Name: expression and purification of mammalian bestrophin ion channels
Uploaded: 2018-08-02T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Expression and Purification of Mammalian Bestrophin Ion Channels at JoVE.com

Bu proje NIH hibe EY025290, GM127652 ve Rochester başlangıç finansman Üniversitesi tarafından finanse edildi.

1. BacMam ifade Baculoviruses üreten
<ol><li>BacMam vektör18 GFP 10 tarafından izleyen bir tütün Etch virüs (TEV) proteaz tanıma dizisi ile pEG istenen memeli bestrophin protein kodlama dizisi takın O'nun etiketi-protein C terminus x.</li>
	<li>Geçici ifade plazmid yapıştırıcı HEK293 hücreleri19,20,21,22,23transfect. If...

<ol>
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D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bestrophin,+the+product+of+the+Best+vitelliform+macular+dystrophy+gene+(VMD2),+localizes+to+the+basolateral+plasma+membrane+of+the+retinal+pigment+epithelium.">Bestrophin, the product of the Best vitelliform macular dystrophy gene (VMD2), localizes to the basolateral plasma membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 97 (23), 12758-12763 (2000).</li><li>Marquardt, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+in+a+novel+gene,+VMD2,+encoding+a+protein+of+unknown+properties+cause+juvenile-onset+vitelliform+macular+dystrophy+(Best's+disease).">Mutations in a novel gene, VMD2, encoding a protein of unknown properties cause juvenile-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best's disease).</a> Human Molecular Genetics. 7 (9), 1517-1525 (1998).</li><li>Petrukhin, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+the+gene+responsible+for+Best+macular+dystrophy.">Identification of the gene responsible for Best macular dystrophy.</a> Nature Genetics. 19 (3), 241-247 (1998).</li><li>Li, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+mutations+impair+BESTROPHIN1's+essential+role+in+mediating+Ca2+-dependent+Cl-+currents+in+human+RPE.">Patient-specific mutations impair BESTROPHIN1's essential role in mediating Ca2+-dependent Cl- currents in human RPE.</a> eLife. 6, (2017).</li><li>Tsunenari, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure-function+analysis+of+the+bestrophin+family+of+anion+channels.">Structure-function analysis of the bestrophin family of anion channels.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 278 (42), 41114-41125 (2003).</li><li>Kane Dickson, V., Pedi, L., Long, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+and+insights+into+the+function+of+a+Ca(2+)-activated+Cl(-)+channel.">Structure and insights into the function of a Ca(2+)-activated Cl(-) channel.</a> Nature. 516 (7530), 213-218 (2014).</li><li>Yang, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+and+selectivity+in+bestrophin+ion+channels.">Structure and selectivity in bestrophin ion channels.</a> Science. 346 (6207), 355-359 (2014).</li><li>Johnson, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bestrophin+1+and+retinal+disease.">Bestrophin 1 and retinal disease.</a> Progress in Retinal and Eye Research. , (2017).</li><li>Allikmets, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+the+Best+disease+gene+in+patients+with+age-related+macular+degeneration+and+other+maculopathies.">Evaluation of the Best disease gene in patients with age-related macular degeneration and other maculopathies.</a> Human Genetics. 104 (6), 449-453 (1999).</li><li>Burgess, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biallelic+mutation+of+BEST1+causes+a+distinct+retinopathy+in+humans.">Biallelic mutation of BEST1 causes a distinct retinopathy in humans.</a> American Journal of Human Genetics. 82 (1), 19-31 (2008).</li><li>Davidson, A. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Missense+mutations+in+a+retinal+pigment+epithelium+protein,+bestrophin-1,+cause+retinitis+pigmentosa.">Missense mutations in a retinal pigment epithelium protein, bestrophin-1, cause retinitis pigmentosa.</a> American Journal of Human Genetics. 85 (5), 581-592 (2009).</li><li>Kramer, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+in+the+VMD2+gene+are+associated+with+juvenile-onset+vitelliform+macular+dystrophy+(Best+disease)+and+adult+vitelliform+macular+dystrophy+but+not+age-related+macular+degeneration.">Mutations in the VMD2 gene are associated with juvenile-onset vitelliform macular dystrophy (Best disease) and adult vitelliform macular dystrophy but not age-related macular degeneration.</a> European Journal of Human Genetics. 8 (4), 286-292 (2000).</li><li>Yardley, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutations+of+VMD2+splicing+regulators+cause+nanophthalmos+and+autosomal+dominant+vitreoretinochoroidopathy+(ADVIRC).">Mutations of VMD2 splicing regulators cause nanophthalmos and autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy (ADVIRC).</a> Investigative Ophthalmology &amp; Visual Science. 45 (10), 3683-3689 (2004).</li><li>Yang, T., Justus, S., Li, Y., Tsang, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BEST1:+the+Best+Target+for+Gene+and+Cell+Therapies.">BEST1: the Best Target for Gene and Cell Therapies.</a> Molecular Therapy. 23 (12), 1805-1809 (2015).</li><li>Boyce, F. M., Bucher, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Baculovirus-mediated+gene+transfer+into+mammalian+cells.">Baculovirus-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 93 (6), 2348-2352 (1996).</li><li>Kost, T. A., Condreay, J. P., Jarvis, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Baculovirus+as+versatile+vectors+for+protein+expression+in+insect+and+mammalian+cells.">Baculovirus as versatile vectors for protein expression in insect and mammalian cells.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 23 (5), 567-575 (2005).</li><li>Goehring, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Screening+and+large-scale+expression+of+membrane+proteins+in+mammalian+cells+for+structural+studies.">Screening and large-scale expression of membrane proteins in mammalian cells for structural studies.</a> Nature Protocols. 9 (11), 2574-2585 (2014).</li><li>Yang, T., He, L. L., Chen, M., Fang, K., Colecraft, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bio-inspired+voltage-dependent+calcium+channel+blockers.">Bio-inspired voltage-dependent calcium channel blockers.</a> Nature Communications. 4, 2540 (2013).</li><li>Yang, T., Hendrickson, W. A., Colecraft, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preassociated+apocalmodulin+mediates+Ca2+-dependent+sensitization+of+activation+and+inactivation+of+TMEM16A/16B+Ca2+-gated+Cl-+channels.">Preassociated apocalmodulin mediates Ca2+-dependent sensitization of activation and inactivation of TMEM16A/16B Ca2+-gated Cl- channels.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA. 111 (51), 18213-18218 (2014).</li><li>Yang, T., Puckerin, A., Colecraft, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+RGK+GTPases+differentially+use+alpha1-+and+auxiliary+beta-binding-dependent+mechanisms+to+inhibit+CaV1.2/CaV2.2+channels.">Distinct RGK GTPases differentially use alpha1- and auxiliary beta-binding-dependent mechanisms to inhibit CaV1.2/CaV2.2 channels.</a> Public Library of Science One. 7 (5), e37079 (2012).</li><li>Yang, T., Suhail, Y., Dalton, S., Kernan, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetically+encoded+molecules+for+inducibly+inactivating+CaV+channels.">Genetically encoded molecules for inducibly inactivating CaV channels.</a> Nature Chemical Biology. 3 (12), 795-804 (2007).</li><li>Yang, T., Xu, X., Kernan, T., Wu, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rem,+a+member+of+the+RGK+GTPases,+inhibits+recombinant+CaV1.2+channels+using+multiple+mechanisms+that+require+distinct+conformations+of+the+GTPase.">Rem, a member of the RGK GTPases, inhibits recombinant CaV1.2 channels using multiple mechanisms that require distinct conformations of the GTPase.</a> Journal of Physiology. 588 (Pt 10), 1665-1681 (2010).</li><li>Kawate, T., Gouaux, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence-detection+size-exclusion+chromatography+for+precrystallization+screening+of+integral+membrane+proteins.">Fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography for precrystallization screening of integral membrane proteins.</a> Structure. 14 (4), 673-681 (2006).</li><li>Schmidt, C., Urlaub, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combining+cryo-electron+microscopy+(cryo-EM)+and+cross-linking+mass+spectrometry+(CX-MS)+for+structural+elucidation+of+large+protein+assemblies.">Combining cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and cross-linking mass spectrometry (CX-MS) for structural elucidation of large protein assemblies.</a> Currents Opinions in Structural Biology. 46, 157-168 (2017).</li><li>Sun, W., Zheng, W., Simeonov, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drug+discovery+and+development+for+rare+genetic+disorders.">Drug discovery and development for rare genetic disorders.</a> American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A. 173 (9), 2307-2322 (2017).</li></ol>

Bu iletişim kuralı ifade ve gelecekteki vitro analizler için kullanılmak üzere memeli bestrophin iyon kanalları arınma için yararlı bir potansiyel açıklar. FPLC aygıt boyutu-dışlama kromatografi için gerekli olmakla birlikte, bir şırınga pompa benzeşme Kromatografi bağlama, yıkama ve eluting de dahil olmak üzere tüm adımları için yeterli olur. Bir şırınga pompa itme çözümlerinde (şırınga) üzerinden sütun için kullanırken, hava kabarcıkları sütuna iterek önlemek için ba...

Bestrophins iyon kanallarının bakterilerden insanlar1olarak değişen türler ile korunmuş bir aileyiz. İnsanlarda, BEST1 gen, kromozom 11q12.3 üzerinde bulunan membran proteini Bestrophin-1 (BEST1) ağırlıklı olarak retina pigment epiteli (RPE) hücreleri gözleri2,3 demiri membran ifade edilen kodlar. ,4. 585 ilk ~ 350 olan türler arasında son derece korunmuş ve onun transmembran bölge içeren, aminoasitler, oluşan bir CaCC insanlar1,5,6BEST1 görür. Ayrıca, BEST1 homologs tavuklarda ve Klebsiella pneumoniae koruma evrim boyunca yüksek düzeyde düşündüren homopentamers7,8olarak, işlev.
İnsanlarda, 200'den fazla mutasyon BEST1 gen klinik olarak retina dejenerasyonu hastalıklarının bestrophinopathies1,9adlı bir gruba bağlıdır. En iyi hastalık, Yetişkin başlangıçlı vitelliform distrofi, otozomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy, otozomal resesif bestrophinopathy ve retinitis pigmentosa3,4 de dahil olmak üzere beş belirli bestrophinopathies bildirilmiştir ,10,11,12,13,14. Azalan görme ve hatta körlüğe yol açar, bu hastalıkların Şu anda tedavi edilemez. Tedavi tedaviler ve potansiyel olarak Kişiselleştirilmiş tıp geliştirmek için nasıl bu BEST1 hastalığa neden olan mutasyonlar etkisi işlevi ve BEST1 kanal15yapısını anlamak için önemlidir. Bu amaçla, araştırmacılar saf bestrophin (yabani türü ve/veya mutant) kanalları sağlamanız ve vitro analizler5,8yapmak gerekir.
İlk önemli adım bestrophin kanalları memeli hücrelerinde yüksek türlerden ifadesidir. Baculovirus iletim (BacMam sistemi) HEK293-F hücrelerinin zar proteinleri16,17heterologously ifade etmek için güçlü bir yöntem olduğu için bu iletişim kuralı sağlam ifade için en iyi duruma getirilmiş bir BacMam vektörü (pEG BacMam) kullanır Bu durumda bir memeli bestrophin homolog olan hedef protein18. Bu vektör reseptörleri G protein birleştiğinde, nükleer reseptörleri ve diğer iyon kanalları18de dahil olmak üzere çeşitli membran proteinlerinin ifade için kullanılmıştır. Üretilen proteinlerin kristalografisi18için uygun olduğuna dair bir kanıt da vardır. İfade HEK293-F hücrelerdeki yüksek seviyeleri ile proteinler sonra Kromatografi kullanarak saf; Özellikle, bestrophins söz konusu olduğunda, benzeşme ve boyutu-dışlama Kromatografi kullanılabilir.
Bu iletişim kuralı için bir bestrophin kanal ince ayarlı olduğunda, saf protein sonra onun fonksiyonu ve düzlemsel lipid bilayer ve x-ışını kristalografisi, sırasıyla5,8aracılığıyla yapısı için analiz edilebilir. Özet olarak, bu teknikleri bestrophins ve diğer iyon kanalları fonksiyonel ve yapısal incelemeler için güçlü bir boru hattı sağlar.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="680">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC327265000&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:197px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">NaCl</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC446212500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G33-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Imidazole</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC301870010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:216px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC197530010&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TCEP</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AA4058704&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Aprotinin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AAJ63039MA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Leupeptin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AAJ61188MB&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pepstatin A</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AAJ20037MB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC215740050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DDM sol-grade</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Anatrace</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D310S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DDM anagrade</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Anatrace</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D310</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sf-900 II SFM</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10902179</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FreeStyle medium</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12338018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NanoDrop spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ND-2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">High pressure homogenizer</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Avestin</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Emulsiflex-C5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">HisTrap column</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">GE</td>
			<td>17-5248-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Superdex-200 column</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">GE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">28990944</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">AKTA Pure</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">GE</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">29018224</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ultra-15 centrifugal filter units</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UFC910024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ultra-4 centrifugal filter units</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UFC810024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ultra-0.5 centrifugal filter units</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UFC505024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Optima XE-90 Ultracentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>A94471</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1658004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Mini-PROTEAN precast gel</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>4561084</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">T100 Thermal Cycler</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1861096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">PolyJet transfection reagent</td>
			<td style="width:148px;">SignaGen</td>
			<td>SL100688</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pEG BacMam vector</td>
			<td style="width:148px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Obtained from the Gouaux lab at Vollum Institute</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

expression and purification of mammalian bestrophin ion channels

İnsan genomu dört bestrophin paralogs, yani BEST1, BEST2, BEST3 ve BEST4 kodlar. BEST1, BEST1 Gen tarafından kodlanmış olan bir Ca2 +-Cl- ağırlıklı olarak retina pigment epiteli (RPE) ifade kanal (CaCC) aktif. BEST1 fizyolojik ve patolojik önemi olduğunu BEST1 gen 200'den fazla farklı mutasyonların genetik olarak en az beş Retina dejeneratif bozuklukları, en iyi vitelliform gibi bir yelpazede bağlantılı olmuştur aslında tarafından vurgulanır yaşa bağlı makula distrofi (en iyi hastalığı). Bu nedenle, Biyofizik bestrophin kanal tek molekül düzeyinde anlamak çok büyük önemi tutar. Ancak, saflaştırılmış memeli iyon kanalları almak kez zor bir görev olduğunu. Burada, BacMam baculovirus Gen aktarım sistemi ve onların arıtma benzeşme ve boyutu-dışlama kromatografi ile memeli bestrophin proteinlerin ifade için bir protokol raporu. Saf protein sonraki fonksiyonel ve yapısal analizleri, lipid bilayers ve kristalografisi elektrofizyolojik kayıt gibi kullanılmak üzere potansiyeline sahiptir. Önemlisi, bu boru hattı fonksiyonlar ve diğer iyon kanal yapıları çalışmaya adapte edilebilir.

Geçici transfected yapışkanlı HEK293 hücrelerinde (Şekil 1A) Floresan yoğunluğu öngörülen protein ifade düzey süspansiyon HEK293-F hücrelerdeki (Şekil 1B) için iyi bir göstergedir. Hedef protein iyi ifade veya HEK293 hücrelerde sonra geçici transfection yanlış yerelleştirilmiştir değilse, bu ifade yapısı değiştirme göz önünde bulundurun için tavsiye edilir (Örn., GFP etiket konumunu deği...

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Expression and Purification of Mammalian Bestrophin Ion Channels

İfade ve arıtma memeli Bestrophin iyon kanalları

İyon kanalları arıtma kez, zorlu ama bir kez elde, potansiyel olarak vitro araştırmalar fonksiyonları ve yapıları kanallarının izin verebilirsiniz. Burada, biz ifade ve arıtma memeli bestrophin protein, bir ailenin Ca2 +için kademeli yordamlar açıklar-Cl- kanalları aktif.

The human genome encodes four bestrophin paralogs, namely BEST1, BEST2, BEST3, and BEST4. BEST1, encoded by the BEST1 gene, is a Ca2+-activated Cl- ...

Research

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Biochemistry

Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram

Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram

Termo, İfade, saflaştırılması, ve İnsan serotonin Transporter Kristalizasyon Bound<em&gt; S</em&gt; -citalopram

The serotonin transporter is a sodium and chloride-coupled transporter that &#34;pumps&#34; extracellular serotonin into cells. S-citalopram is a drug ...

Expression, Purification, and Antimicrobial Activity of S100A12

S100A12&#39;nin Ekspresyon, Saflaştırma ve Antimikrobiyal Aktivitesi

Calgranulin proteins are important mediators of innate immunity and are members of the S100 class of the EF-hand family of calcium binding proteins. Some ...

Measurement of Ion Concentration in the Unstirred Boundary Layer with Open Patch-Clamp Pipette: Implications in Control of Ion Channels by Fluid Flow

Açık yama-kelepçe pipet ile Unstirred sınır tabaka iyonu konsantrasyonu ölçümü: etkileri kontrol altında sıvı iyon kanalları akışı

Fluid flow is an important environmental stimulus that controls many physiological and pathological processes, such as fluid flow-induced vasodilation. ...

Expression and Purification of the Human Lipid-sensitive Cation Channel TRPC3 for Structural Determination by Single-particle Cryo-electron Microscopy

İfade ve insan Lipid duyarlı ba * kanal TRPC3 arınma için tek-parçacık Cryo-elektron mikroskobu ile yapısal kararlılık

Transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) of the canonical TRP subfamily are nonselective cation channels that play an essential role in calcium ...

Expression, Solubilization, and Purification of Eukaryotic Borate Transporters

İfade, Solubilization ve ökaryotik Bor taşıyıcılar arıtma

The Solute Carrier 4 (SLC4) family of proteins is called the bicarbonate transporters and includes the archetypal protein Anion Exchanger 1 (AE1, also ...

Expression and Purification of Nuclease-Free Oxygen Scavenger Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioxygenase

Nükleazsız Oksijen Çöpçü Protocatechuate 3,4-Dioksijenaz İfadesi ve Saflaştırma

Single molecule (SM) microscopy is used in the study of dynamic molecular interactions of fluorophore labeled biomolecules in real time. However, ...

Expression, Purification, Crystallization, and Enzyme Assays of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Proteins

Fumarylacetoasetat Hydrolase etki alanı Içeren proteinleri ifade, arıtma, kristalizasyon ve enzim Asdimleri

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) domain-containing proteins (FAHD) are identified members of the FAH superfamily in eukaryotes. Enzymes of this ...

PCR Mutagenesis, Cloning, Expression, Fast Protein Purification Protocols and Crystallization of the Wild Type and Mutant Forms of Tryptophan Synthase

PCR Mutagenezi, Klonlama, İfade, Hızlı Protein Saflaştırma Protokolleri ve Triptofan Synthase'in Vahşi Tipinin ve Mutant Formlarının Kristalizasyonu

Structural studies with tryptophan synthase (TS) bienzyme complex (&#945;2&#946;2 TS) from Salmonella typhimurium have been performed to better understand ...

Ganglioside Extraction, Purification and Profiling

Ganglioside Ekstraksiyonu, Saflaştırma ve Profilleme

Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that contain one or more sialic acid residues. They are found on all vertebrate cells and tissues but are especially ...

Efficient and Scalable Production of Full-length Human Huntingtin Variants in Mammalian Cells using a Transient Expression System

Full-length huntingtin (FL HTT) is a large (aa 1-3,144), ubiquitously expressed, polyglutamine (polyQ)-containing protein with a mass of approximately 350 ...