Name: differentiation, maintenance, and analysis of human retinal pigment epithelium cells: a disease-in-a-dish model for best1 mutations
Uploaded: 2018-08-24T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Differentiation, Maintenance, and Analysis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: A Disease-in-a-dish Model for BEST1 Mutations at JoVE.com

このプロジェクトは、立ち上げ資金のためのロチェスターの大学、GM127652、NIH 助成金 EY025290 で賄われていた。

1. hPSC RPE への分化
<ol><li>維持し、通路 hPSCs 前述した18。 注: (hPSC RPEs、hPSCs など) のすべてのセル成長および微分のプロトコルの期間中 5% CO2 37 ° C で育ちます。</li>
	<li>
分化する前にあらかじめコーティング 6 ウェル プレートに合流 hPSCs を分割します。
	<ol>
<li>コート プレート、約 1 時間の氷の上の基底膜マトリックスを解凍、1:50 で 4 ° C DMEM 培地?...

<ol>
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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BEST1:+the+Best+Target+for+Gene+and+Cell+Therapies.">BEST1: the Best Target for Gene and Cell Therapies.</a> Mol Ther. 23 (12), 1805-1809 (2015).</li><li>Marmorstein, A. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bestrophin,+the+product+of+the+Best+vitelliform+macular+dystrophy+gene+(VMD2),+localizes+to+the+basolateral+plasma+membrane+of+the+retinal+pigment+epithelium.">Bestrophin, the product of the Best vitelliform macular dystrophy gene (VMD2), localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97 (23), 12758-12763 (2000).</li><li>Boon, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+spectrum+of+ocular+phenotypes+caused+by+mutations+in+the+BEST1+gene.">The spectrum of ocular phenotypes caused by mutations in the BEST1 gene.</a> Prog Retin Eye Res. 28 (3), 187-205 (2009).</li><li>Marmorstein, A. D., Cross, H. E., Peachey, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+roles+of+bestrophins+in+ocular+epithelia.">Functional roles of bestrophins in ocular epithelia.</a> Prog Retin Eye Res. 28 (3), 206-226 (2009).</li><li>Fujii, S., Gallemore, R. P., Hughes, B. A., Steinberg, R. 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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Light-evoked+modulation+of+basolateral+membrane+Cl-+conductance+in+chick+retinal+pigment+epithelium:+the+light+peak+and+fast+oscillation.">Light-evoked modulation of basolateral membrane Cl- conductance in chick retinal pigment epithelium: the light peak and fast oscillation.</a> J Neurophysiol. 70 (4), 1669-1680 (1993).</li><li>Li, Y., Nguyen, H. V., Tsang, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skin+Biopsy+and+Patient-Specific+Stem+Cell+Lines.">Skin Biopsy and Patient-Specific Stem Cell Lines.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1353, 77-88 (2016).</li><li>Milenkovic, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bestrophin+1+is+indispensable+for+volume+regulation+in+human+retinal+pigment+epithelium+cells.">Bestrophin 1 is indispensable for volume regulation in human retinal pigment epithelium cells.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 112 (20), E2630-E2639 (2015).</li><li>Moshfegh, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BESTROPHIN1+mutations+cause+defective+chloride+conductance+in+patient+stem+cell-derived+RPE.">BESTROPHIN1 mutations cause defective chloride conductance in patient stem cell-derived RPE.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 25 (13), 2672-2680 (2016).</li><li>Li, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+mutations+impair+BESTROPHIN1's+essential+role+in+mediating+Ca2+-dependent+Cl-+currents+in+human+RPE.">Patient-specific mutations impair BESTROPHIN1's essential role in mediating Ca2+-dependent Cl- currents in human RPE.</a> Elife. 6, (2017).</li><li>Marmorstein, L. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+light+peak+of+the+electroretinogram+is+dependent+on+voltage-gated+calcium+channels+and+antagonized+by+bestrophin+(best-1).">The light peak of the electroretinogram is dependent on voltage-gated calcium channels and antagonized by bestrophin (best-1).</a> J Gen Physiol. 127 (5), 577-589 (2006).</li><li>Volland, S., Esteve-Rudd, J., Hoo, J., Yee, C., Williams, D. 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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rem,+a+member+of+the+RGK+GTPases,+inhibits+recombinant+CaV1.2+channels+using+multiple+mechanisms+that+require+distinct+conformations+of+the+GTPase.">Rem, a member of the RGK GTPases, inhibits recombinant CaV1.2 channels using multiple mechanisms that require distinct conformations of the GTPase.</a> J Physiol. 588 (Pt 10), 1665-1681 (2010).</li><li>Gong, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differentiation+of+Human+Protein-Induced+Pluripotent+Stem+Cells+toward+a+Retinal+Pigment+Epithelial+Cell+Fate.">Differentiation of Human Protein-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells toward a Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Fate.</a> PLoS One. 10 (11), e0143272 (2015).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ATP+activates+bestrophin+ion+channels+through+direct+interaction.">ATP activates bestrophin ion channels through direct interaction.</a> Nat Commun. 9 (1), 3126 (2018).</li></ol>

病気の料理方法の最も重要な手順は、 BEST1の RPE の正しいセル血統に病気の原因となる変異を有する hPSCs を区別することです。したがって、各分化実験後結果の hPSC 網膜色素上皮細胞慎重によって検証されるべきの成熟状態の RPE 固有の形態とタンパク質マーカー16,17,18。クローン アーチファクトを最小限に抑える?...

それは、少なくとも 5 つの網膜変性疾患がBEST1遺伝子1,2,3,4,5,6遺伝子の突然変異によって引き起こされるを記載されています。,7,8、200 と依然として増加を既に報告された突然変異の数。これらのBEST1-準の病気として知られている bestrophinopathies、進歩的な視野の損失と、さらには失明を引き起こすし、効果的な治療法は現在ありません。BEST1、すなわち BESTROPHIN1 の蛋白質の製品 (BEST1) は Ca2 +-アクティブ Cl-チャネル (CaCC) 目5,6、網膜色素上皮 (RPE) に特異的に発現 8,9。BEST1の重要な臨床表現型-関連疾患は眼球電図10,11; 測定光ピーク (LP) と呼ばれる、光の刺激に減らされた視覚反応LP は RPE12,13,14CaCC によって媒介されると考えられています。BEST1の突然変異の病理メカニズムをよりよく理解するために、潜在的な治療に向けてに取り組む、内生人間の網膜色素上皮細胞に発現変異の BEST1 チャンネルの勉強は必須です。
ただし、取得 RPE ライブ患者から直接細胞はない非常に実用的です。ネイティブの網膜色素上皮細胞は、人間の死体と胎児のバイオプシーから収穫されることが、これらの情報源に困難なアクセシビリティは大幅に、科学的な研究を制限しています。したがって、代替の RPE ソース以外の人間の目を持つことが重要です。この呼び出しは、幹細胞技術の最近の進歩によって回答されている網膜色素上皮細胞の機能が今ひと多能性幹細胞 (hPSCs) を含む萌芽期の幹細胞 (hESCs) から区別することができ、誘導多能性幹細胞 (hiPSCs)、後者リプログラミング ドナー16,17,18からプライマリ皮膚線維芽細胞によって生成されています。重要なは、自己更新と hPSCs の多能性確保 hiPSCs の患者特異性と hESCs (例えば、CRISPR によって) のゲノムの変更可能性の多彩な料理での疾患モデルを提供しています RPEs を生成する信頼性の高いソース目的のBEST1の突然変異。
hPSC RPE マウス RPE モデル上のいくつかの利点がある: 1) BEST1ノックアウト マウスの網膜異常19マウスとヒトの間 RPE でBEST1のさまざまな遺伝的要件の可能性を高めるを表示しません。2) 人間の網膜色素上皮細胞の 3% がマウス20; 35% と対照をなして、嬢だけ3) による網膜色素上皮移植の臨床を促進する網膜の治療疾患21。しかし、動物モデルがまだライブ システムに RPE の生理学と病理学を勉強するために不可欠である、ことの発癌性を見落すことができません。
ここでの手順では、研究と臨床目的のため使用することができます網膜色素上皮分化プロトコルに役に立つと適度に単純な hPSC について説明します。このプロトコルでは、ナイアシン (ビタミン B3) を使用して、hPSCs、RPE への分化誘導アクチビン A と治療に起因するさらに神経組織への分化を増強セル22を差別化のアポトーシス活性を減衰させることによってして、ニコチンアミド治療を色素細胞 (RPE への分化の記号) の数を増やす可能性が示されています。結果の hPSC 網膜色素上皮細胞は、ネイティブひと網膜色素上皮細胞22として同じキー マーカー、石畳の形態と細胞機能を表示します。したがって、研究の設定で、結果の hPSC 網膜色素上皮細胞は、法、免疫染色と細胞パッチクの詳細な実験手順は提供されていますを含む下流の機能解析に適しています。臨床的に、幹細胞由来網膜色素上皮細胞は、動物試験とひと試験23の黄斑変性症の移植治療のための大きな可能性を示しています。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Knock-Out (KO) DMEM</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>10829018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KO serum replacement</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>10829028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nonessential amino acids</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>11140050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamine</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>35050061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>10378016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nicotinamide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>N0636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human activin-A</td>
			<td>PeproTech</td>
			<td>120-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEM (a modification)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M4526</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>97068-085</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N1 supplement</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>N6530</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamine-penicillin-streptomycin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G1146</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nonessential amino acids</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7156</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Taurine</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T0625</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrocortisone</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H0386</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triiodo-thyronin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T5516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mTeSR-1 medium</td>
			<td>Stemcell Technologies</td>
			<td>5850</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>356230</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17104019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>45000-664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>M-PER mammalian protein extraction reagent</td>
			<td>Pierce</td>
			<td>78501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>proteinase inhibitor cocktail</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>4693159001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPE65 antibody</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NB100-355</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CRALBP antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab15051</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BEST1 antibody</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NB300-164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Beta Actin antibody</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>MA5-15739</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated donkey anti-mouse IgG</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>A-21202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-mouse IgG</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>SA5-35521</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-Rabbit IgG</td>
			<td>LI-COR Biosciences</td>
			<td>926-68071</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33342</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>62249</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEKA EPC10 patch clamp amplifier</td>
			<td>Warner Instruments</td>
			<td>895000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Patchmaster</td>
			<td>Warner Instruments</td>
			<td>895040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

differentiation, maintenance, and analysis of human retinal pigment epithelium cells: a disease-in-a-dish model for best1 mutations

人間BEST1遺伝子の 200 以上の遺伝的変異を特定し、網膜変性疾患にリンクされている、病理学的メカニズムままBEST1を研究するためのモデル良い体内の不足のために主にとらえどころのないです。生理学的な条件の下でその変異体。BEST1は、イオン チャネル、すなわち BESTROPHIN1 をエンコード (BEST1)、網膜色素上皮 (RPE) の機能ただし、ネイティブのひと網膜色素上皮細胞に非常に限定されたユーザー補助は、科学研究の主要な課題を表します。このプロトコルでは、ひと多能性幹細胞 (hPSCs) から誘導される分化によってBEST1病気を引き起こす突然変異をつける人間の RPEs を生成する方法について説明します。HPSCs は自己再生可能、このアプローチにより、hPSC-RPEs 法、蛍光抗体法、パッチク ランプなどの様々 な実験的解析のための着実なソースを持っている研究者の非常に強力な皿での疾患モデルを提供しますBEST1-網膜の条件に関連付けられています。特に、この戦略は、RPE (病態) 生理と RPE でネイティブ表現の興味の他の遺伝子研究に適用できます。

差別化された P0 hPSC RPE 人口の高純度を達成するためにめざす手動分離の最も技術的に挑戦的なステップです。成功した分離後 > P0人口の 90% の細胞が成長し、成熟署名 RPE 形態 (図 1) を表示します。RPE 非または P0人口の未熟な網膜色素上皮細胞のマイナーな部分の存在はほぼ避けられないが、下流の実験と干渉しない限?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Differentiation, Maintenance, and Analysis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: A Disease-in-a-dish Model for BEST1 Mutations at JoVE.com

Differentiation, Maintenance, and Analysis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: A Disease-in-a-dish Model for BEST1 Mutations

差別化、保守、および人間の網膜色素上皮細胞の解析: BEST1変異の皿での疾患モデル

患者由来の変異ひと多能性幹細胞からの網膜色素上皮 (RPE) を区別するためにプロトコルをご紹介します。変異細胞は、免疫ブロット、蛍光抗体法、パッチク ランプなど機能の分析に使用可能性があります。この病気の料理方法は、ネイティブのひと網膜色素上皮細胞を得ることが困難を回避できます。

Although over 200 genetic mutations in the human BEST1 gene have been identified and linked to retinal degenerative diseases, the pathological mechanisms ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Differentiation, Maintenance, and Analysis of Human Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells: A Disease-in-a-dish Model for BEST1 Mutations

Analysis of Cap-binding Proteins in Human Cells Exposed to Physiological Oxygen Conditions

生理的酸素条件に曝露されたヒト細胞におけるキャップ結合タンパク質の解析

Translational control is a focal point of gene regulation, especially during periods of cellular stress. Cap-dependent translation via the eIF4F complex ...

Genome Editing and Directed Differentiation of hPSCs for Interrogating Lineage Determinants in Human Pancreatic Development

ヒト膵臓の開発にリネージュの決定要因を問い合わせるためのゲノム編集とhPSCsの指向性分化

Interrogating gene function in self-renewing or differentiating human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offers a valuable platform towards understanding ...

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

DNA 変更染色: 共焦点画像の数値解析

For several decades, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) has been thought to be the only DNA modification with a functional significance in metazoans. The discovery of ...

Highly Efficient Gene Disruption of Murine and Human Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells by CRISPR/Cas9

CRISPR/Cas9 によるマウスおよび人間の造血前駆細胞の高効率遺伝子破壊

Advances in the hematopoietic stem cell (HSCs) field have been aided by methods to genetically engineer primary progenitor cells as well as animal models. ...

Single Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction for Comprehensive and Simultaneous Detection of Mutations in Hotspot Regions

ホット スポット領域の変異の包括的かつ同時検出のための単一液滴デジタル ポリメラーゼの連鎖反応

Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a highly sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method based on sample fractionation ...

Endogenous Protein Tagging in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using CRISPR/Cas9

人間でタグ内因性のタンパク質誘導多能性幹細胞 CRISPR/Cas9 を使用して

A protocol is presented for generating human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that express endogenous proteins fused to in-frame&#160;N- or ...

CRISPR-mediated Genome Editing of the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans

CRISPR-mediated Genome Editing of the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans

CRISPR を介したゲノム人間病原菌カンジダの編集

This method describes the efficient CRISPR mediated genome editing of the diploid human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. CRISPR-mediated genome editing ...

Single-cell RNA Sequencing and Analysis of Human Pancreatic Islets

ヒト膵島の単一細胞RNAシーケンシングと解析

Pancreatic islets comprise of endocrine cells with distinctive hormone expression patterns. The endocrine cells show functional differences in response to ...

Identifying Mutations by High Resolution Melting in a TILLING Population of Rice

米の耕作集団における高解像度溶融による変異の同定

Target Induced Local Lesions In Genomes (TILLING) is a strategy of reverse genetics for the high-throughput screening of induced mutations. However, the ...

Characterization of In Vitro Differentiation of Human Primary Keratinocytes by RNA-Seq Analysis

RNA-Seq解析によるヒト原発性角化細胞のインビトロ分化の特徴

Human primary keratinocytes are often used as in vitro models for studies on epidermal differentiation and related diseases. Methods have been reported ...