Name: generation and control of electrohydrodynamic flows in aqueous electrolyte solutions
Uploaded: 2018-09-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions at JoVE.com

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1. 整流离子输送引起的 EHD 流量
<ol><li>一种用于整流离子输送通路的流道装置的研制
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<li>制作一层聚四氟乙烯模具:<ol>
<li>使用铣削机从聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE) 块中切割 13 x 30 x 10 mm3模具 (见图 2)。或者, 购买定制产品。</li>
			<li>在 PTFE 模具两端的 15 x 18 x 1 毫米3的丙烯酸板与一个塑料胶粘剂, 这将使裂缝在水库解决偏置电极。这些零件可以从一个?...

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本研究的目的是将阳离子和阴离子与水溶液中的空间分布和传输数分开。使用阴离子交换膜, 阴离子和阳离子的传输可以在膜和渗透膜的流动通道中得到矫正。二者择一地, 分离高和低浓度解决方案的阳离子交换膜工作, 在相当长的等待时间后产生电极化溶液。因此, 整流离子电流成功地降低了应用电压, 以诱导离子拖动 EHD 流。
在这里提出的方法是适用于低应用电压的水溶液, ...

近年来, 液体流量控制技术引起了人们的广泛关注, 因为它对微 nanofluidic 器件的应用有很大的兴趣1、2、3、4、5、6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15. 在极性溶液中, 如水溶液和离子液体, 离子和带电粒子通常会在液体流动中产生电荷。这种极化粒子的传输提供了各种应用的扩展, 如单分子操作6、10、11、13、14,15,16,17、离子二极管器件12、18、液体流量控制19、20、21、22。EHD 流是 Stuetzer 1 以来液体流量控制系统的一个适用现象,2发明了离子拖动泵。Melcher 和泰勒3发表了一篇重要文章, 其中 EHD 流的理论框架进行了很好的回顾和一些突出的实验也证明。萨维尔4和他的工友23,24贡献了 EHD 技术的以下扩展在液体。然而, 有一些限制, 以诱导液体流驱动的电力, 因为有数以万计的 kV 必须应用在液体中注入电荷的非极性溶液, 如油, 极化他们1,2,3. 这是水溶液的一个缺点, 因为电位高于 1.23 V 的电电解会改变溶液的特性, 使溶液不稳定。
在微和 nanofluidic 通道中, 通道壁的表面电荷导致 counterions 在外部应用电场25、26、27 下有效诱导渗流 (EOFs) 的浓度. ,28,29。使用 EOFs, 一些液体泵浦技术已应用于水溶液中, 降低了电压30,31,32。另一方面, EOFs 被限制在微观和 nanospaces 中产生, 而表面区域比液体体积更具优势。此外, 由于高度集中离子的传输非常接近壁面, 如在电双层, 滑移边界只导致液体流动, 这可能不足以使压力梯度7,8,22,26,27. 用于 EOF 的应用需要微调, 如通道尺寸和盐浓度。相比之下, 如果可以降低应用电压, 以避免降解溶剂, 则由身体力量驱动的 EHD 流似乎可以用于运输质量和能量。最近, 一些研究人员提出了低电压33、34、35、36EHD 流的应用。虽然这些技术尚未实施, 但预计边界将会扩大。
在以前的研究中, 我们还对水溶液37、38、39、40中的 EHD 流进行了实验和理论研究。在电场作用下, 离子传输通路的校正是产生带电的溶液的有效方法。通过使用离子交换膜和通过膜的流动通道, 我们能够矫正离子电流。在应用阴离子交换膜时, 离子集中在流道上, 将溶剂拖走, 形成了 EHD 流37、38、39。离子和阴离子电流分离的一个重要的因素是在不同类型的阳离子和阴离子的流动。离子交换膜由于离子选择性而有效地调节了流动性。从41应用电场影响的离子电流密度的角度研究了离子传输现象。这些研究为发展单一分子的操作技术, 即微粒子和纳米微粒, 产生了丰硕的成果, 其运动受到热涨落11、16、17 的强烈影响..EOFs 和 EHD 流量预计将扩大精确流量控制方法和压力梯度的各种。
在本研究中, 我们演示了两种在水溶液中驱动 EHD 流的方法。首先, 氢氧化钠溶液用于工作流体驱动 EHD 流37,38,39。阴离子交换膜将液体分离成两部分。一个烷的流通道, 其截面为 1 x 1 毫米, 长度为3毫米, 穿透膜。利用 2.2 V 的电势, 沿电场诱导 Na+、H+和 OH−离子的电泳传输。阴离子交换膜和流道有效地分离出离子传输通路, 在那里, 阴离子主要通过膜和阳离子集中在流道中, 虽然两种通常在相反方向移动,维护 electroneutrality。因此, 这种情况不会造成液体流动的驱动力。这种结构对于产生一个 EHD 流, 其流速达到1毫米/秒在通道中的顺序是至关重要的, 因为由外部电场加速的高浓度阳离子会拖累溶剂分子。EHD 流是通过显微镜和高速相机观察和记录的, 如图 1所示。第二, 由离子交换膜分离的两个液相之间的浓度差导致了通过离子交换膜40产生的电极化条件。在这项研究中, 我们发现了相当长的等待时间的重要性, 平衡离子分布和相应的电势, 这会导致更好的条件适用于身体的力量在液体中。通过离子交换膜, 实现了弱极化条件。在这种情况下, 外部应用电场诱导定向离子传输, 在液体中产生体力, 因此, 从离子到溶剂的动量转移发展出 EHD 流。
如上所述, 目前的装置成功地大幅度降低了应用电压差到几个伏特, 因此这种方法可以用于水溶液, 虽然传统的电荷注入方法需要数伏和仅限于非水溶液的应用。

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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:283px;">Sylgard 184</td>
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generation and control of electrohydrodynamic flows in aqueous electrolyte solutions

为了驱动 electrohydrodynamic (EHD) 在水溶液中的流动, 阳离子和阴离子传输通路的分离是必不可少的, 因为在液体中离子运动必须诱导出定向的电体力。另一方面, 正负电荷相互吸引, electroneutrality 在平衡条件下处处保持。此外, 必须抑制施加电压的增加, 以避免水电解, 从而使溶液变得不稳定。通常, 在非水溶液中, EHD 流可以通过应用极高的电压 (如伏伏特) 来注入电荷来诱导。在这项研究中, 引入两种方法来产生由电荷分离引起的 EHD 流, 在水溶液中, 两个液相由离子交换膜分离。由于膜离子流动的不同, 膜的两侧产生离子浓度极化。在本研究中, 我们演示了两种方法。(i) 离子浓度梯度的松弛是通过渗透离子交换膜的流道而产生的, 在这种通道中, 膜中较慢的物种在流动通道中有选择性地成为主导。这是在液体中产生 EHD 流的驱动力。(二) 通过离子交换膜传播离子的时间长, 可以通过外部应用电场产生离子拖曳流。离子集中在流道的 1 x 1 毫米2剖面上, 确定液流方向, 对应于电泳输送通路。在这两种方法中, 通过整流离子传输通路, EHD 流产生的电压差急剧降低到接近 2 V。

图 4(视频图) 显示了 EHD 流产生的一个代表性结果, 这是由于在该协议的步骤1中, 离子传输通路和高度集中的阳离子的整流导致了通道内的液体流动。图 5显示了 PIV 分析的结果, 其中20个数据点靠近通道中心 (y = z = 0 毫米) 的平均值。在 1 x 10−1摩尔/L 氢氧化钠溶液的情况下, 当在t = 5 s 上应用 2.2 V 的电...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions at JoVE.com

Generation and Control of Electrohydrodynamic Flows in Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions

离子传输通路的校正是产生单向离子拖曳 electrohydrodynamic 流的有效方法。通过在流道中设置离子交换膜, 产生电极化条件, 并在外部应用电场时使液体流动被驱动。

水电解质溶液中 Electrohydrodynamic 流的产生与控制

To drive electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flows in aqueous solutions, the separation of cation and anion transport pathways is essential because a directed ...

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The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

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