Name: synthesis of substrate-bound au nanowires via an active surface growth mechanism
Uploaded: 2018-07-18T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism at JoVE.com

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (21703104), Jiangsu Science and Technology Plan (SBK2017041514) Nanjing Tech University (39837131), and SICAM Fellowship from Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials.

Caution: Please check the material safety data sheets (MSDS) of the chemicals for detailed handling and storage instruction. Please be careful while handling the nanomaterials, as there may be unidentified risk. Please perform the experiments in a fume hood and wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
1. Synthesis of Seed Nanoparticles
Note: To avoid failure caused by the premature nucleation during the nanoparticle synthesis, wash the glassware and stir bar us...

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The mechanism of this active surface growth governed nanowire synthesis has been discussed comprehensively in previous work19. In addition, the effects of seed sizes and types as well as the effect of ligand types and sizes have also been investigated20,21. Generally. the nanowire growth is very different from previous reported routes. No template is required, and the asymmetric growth is induced by the differences between the ligand-cappe...

Typical of one dimensional nanomaterials, nanowires possess both the bulk-related properties and the unique properties originated from the quantum effects of the nanoscale structure. As a bridge between the nanoscale and the bulk scale materials, they have been widely applied in various fields of catalysis, sensing, and nanoelectronic devices, etc.1,2,3.
However, the synthesis of nanowires has long been a great challenge, as it usually requires breaking the intrinsic symmetry in the crystals. Traditionally, a template is employed to regulate the deposition of materials. For instance, template-electrodeposition has been used for the formation of various types of nanowires like Ag nanowires and CdS nanowires4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Another common approach is vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth, which employs a molten catalyst to induce the anisotropic growth on the substrate at an elevated temperature11. Common strategies for the synthesis of metal nanowires are the polyol methods for Ag nanowires and the oleylamine-assisted ultrathin Au nanowires12,13,14,15. Both approaches are material-specific, and the nanowire parameters are not readily tuned during the synthesis. In addition, metal nanowires can also be formed by the pressure-driven method, where the assembled metal nanoparticles are mechanically compressed and fused into nanowires16,17,18.
Recently, we reported a distinctive method to synthesis Au nanowires19. With the assist of a thiolated small molecule ligand, the nanowires could grow and form a vertically aligned array on the bulk Si wafer substrate at ambient conditions. It was found that the ligands play an important role in the symmetry-breaking growth. It binds to the surface of the substrate-adsorbed Au seeds strongly, forcing the Au to deposit selectively at the ligand-deficient interface between seeds and substrate. The interface between the newly deposited Au and the substrate remains ligand deficient, therefore, the active surface exists throughout the whole growth. By tuning the ligand concentration, the seed type and concentration as well as several other parameters, a series of Au nanowire-based nanostructures could be synthesized.
In this work, we will provide a detailed protocol for this convenient Au nanowires synthesis. The derived synthesis is also presented, including the synthesis of Au nanowires with hydrophobic surface property, Au nanowires on other substrates, tapered Au nanowires by mixing two ligands and the nanowire-based Au nanostructures formed by tuning the growth conditions.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="846">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Trisodium citrate dihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: 5008F14U</td>
			<td style="width:203px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium borohydride</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: STBG0330V</td>
			<td>NaBH4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hydrogen tetrachloroaurate(III) trihydrate</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: T19C006</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">HAuCl4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">J&#38;K Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: LT20Q102</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">APTES</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-ascorbic acid&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: SLBL9227V</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4-mercaptobenzoic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: MKBV5048V</td>
			<td style="width:203px;">4-MBA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2-Naphthalenethiol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: BCBP4238V</td>
			<td>2-NpSH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4-Mercaptophenylacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: 10199160</td>
			<td>4-MPAA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3-mercaptobenzoic acid</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Aladdin</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: G1213027</td>
			<td>3-MBA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3-Mercaptopropionic acid</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Aladdin</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">LoT: E1618095</td>
			<td>3-MPA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">absolute ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Sinopharm chemical Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">20170802</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Silicon wafer</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Zhe Jiang lijing</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">P</td>
			<td>Si</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scanning Electron Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Quanta FEG 250</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
			<td>SEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Centrifuge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">5424</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultrasonic cleaner&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Kun Shan hechuang</td>
			<td style="width:179px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Ultra-pure water system</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">NanJing qianyan</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">UP6682-10-11</td>
			<td>for deionized water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:256px;">Plasma cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Harrick Plasma</td>
			<td style="width:179px;">PDC-002</td>
			<td>for oxygen plasma</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of substrate-bound au nanowires via an active surface growth mechanism

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a challenge, as it requires asymmetric growth of symmetric crystals. Here, we report a distinctive synthesis of substrate-bound Au nanowires. This template-free synthesis employs thiolated ligands and substrate adsorption to achieve the continuous asymmetric deposition of Au in solution at ambient conditions. The thiolated ligand prevented the Au deposition on the exposed surface of the seeds, so the Au deposition only occurs at the interface between the Au seeds and the substrate. The side of the newly deposited Au nanowires is immediately covered with the thiolated ligand, while the bottom facing the substrate remains ligand-free and active for the next round of Au deposition. We further demonstrate that this Au nanowire growth can be induced on various substrates, and different thiolated ligands can be used to regulate the surface chemistry of the nanowires. The diameter of the nanowires can also be controlled with mixed ligands, in which another &#34;bad&#34; ligand could turn on the lateral growth. With the understanding of the mechanism, Au nanowire-based nanostructures can be designed and synthesized.

The Au nanoparticle seeds, substrate-bound Au nanowires and Au nanowire-based derivative nanostructures are characterized with SEM. Figure 1 shows the representative SEM images of the 3-5 nm Au nanoparticles, 15 nm Au Nanoparticles and 40 nm Au nanoparticles adsorbed on the Si wafer, confirming their sizes, adsorption and distribution. The Au nanowires grown from the respective seeds on the Si wafer substrate are also presented. The representative SEM images ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

We report a solution-based method to synthesize substrate-bound Au nanowires. By tuning the molecular ligands used during the synthesis, the Au nanowires can be grown from various substrates with different surface properties. Au nanowire-based nanostructures can also be synthesized by adjusting the reaction parameters.

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a ...

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