Name: expression and purification of mammalian bestrophin ion channels
Uploaded: 2018-08-02T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Expression and Purification of Mammalian Bestrophin Ion Channels at JoVE.com

Dette projekt blev finansieret af NIH tilskud EY025290, GM127652 og University of Rochester start-up finansiering.

1. fremstilling af BacMam udtryk Baculoviruses
<ol><li>Indsæt den kodende sekvens af en ønskede pattedyr bestrophin protein i pind BacMam vektor18 med en tobak Etch Virus (TEV) protease anerkendelse sekvens, efterfulgt af en normal god landbrugspraksis-10 x hans-tag på C-terminalen af proteinet.</li>
	<li>Forbigående transfect udtryk plasmid til selvklæbende HEK293 celler19,20,21,<sup cl...

<ol>
	<li>Hartzell, H. C., Qu, Z., Yu, K., Xiao, Q., Chien, L. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+physiology+of+bestrophins:+multifunctional+membrane+proteins+linked+to+best+disease+and+other+retinopathies.">Molecular physiology of bestrophins: multifunctional membrane proteins linked to best disease and other retinopathies.</a> Physiological Review. 88 (2), 639-672 (2008).</li><li>Marmorstein, A. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bestrophin,+the+product+of+the+Best+vitelliform+macular+dystrophy+gene+(VMD2),+localizes+to+the+basolateral+plasma+membrane+of+the+retinal+pigment+epithelium.">Bestrophin, the product of the Best vitelliform macular dystrophy gene (VMD2), localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 97 (23), 12758-12763 (2000).</li><li>Marquardt, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+in+a+novel+gene,+VMD2,+encoding+a+protein+of+unknown+properties+cause+juvenile-onset+vitelliform+macular+dystrophy+(Best's+disease).">Mutations in a novel gene, VMD2, encoding a protein of unknown properties cause juvenile-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best's disease).</a> Human Molecular Genetics. 7 (9), 1517-1525 (1998).</li><li>Petrukhin, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+the+gene+responsible+for+Best+macular+dystrophy.">Identification of the gene responsible for Best macular dystrophy.</a> Nature Genetics. 19 (3), 241-247 (1998).</li><li>Li, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+mutations+impair+BESTROPHIN1's+essential+role+in+mediating+Ca2+-dependent+Cl-+currents+in+human+RPE.">Patient-specific mutations impair BESTROPHIN1's essential role in mediating Ca2+-dependent Cl- currents in human RPE.</a> eLife. 6, (2017).</li><li>Tsunenari, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure-function+analysis+of+the+bestrophin+family+of+anion+channels.">Structure-function analysis of the bestrophin family of anion channels.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (42), 41114-41125 (2003).</li><li>Kane Dickson, V., Pedi, L., Long, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+and+insights+into+the+function+of+a+Ca(2+)-activated+Cl(-)+channel.">Structure and insights into the function of a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel.</a> Nature. 516 (7530), 213-218 (2014).</li><li>Yang, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+and+selectivity+in+bestrophin+ion+channels.">Structure and selectivity in bestrophin ion channels.</a> Science. 346 (6207), 355-359 (2014).</li><li>Johnson, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bestrophin+1+and+retinal+disease.">Bestrophin 1 and retinal disease.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. , (2017).</li><li>Allikmets, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+the+Best+disease+gene+in+patients+with+age-related+macular+degeneration+and+other+maculopathies.">Evaluation of the Best disease gene in patients with age-related macular degeneration and other maculopathies.</a> Human Genetics. 104 (6), 449-453 (1999).</li><li>Burgess, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biallelic+mutation+of+BEST1+causes+a+distinct+retinopathy+in+humans.">Biallelic mutation of BEST1 causes a distinct retinopathy in humans.</a> American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (1), 19-31 (2008).</li><li>Davidson, A. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Missense+mutations+in+a+retinal+pigment+epithelium+protein,+bestrophin-1,+cause+retinitis+pigmentosa.">Missense mutations in a retinal pigment epithelium protein, bestrophin-1, cause retinitis pigmentosa.</a> American Journal of Human Genetics. 85 (5), 581-592 (2009).</li><li>Kramer, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+in+the+VMD2+gene+are+associated+with+juvenile-onset+vitelliform+macular+dystrophy+(Best+disease)+and+adult+vitelliform+macular+dystrophy+but+not+age-related+macular+degeneration.">Mutations in the VMD2 gene are associated with juvenile-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best disease) and adult vitelliform macular dystrophy but not age-related macular degeneration.</a> European Journal of Human Genetics. 8 (4), 286-292 (2000).</li><li>Yardley, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+of+VMD2+splicing+regulators+cause+nanophthalmos+and+autosomal+dominant+vitreoretinochoroidopathy+(ADVIRC).">Mutations of VMD2 splicing regulators cause nanophthalmos and autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy (ADVIRC).</a> Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 45 (10), 3683-3689 (2004).</li><li>Yang, T., Justus, S., Li, Y., Tsang, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BEST1:+the+Best+Target+for+Gene+and+Cell+Therapies.">BEST1: the Best Target for Gene and Cell Therapies.</a> Molecular Therapy. 23 (12), 1805-1809 (2015).</li><li>Boyce, F. M., Bucher, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Baculovirus-mediated+gene+transfer+into+mammalian+cells.">Baculovirus-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 93 (6), 2348-2352 (1996).</li><li>Kost, T. A., Condreay, J. P., Jarvis, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Baculovirus+as+versatile+vectors+for+protein+expression+in+insect+and+mammalian+cells.">Baculovirus as versatile vectors for protein expression in insect and mammalian cells.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 23 (5), 567-575 (2005).</li><li>Goehring, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Screening+and+large-scale+expression+of+membrane+proteins+in+mammalian+cells+for+structural+studies.">Screening and large-scale expression of membrane proteins in mammalian cells for structural studies.</a> Nature Protocols. 9 (11), 2574-2585 (2014).</li><li>Yang, T., He, L. L., Chen, M., Fang, K., Colecraft, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bio-inspired+voltage-dependent+calcium+channel+blockers.">Bio-inspired voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers.</a> Nature Communications. 4, 2540 (2013).</li><li>Yang, T., Hendrickson, W. A., Colecraft, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preassociated+apocalmodulin+mediates+Ca2+-dependent+sensitization+of+activation+and+inactivation+of+TMEM16A/16B+Ca2+-gated+Cl-+channels.">Preassociated apocalmodulin mediates Ca2+-dependent sensitization of activation and inactivation of TMEM16A/16B Ca2+-gated Cl- channels.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 111 (51), 18213-18218 (2014).</li><li>Yang, T., Puckerin, A., Colecraft, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+RGK+GTPases+differentially+use+alpha1-+and+auxiliary+beta-binding-dependent+mechanisms+to+inhibit+CaV1.2/CaV2.2+channels.">Distinct RGK GTPases differentially use alpha1- and auxiliary beta-binding-dependent mechanisms to inhibit CaV1.2/CaV2.2 channels.</a> Public Library of Science One. 7 (5), e37079 (2012).</li><li>Yang, T., Suhail, Y., Dalton, S., Kernan, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetically+encoded+molecules+for+inducibly+inactivating+CaV+channels.">Genetically encoded molecules for inducibly inactivating CaV channels.</a> Nature Chemical Biology. 3 (12), 795-804 (2007).</li><li>Yang, T., Xu, X., Kernan, T., Wu, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rem,+a+member+of+the+RGK+GTPases,+inhibits+recombinant+CaV1.2+channels+using+multiple+mechanisms+that+require+distinct+conformations+of+the+GTPase.">Rem, a member of the RGK GTPases, inhibits recombinant CaV1.2 channels using multiple mechanisms that require distinct conformations of the GTPase.</a> Journal of Physiology. 588 (Pt 10), 1665-1681 (2010).</li><li>Kawate, T., Gouaux, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence-detection+size-exclusion+chromatography+for+precrystallization+screening+of+integral+membrane+proteins.">Fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography for precrystallization screening of integral membrane proteins.</a> Structure. 14 (4), 673-681 (2006).</li><li>Schmidt, C., Urlaub, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combining+cryo-electron+microscopy+(cryo-EM)+and+cross-linking+mass+spectrometry+(CX-MS)+for+structural+elucidation+of+large+protein+assemblies.">Combining cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and cross-linking mass spectrometry (CX-MS) for structural elucidation of large protein assemblies.</a> Currents Opinions in Structural Biology. 46, 157-168 (2017).</li><li>Sun, W., Zheng, W., Simeonov, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drug+discovery+and+development+for+rare+genetic+disorders.">Drug discovery and development for rare genetic disorders.</a> American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 173 (9), 2307-2322 (2017).</li></ol>

Denne protokol beskriver en nyttig pipeline til proteinekspression og -oprensning af pattedyr bestrophin Ionkanaler skal anvendes til fremtidige i vitro analyser. Mens FPLC enheden er påkrævet til størrelse-udelukkelse kromatografi, er en sprøjten pumpe tilstrækkelig for alle skridt af affinitet kromatografi herunder bindende, vask og eluerer. Når du bruger en sprøjten pumpe til push løsninger (i en sprøjte) gennem en kolonne, er det vigtigt at underlag i foråret side for at undgå at skubbe luftbobler...

Bestrophins er en familie af Ionkanaler bevaret gennem arter varierer fra bakterier til mennesker1. Hos mennesker koder BEST1 -genet, placeret på kromosom 11q12.3, membran protein Bestrophin-1 (BEST1), som er overvejende udtrykt i basolateral membranen af retinale pigment epitel (ÅV) celler i øjnene2,3 ,4. Består af 585 aminosyrer, de første ~ 350 som er meget bevaret blandt arter og indeholder den transmembrane region, fungerer BEST1 som en CaCC i mennesker1,5,6. Desuden BEST1 homologs i kyllinger og Klebsiella pneumoniae både fungere som homopentamers7,8, tyder på en høj grad af bevarelse i hele udviklingen.
I mennesker, har over 200 mutationer i BEST1 genet været klinisk knyttet til en gruppe af retinale degeneration sygdomme kaldet bestrophinopathies1,9. Fem specifikke bestrophinopathies er blevet rapporteret, herunder bedste sygdom, voksen-debut vitelliform dystrofi, autosomal dominerende vitreoretinochoroidopathy, autosomal recessiv bestrophinopathy og retinitis pigmentosa3,4 ,10,11,12,13,14. Disse sygdomme, som fører til nedsat syn og endda blindhed, er i øjeblikket uhelbredelige. For at udvikle terapeutiske behandlinger og potentielt personlig medicin, er det vigtigt at forstå, hvordan disse BEST1 sygdomsforårsagende mutationer påvirke funktion og struktur af BEST1 kanal15. Til disse formål, forskere har brug at få renset bestrophin (vildtype og/eller mutant) kanaler og gennemføre i vitro analyser5,8.
Det første vigtige skridt er udtryk for bestrophin kanaler fra højere arter i pattedyrsceller. Som baculovirus transduktion af HEK293-F celler (BacMam system) er en kraftfuld metode til at heterologously express membran proteiner16,17, denne protokol udnytter en optimeret BacMam vektor (pEG BacMam) for robust udtryk for den målrette protein18, som i dette tilfælde er et pattedyr bestrophin homolog. Denne vektor er blevet brugt til udtryk for forskellige Membranproteiner, herunder G-protein-koblede receptorer, nukleare receptorer og andre ion kanaler18. Der er også beviser for, at de fremstillede proteiner er egnet til krystallografi18. Med høje niveauer af udtryk i HEK293-F celler, kan proteiner derefter renses ved hjælp af kromatografi; specifikt for bestrophins, kan både affinitet og størrelse-udelukkelse kromatografi anvendes.
Når denne protokol er finjusteret for en bestrophin kanal, kan den renset protein derefter analyseres for dets funktion og struktur gennem planar lipid tolagede og røntgenkrystallografi, henholdsvis5,8. Helt, disse teknikker give en stærk pipeline for funktionelle og strukturelle undersøgelser af bestrophins og andre Ionkanaler.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="680">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC327265000&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:197px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC446212500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G33-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Imidazole</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC301870010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC197530010&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TCEP</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AA4058704&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Aprotinin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AAJ63039MA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leupeptin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AAJ61188MB&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pepstatin A</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AAJ20037MB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC215740050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DDM sol-grade</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Anatrace</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D310S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DDM anagrade</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Anatrace</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D310</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sf-900 II SFM</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10902179</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FreeStyle medium</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12338018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NanoDrop spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ND-2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">High pressure homogenizer</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Avestin</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Emulsiflex-C5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HisTrap column</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">GE</td>
			<td>17-5248-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Superdex-200 column</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">GE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">28990944</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">AKTA Pure</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">GE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">29018224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ultra-15 centrifugal filter units</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UFC910024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ultra-4 centrifugal filter units</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UFC810024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ultra-0.5 centrifugal filter units</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UFC505024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Optima XE-90 Ultracentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>A94471</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1658004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Mini-PROTEAN precast gel</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>4561084</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">T100 Thermal Cycler</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1861096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PolyJet transfection reagent</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">SignaGen</td>
			<td>SL100688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pEG BacMam vector</td>
			<td style="width:148px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Obtained from the Gouaux lab at Vollum Institute</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

expression and purification of mammalian bestrophin ion channels

Det menneskelige genom koder fire bestrophin paralogs, nemlig BEST1, BEST2, BEST3 og BEST4. BEST1, kodet af genet BEST1 er en Ca2 +-aktiveret Cl- kanal (CaCC) overvejende udtrykt i retinale pigment epitel (ÅV). Den fysiologiske og patologiske betydning af BEST1 er fremhævet af den kendsgerning, at over 200 forskellige mutationer i BEST1 genet har været genetisk knyttet til et spektrum af mindst fem retinal degenerative lidelser, såsom bedste vitelliform makulaødem dystrofi (bedste sygdom). Derfor har forståelse Biofysik bestrophin kanaler på enkelt-molekyle niveau enorm betydning. At få renset pattedyr Ionkanaler er imidlertid ofte en udfordrende opgave. Her rapporterer vi en protokol for udtryk for pattedyr bestrophin proteiner med BacMam baculovirus gen transfersystemet og deres rensning af affinitet og størrelse-udelukkelse kromatografi. De rensede proteiner har potentiale til at blive udnyttet i efterfølgende funktionelle og strukturelle analyser, såsom elektrofysiologiske optagelse i lipid dobbeltlag og krystallografi. Vigtigst, kan denne rørledning tilpasses studere funktioner og strukturer i andre Ionkanaler.

Fluorescens-intensiteten i forbigående transfekteret selvklæbende HEK293 celler (figur 1A) er en god indikator for det forventede protein udtryk niveau i suspension HEK293-F celler (figur 1B). Hvis target proteinet ikke er godt udtrykt eller mis er lokaliseret i HEK293 celler efter forbigående Transfektion, det anbefales at overveje at ændre udtryk konstruktion (fx., ændre placeringen af normal god landbrugspraksis ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Expression and Purification of Mammalian Bestrophin Ion Channels at JoVE.com

Expression and Purification of Mammalian Bestrophin Ion Channels

Proteinekspression og -oprensning af pattedyr Bestrophin Ion kanaler

Rensning af Ionkanaler er ofte udfordrende, men når opnået, kan det potentielt give in vitro- undersøgelser af funktioner og strukturer af kanaler. Her beskriver vi trinvis procedurerne for den proteinekspression og -oprensning af pattedyr bestrophin proteiner, en familie af Ca2 +-aktiveret Cl- kanaler.

The human genome encodes four bestrophin paralogs, namely BEST1, BEST2, BEST3, and BEST4. BEST1, encoded by the BEST1 gene, is a Ca2+-activated Cl- ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram

Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram

Termostabilisering, Expression, Rensning, og Krystallisation af Human Serotonin Transporter Bundet til<em&gt; S</em&gt; -citalopram

The serotonin transporter is a sodium and chloride-coupled transporter that &#34;pumps&#34; extracellular serotonin into cells. S-citalopram is a drug ...

Expression, Purification, and Antimicrobial Activity of S100A12

Ekspression, oprensning og antimikrobiell aktivitet af S100A12

Calgranulin proteins are important mediators of innate immunity and are members of the S100 class of the EF-hand family of calcium binding proteins. Some ...

Measurement of Ion Concentration in the Unstirred Boundary Layer with Open Patch-Clamp Pipette: Implications in Control of Ion Channels by Fluid Flow

Måling af Ion koncentration i Unstirred grænselag med åben Patch-Clamp Pipette: konsekvenser i kontrol af Ionkanaler af væske Flow

Fluid flow is an important environmental stimulus that controls many physiological and pathological processes, such as fluid flow-induced vasodilation. ...

Expression and Purification of the Human Lipid-sensitive Cation Channel TRPC3 for Structural Determination by Single-particle Cryo-electron Microscopy

Proteinekspression og -oprensning af menneskelige Lipid-følsomme kation kanal TRPC3 for Strukturbestemmelse af enkelt-partikel kryo-elektronmikroskopi

Transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) of the canonical TRP subfamily are nonselective cation channels that play an essential role in calcium ...

Expression, Solubilization, and Purification of Eukaryotic Borate Transporters

Udtryk, oploesning og rensning af eukaryote Borat transportører

The Solute Carrier 4 (SLC4) family of proteins is called the bicarbonate transporters and includes the archetypal protein Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1, also ...

Expression and Purification of Nuclease-Free Oxygen Scavenger Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase

Udtryk og rensning af nuklease-fri oxygen Scavenger Protocatechuate 3, 4-Dioxygenase

Single molecule (SM) microscopy is used in the study of dynamic molecular interactions of fluorophore labeled biomolecules in real time. However, ...

Expression, Purification, Crystallization, and Enzyme Assays of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Proteins

Ekspression, rensning, krystallisering og enzym assays af Fumarylacetoacetat hydrolase-domæne-holdige proteiner

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) domain-containing proteins (FAHD) are identified members of the FAH superfamily in eukaryotes. Enzymes of this ...

PCR Mutagenesis, Cloning, Expression, Fast Protein Purification Protocols and Crystallization of the Wild Type and Mutant Forms of Tryptophan Synthase

PCR Mutagenesis, Kloning, Expression, Fast Protein Rensning Protokoller og krystallisering af wild type og mutant former for Tryptophan Synthase

Structural studies with tryptophan synthase (TS) bienzyme complex (&#945;2&#946;2 TS) from Salmonella typhimurium have been performed to better understand ...

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling

Gangliosidekstraktion, rensning og profilering

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acid residues. They are found on all vertebrate cells and tissues but are especially ...

Efficient and Scalable Production of Full-length Human Huntingtin Variants in Mammalian Cells using a Transient Expression System

Full-length huntingtin (FL HTT) is a large (aa 1-3,144), ubiquitously expressed, polyglutamine (polyQ)-containing protein with a mass of approximately 350 ...