner opdaget.
For nylig har udviklet vi en enkelt celle proteom tilgang til samtidig vurderer flere immun celletyper, og registrere deres forskellige cytokin perturbationer i milieu af patientens specifikke "patogene" perifer blodplasma cirkulerende faktorer. Arbejdsgangen beskrives her er karakteriseret ved brugen af intakt perifere blodprøver, i modsætning til isolerede perifert blod mononukleære celler (PBMC). Perifere fuldblod repræsenterer den mest fysiologisk relevante køretøj at studere systemisk immun-medieret sygdom, herunder 1) ikke-mononukleære blodceller ofte involveret i autoimmun sygdom (dvs., neutrofiler, trombocytter), og 2) plasma cirkulerende faktorer, såsom nukleinsyrer, immunkomplekser og cytokiner, der har immun aktivering roller. At fange den "iboende sygdomsfremkaldende" dysregulated cytokin produktion, perifert blod prøver behandles umiddelbart efter blod draw (T0, tid nul), og efter 6 h inkubation ved 37 ° C (fysiologiske kropstemperatur) med et protein transport hæmmer i mangel af enhver udefrakommende stimulerende tilstand (T6, tid 6 h), at opdage cytokin produktion (ophobning, T6-T0) som ville afspejle tilstanden "iboende" sygdom (figur 1). At studere dysregulated processer, der afspejler over eller under aktivering af signalering veje involveret i immunrespons, der er relevant for sygdommen, perifert blodprøver er behandlet (6 h inkubation ved 37 ° C med en protein transport hæmmer) med en udefrakommende stimulere tilstand, der afspejler sygdom patogenese, såsom Toll-lignende-Receptor (TLR) agonister for SLE (T6 + R848, tid 6 h med 1 µg/mL R848), for at opdage cytokin produktion, som ville afspejle en reaktion på nukleinsyrer (sammenligne T0 vs T6 vs T6 + R848, figur 1). For at studere immunmodulerende effekter af tilgængelige therapeutics ex vivo, som de vedrører de præcise immune dysregulated processer for specifikke patienter, behandles perifert blodprøver med en JAK hæmmer på den relevante terapeutiske koncentration (her, 5 uM ruxolitinib; T6 + 5R, tid 6 h med 5 uM ruxolitinib), til at registrere ændringer i "iboende" sygdom staten som reaktion på stoffet (T0 vs T6 vs T6 + 5R, figur 1). En JAK hæmmer blev valgt for denne undersøgelse, fordi JAK hæmmere har vist sig at være vellykkede i behandlingen af autoimmune lidelser som RA.
Du samtidig evaluerer dysregulated processer beskrevet ovenfor i flere immun celle subsets, perifert blodprøver fra SLE blev patienter og raske kontrolpersoner behandlet som beskrevet ovenfor og analyseret af masse flowcytometri. Masse flowcytometri, også kendt som flowcytometri-Time-Of-Flight, tilbyder enkelt-celle analyse af over 40 parametre uden problemer af spektrale overlapper7,8,9. Denne teknik benytter sjældne jordarters metal isotoper i form af opløselige metalioner som tags bundet til antistoffer, i stedet for fluorophores10. Yderligere oplysninger om masse flowcytometri teknologisk platform (dvs., tuning og kalibrering, prøven erhvervelse) kan findes i Leipold et al. og McCarthy et al. 11 , 12 high-dimensionalitet af masse flowcytometri muliggør samtidig måling af flere cytokiner i hele innat og adaptiv immun celle subsets med én celle granularitet (Tabel af materialer).
Nuværende konventionelle klinisk og laboratoriemæssig parametre er ofte ikke følsomme eller konkret nok til påvisning af igangværende sygdomsaktivitet eller svar på specifikke hæmmende13, afspejler behovet for at bedre afgrænse den underliggende immun ændringer, der drive flare-ups. Givet omsiggribende cytokin dysregulering i autoimmune sygdom, en overflod af behandlingsmetoder, der bruger antistoffer eller små molekylære hæmmere målretning cytokiner eller signalering proteiner involveret i reguleringen af cytokin produktion har for nylig opstået. I sin grundlæggende format giver den perifere blod analytiske fremgangsmåde beskrevet her en platform for at identificere patienten-specifikke dysregulated celle subsets og deres unormale cytokin produktion i autoimmune sygdom med systemiske manifestationer. Denne metode giver mulighed for brugertilpasning af terapeutiske muligheder som specifikke dysregulated cytokiner kan identificeres, og særlig behandling muligheder kan være testet ex vivo til at vurdere deres evne til at immunomodulate den patient bestemt sygdom proces.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Ruxolitinib</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SC-364729A</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 10 mM; Final Conc: 5 &#956;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>R848</td>
			<td>Invivogen</td>
			<td>tlrl-r848-5</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 1 &#956;g/&#956;L; Final Conc: 1 &#956;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LPS-EK</td>
			<td>Invivogen</td>
			<td>tlrl-eklps</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 1 &#956;g/&#956;L; Final Conc: 0.1 &#956;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile PBS</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>17-516F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lyse/Fix Buffer</td>
			<td>BD biosciences</td>
			<td>558049</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 5X; Final Conc: 1X (dilute in ddH2O)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;BD Phosflow perm/wash buffer I</td>
			<td>BD biosciences</td>
			<td>557885</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 10X; Final Conc: 1:10 (dilute in ddH2O)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21870-076</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Azide (NaN3)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S-8032</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: &#62;99.9%; Final Conc: 0.0002</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protein Transport Inhibitor (PTI)</td>
			<td>eBiosciences</td>
			<td>00-4980-93</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 500X; Final Conc: 1X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA Intercalator</td>
			<td>Fluidigm</td>
			<td>201192B</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 500 &#956;M; Final Conc: 0.1 &#956;M</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Staining Media (CSM)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>PBS + 0.5% BSA, 0.02% NaN3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MaxPar Barcode Perm Buffer</td>
			<td>Fluidigm</td>
			<td>201057</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 10X; Final Conc: 1X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20-plex Pd Barcode Set</td>
			<td>Fluidigm</td>
			<td>S0014</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: n/a; Final Conc: n/a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EQ TM Four Element Calibration Beads</td>
			<td>Fluidigm</td>
			<td>201078</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 10X; Final Conc: 1X</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>16% MeOH-free Formaldehyde Solution</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>28908</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: 16% (w/v); Final Conc: 1.6% (w/v)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile round bottom polystyrene tubes</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>60818-496</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: n/a; Final Conc: n/a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polypropylene cluster tubes</td>
			<td>Light Labs</td>
			<td>A-9001</td>
			<td>Stock Conc: n/a; Final Conc: n/a</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Helios CyTOF instrument</td>
			<td>Fluidigm</td>
			<td>Helios</td>
			<td>All solutions to be used in CyTOF analysis need to be free of metal contamination. ddH2O is used in the preparation of any solutions should have a resistivity of at least 18.0 M&#937;.cm. ddH2O and any self-prepared solutions should be stored in new plastic or glass bottles that have never been autoclaved.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibodies used for Mass Cytometry</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surface markers</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD1c</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>L161</td>
			<td>Mass: 161</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD3</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>UCHT1</td>
			<td>Mass: 144</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD4</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>SK3</td>
			<td>Mass: 174</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD7</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>M-T701</td>
			<td>Mass: 149</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD8</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>SK1</td>
			<td>Mass: 142</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD11b</td>
			<td>Fluidigm</td>
			<td>ICRF44</td>
			<td>Mass: 209</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD11c</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>B-ly6</td>
			<td>Mass: 152</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD15</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>HI98</td>
			<td>Mass: 115</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD14</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>M5E2</td>
			<td>Mass: 154</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD16</td>
			<td>eBioscience/Thermo</td>
			<td>B73.1</td>
			<td>Mass: 165</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD19</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SJ25C1</td>
			<td>Mass: 163</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD21</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>Bu32</td>
			<td>Mass: 141</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD27</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>L128</td>
			<td>Mass: 155</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD38</td>
			<td>Fluidigm</td>
			<td>HIT2</td>
			<td>Mass: 172</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD45 total</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>HI30</td>
			<td>Mass: 89</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD45RA</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>HI100</td>
			<td>Mass: 153</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD56</td>
			<td>Miltenyi</td>
			<td>REA196</td>
			<td>Mass: 168</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD66</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>B1.1/CD66</td>
			<td>Mass: 113</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD86</td>
			<td>Fluidigm</td>
			<td>IT2.2</td>
			<td>Mass: 150</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD123</td>
			<td>Fluidigm</td>
			<td>6H6</td>
			<td>Mass: 143</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD278/ICOS</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>C398.4A</td>
			<td>Mass: 156</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CD179/PD1</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>EH12.2H7</td>
			<td>Mass: 162</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IgD</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>IA6-2</td>
			<td>Mass: 146</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IgM</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>MHM-88</td>
			<td>Mass: 151</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CXCR5</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>RF8B2</td>
			<td>Mass: 173</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HLADR</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>L243</td>
			<td>Mass: 167</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytokines</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IL-1&#945;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>364-3B3-14</td>
			<td>Mass: 147</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IL-1&#946;</td>
			<td>Biolegend&#160;</td>
			<td>H1b-98</td>
			<td>Mass: 169</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IL-1RA</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz&#160;</td>
			<td>AS17</td>
			<td>Mass: 157</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IL-6</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>MQ2-13A5</td>
			<td>Mass: 164</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IL-8</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>E8N1</td>
			<td>Mass: 160</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IL-12/IL-23p40</td>
			<td>Biolegend&#160;</td>
			<td>C8.6</td>
			<td>Mass: 171</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IL-17A</td>
			<td>Biolegend&#160;</td>
			<td>BL168</td>
			<td>Mass: 148</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IL23p19</td>
			<td>eBioscience/Thermo</td>
			<td>23dcdp</td>
			<td>Mass: 176</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MIP1&#946;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>D21-1351</td>
			<td>Mass: 158</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MCP1</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>5D3-F7</td>
			<td>Mass: 170</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IFN&#945;</td>
			<td>Miltenyi&#160;</td>
			<td>LT27:295</td>
			<td>Mass: 175</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IFN&#947;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>4S.B3</td>
			<td>Mass: 165</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PTEN</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>A2B1</td>
			<td>Mass: 159</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TNF&#945;</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>Mab11</td>
			<td>Mass: 166</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Note: If the manufacturer is stated as Fluidigm, this antibody was purchased from Fluidigm with metal pre-conjugated. If the manufacturer is stated as other than Fluidigm, this antibody was self-conjugated using the MaxPar Multi-Metal Labeling&#160; Kit (Fluidigm Cat: 201300) according to manufacturer protocol.&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

single-cell analysis of immunophenotype and cytokine production in peripheral whole blood via mass cytometry

Cytokiner spiller en central rolle i patogenesen af autoimmune sygdomme. Derfor, måling af cytokin niveauer har været genstand for flere undersøgelser i et forsøg på at forstå de præcise mekanismer, der fører til fordeling af self-tolerance og efterfølgende autoimmunitet. Tilgange hidtil har været baseret på en undersøgelse af et bestemt aspekt af immunsystemet (en enkelt eller få celletyper eller cytokiner), og tilbyder ikke en global vurdering af komplekse autoimmun sygdom. Mens patienten sera-baserede undersøgelser har givet vigtige indsigt i autoimmunitet, giver de ikke specifikke cellulære kilden til dysregulated cytokiner opdaget. En omfattende encellede tilgang til at vurdere cytokin produktion i flere immun celle subsets, inden for rammerne af "iboende" patient-specifikke plasma cirkulerende faktorer, er beskrevet her. Denne tilgang giver mulighed for overvågning af patient-specifik immun fænotype (celleoverflademarkører) og funktion (cytokiner), enten i dets native "iboende patogene" sygdom stat, eller tilstedeværelse af terapeutiske agenter (in vivo eller ex vivo).

Figur 1 viser arbejdsprocesser for stimulering og behandling af perifert blodprøver, herunder tildeling af blod prøve delprøver, timing af tilsætning af stimulation agenter, protein transport hæmmer cocktail og inkubation gange indtil de røde blodlegemer (RBC) lysis og fiksering. Valget af stimulerende stoffer vil afhænge af den signalering og cytokin veje, der er beregnet til vurdering. For eksempel, i den protokol, der er beskrevet her, bruges TLR ag...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry at JoVE.com

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

Enkelt-celle analyse af Immunophenotype og cytokin produktion i perifere blod via masse flowcytometri

Her beskriver vi en enkelt celle proteom tilgang til at vurdere immun fænotypiske og funktionelle (intracellulære cytokin induktion) ændringer i det perifere blodprøver, analyseret via masse flowcytometri.

Cytokines play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Hence, the measurement of cytokine levels has been the focus of multiple studies ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry

Single-cell Analysis of Bacillus subtilis Biofilms Using Fluorescence Microscopy and Flow Cytometry

Encellede Analyse af Bacillus subtilis Biofilm Brug fluorescensmikroskopi og Flowcytometri

Biofilm formation is a general attribute to almost all bacteria 1-6. When bacteria form biofilms, cells are encased in extracellular matrix that is mostly ...

Enumeration of Major Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Populations for Multicenter Clinical Trials Using a Whole Blood Phenotyping Assay

Optælling af Major perifert blod leukocytpopulationer for multicenter kliniske undersøgelser med en Whole Blood fænotypebestemmelse Assay

Cryopreservation of peripheral blood leukocytes is widely used to preserve cells for immune response evaluations in clinical trials and offers many ...

Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production

Dissekere medfødte immunforsvar signalering i Viral Evasion af cytokinproduktion

In response to a viral infection, the host innate immune response is activated to up-regulate gene expression and production of antiviral cytokines. ...

Rapid Identification of Gram Negative Bacteria from Blood Culture Broth Using MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Rapid Identifikation af Gram-negative bakterier fra Blood kulturvæsken Brug MALDI-TOF-massespektrometri

An important role of the clinical microbiology laboratory is to provide rapid identification of bacteria causing bloodstream infection. Traditional ...

Detecting Glycogen in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells with Periodic Acid Schiff Staining

Afsløring glykogen i perifere mononukleære blodceller med Periodic Acid Schiff Farvning

Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining is an immunohistochemical technique used on muscle biopsies and as a diagnostic tool for blood samples. ...

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

Generation af human alloantigen-specifikke T-celler fra perifert blod

The study of human T lymphocyte biology often involves examination of responses to activating ligands. T cells recognize and respond to processed peptide ...

A Semi-automated Approach to Preparing Antibody Cocktails for Immunophenotypic Analysis of Human Peripheral Blood

En Semi-automatiske tilgang til Forberedelse Antibody Cocktails for immunfænotypisk Analyse af Human Perifer Blod

Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood by flow cytometry determines changes in the frequency and activation status of peripheral leukocytes during disease ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Glioma-infiltrating Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells

Isolering og flowcytometrianalyse gliom-infiltrerende perifere mononukleære blodceller

Our laboratory has recently demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells are capable of eradicating orthotopically implanted mouse GL26 and rat CNS-1 ...

Flow Cytometric Analysis of Natural Killer Cell Lytic Activity in Human Whole Blood

Flowcytometrisk analyse of Natural Killer Cell lytisk aktivitet i humant fuldblod

NK cell cytotoxicity is a widely used measure to determine the effect of outside intervention on NK cell function. However, the accuracy and ...

Characterization of Human Monocyte Subsets by Whole Blood Flow Cytometry Analysis

Karakterisering af humane monocyt delmængder af fuldblod Flow flowcytometri analyse

Monocytes are key contributors in various inflammatory disorders and alterations to these cells, including their subset proportions and functions, can ...