Name: co-immunoprecipitation assay using endogenous nuclear proteins from cells cultured under hypoxic conditions
Uploaded: 2018-08-02T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions at JoVE.com

Ringraziamo Assoc. Prof. ssa Sin Tiong Ong per l'utilizzo della workstation ipossia. Questo lavoro è stato supportato dal testo seguente: Singapore Ministry of Education, MOE 1T1-02/04 e MOE2015-T2-2-087 (a Y.A.), Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University avviamento sovvenzione M4230003 (p.o.b.), il Consiglio svedese della ricerca, il Famiglia Erling Persson Foundation, la Fondazione di Novo Nordisk, l'af di Stichting Jochnick Foundation, l'associazione svedese di diabete, la compagnia di assicurazione di Scandia, la ricerca sul diabete e Wellness Foundation, Fondazione di ormeggio von Kantzow, il Programma di ricerca strategico nel diabete al Karolinska Institutet, l'ERC ERC-2013-AdG 338936-Betalmage e Knut e Alice Wallenberg Foundation.

In questa sezione del protocollo, che utilizza 293A embrionali umane del rene (HEK293A) cella, s segue le linee guida del comitato etico di ricerca umana a Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
1. induzione di ipossia in cellule di HEK293A
<ol><li>Preparare quattro piatti di 10cm e semi di 3 – 5 x 106 HEK293A cellule per piatto in 10 mL Dulbecco per volta medium dell'Aquila (DMEM, glucosio di 4,5 g/L) supplementato con 10% siero bovino fetale (FBS), 2 mM L-Glutammina, 110...

<ol>
	<li>Semenza, G. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia-inducible+factors+in+physiology+and+medicine.">Hypoxia-inducible factors in physiology and medicine.</a> Cell. 148 (3), 399-408 (2012).</li><li>Bartels, K., Grenz, A., Eltzschig, H. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia+and+inflammation+are+two+sides+of+the+same+coin.">Hypoxia and inflammation are two sides of the same coin.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110 (46), 18351-18352 (2013).</li><li>Jiang, B. H., Rue, E., Wang, G. L., Roe, R., Semenza, G. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dimerization,+DNA+binding,+and+transactivation+properties+of+hypoxia-inducible+factor+1.">Dimerization, DNA binding, and transactivation properties of hypoxia-inducible factor 1.</a> J Biol Chem. 271 (30), 17771-17778 (1996).</li><li>Semenza, G. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=HIF-1:+mediator+of+physiological+and+pathophysiological+responses+to+hypoxia.">HIF-1: mediator of physiological and pathophysiological responses to hypoxia.</a> J Appl Physiol. 88 (4), 1474-1480 (2000).</li><li>Kallio, P. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signal+transduction+in+hypoxic+cells:+Inducible+nuclear+translocation+and+recruitment+of+the+CBP/p300+coactivator+by+the+hypoxia-inducible+factor-1alpha.">Signal transduction in hypoxic cells: Inducible nuclear translocation and recruitment of the CBP/p300 coactivator by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha.</a> EMBO J. 17 (22), 6573-6586 (1998).</li><li>Ke, Q., Costa, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia-inducible+factor-1+(HIF-1).">Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1).</a> Mol Pharmacol. 70 (5), 1469-1480 (2006).</li><li>Gustafsson, M. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia+requires+notch+signaling+to+maintain+the+undifferentiated+cell+state.">Hypoxia requires notch signaling to maintain the undifferentiated cell state.</a> Dev Cell. 9 (5), 617-628 (2005).</li><li>Zheng, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+with+factor+inhibiting+HIF-1+defines+an+additional+mode+of+cross-coupling+between+the+Notch+and+hypoxia+signaling+pathways.">Interaction with factor inhibiting HIF-1 defines an additional mode of cross-coupling between the Notch and hypoxia signaling pathways.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105 (9), 3368-3373 (2008).</li><li>D'Ignazio, L., Bandarra, D., Rocha, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NF-kappaB+and+HIF+crosstalk+in+immune+responses.">NF-kappaB and HIF crosstalk in immune responses.</a> FEBS J. 283 (3), 413-424 (2016).</li><li>Wang, G. L., Jiang, B. H., Rue, E. A., Semenza, G. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia-inducible+factor+1+is+a+basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS+heterodimer+regulated+by+cellular+O2+tension.">Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is a basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS heterodimer regulated by cellular O2 tension.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92 (12), 5510-5514 (1995).</li><li>Zheng, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell-type-specific+regulation+of+degradation+of+hypoxia-inducible+factor+1+alpha:+Role+of+subcellular+compartmentalization.">Cell-type-specific regulation of degradation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha: Role of subcellular compartmentalization.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 26 (12), 4628-4641 (2006).</li><li>Depping, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nuclear+translocation+of+hypoxia-inducible+factors+(HIFs):+involvement+of+the+classical+importin+alpha/beta+pathway.">Nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs): involvement of the classical importin alpha/beta pathway.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1783 (3), 394-404 (2008).</li><li>Wei, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia+induces+oncogene+yes-associated+protein+1+nuclear+translocation+to+promote+pancreatic+ductal+adenocarcinoma+invasion+via+epithelial-mesenchymal+transition.">Hypoxia induces oncogene yes-associated protein 1 nuclear translocation to promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma invasion via epithelial-mesenchymal transition.</a> Tumour Biol. 39 (5), (2017).</li><li>Chang, H. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia+promotes+nuclear+translocation+and+transcriptional+function+in+the+oncogenic+tyrosine+kinase+RON.">Hypoxia promotes nuclear translocation and transcriptional function in the oncogenic tyrosine kinase RON.</a> Cancer Res. 74 (16), 4549-4562 (2014).</li><li>Moriya, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+nature+of+overexpression+experiments.">Quantitative nature of overexpression experiments.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 26 (22), 3932-3939 (2015).</li><li>Prelich, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+overexpression:+Uses,+mechanisms,+and+interpretation.">Gene overexpression: Uses, mechanisms, and interpretation.</a> Genetics. 190 (3), 841-854 (2012).</li><li>Zheng, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Notch-independent+mechanism+contributes+to+the+induction+of+Hes1+gene+expression+in+response+to+hypoxia+in+P19+cells.">A Notch-independent mechanism contributes to the induction of Hes1 gene expression in response to hypoxia in P19 cells.</a> Exp Cell Res. 358 (2), 129-139 (2017).</li><li>Farris, M. H., Ford, K. A., Doyle, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Qualitative+and+quantitative+assays+for+detection+and+characterization+of+protein+antimicrobials.">Qualitative and quantitative assays for detection and characterization of protein antimicrobials.</a> J Vis Exp. (110), e53819 (2016).</li><li>Chilov, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+and+nuclear+translocation+of+hypoxia-inducible+factor-1+(HIF-1):+heterodimerization+with+ARNT+is+not+necessary+for+nuclear+accumulation+of+HIF-1alpha.">Induction and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1): heterodimerization with ARNT is not necessary for nuclear accumulation of HIF-1alpha.</a> J Cell Sci. 112 (Pt 8), 1203-1212 (1999).</li><li>Yin, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arylsulfonamide+KCN1+inhibits+in+vivo+glioma+growth+and+interferes+with+HIF+signaling+by+disrupting+HIF-1alpha+interaction+with+cofactors+p300/CBP.">Arylsulfonamide KCN1 inhibits in vivo glioma growth and interferes with HIF signaling by disrupting HIF-1alpha interaction with cofactors p300/CBP.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 18 (24), 6623-6633 (2012).</li><li>Holmquist-Mengelbier, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recruitment+of+HIF-1alpha+and+HIF-2alpha+to+common+target+genes+is+differentially+regulated+in+neuroblastoma:+HIF-2alpha+promotes+an+aggressive+phenotype.">Recruitment of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha to common target genes is differentially regulated in neuroblastoma: HIF-2alpha promotes an aggressive phenotype.</a> Cancer Cell. 10 (5), 413-423 (2006).</li><li>Koh, M. Y., Powis, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Passing+the+baton:+The+HIF+switch.">Passing the baton: The HIF switch.</a> Trends Biochem Sci. 37 (9), 364-372 (2012).</li><li>Dumetz, A. C., Snellinger-O'brien, A. M., Kaler, E. W., Lenhoff, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patterns+of+protein+protein+interactions+in+salt+solutions+and+implications+for+protein+crystallization.">Patterns of protein protein interactions in salt solutions and implications for protein crystallization.</a> Protein Sci. 16 (9), 1867-1877 (2007).</li><li>Graven, K. K., Troxler, R. F., Kornfeld, H., Panchenko, M. V., Farber, H. 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Il complesso di HIF-1 è un regolatore dell'omeostasi dell'ossigeno cellulare e regola una pletora di geni coinvolti in diverse risposte adattative cellulari all'ipossia. Identificazione di nuove proteine interagenti di HIF-1 è importante per la comprensione della trasduzione del segnale ipossico. Esperimenti di co-immunoprecipitazione comunemente utilizzati per studi di PPIs per delineare vie di trasduzione del segnale cellulare. Tuttavia, la sovraespressione di proteina è ancora ampiamente usata e questo può portare...

L'ipossia si verifica quando viene fornito ossigeno insufficiente di cellule e tessuti del corpo. Esso svolge un ruolo critico in vari processi fisiologici e patologici, quali il differenziamento di cellule staminali, infiammazione e cancro1,2. Fattori inducibili dall'ipossia (HIFs) fungono da eterodimeri composto di una subunità α ossigeno-regolato e una subunità β costitutivamente espressa anche conosciuto come ARNT3. Tre isoforme della subunità HIF-α (HIF-1 α, HIF-2α e HIF-3 α) e tre subunità HIF-β (ARNT/HIF-1 β, ARNT2 e ARNT3) sono state identificate fino ad oggi. HIF-1 α e ARNT sono espresso ubiquitariamente, considerando che HIF-2α, HIF-3 α, ARNT2 e ARNT3 hanno limitato più espressione modelli4. Il complesso della proteina HIF-1 è il regolatore chiave della risposta ipossia. In condizioni di ipossia HIF-1 α diventa stabilizzato, poi trasloca nel nucleo e dimerizza con ARNT5. Successivamente, questo complesso si lega a specifici nucleotidi conosciuti come elementi reattivi di ipossia (HREs) e regola l'espressione di geni bersaglio coinvolti in diversi processi tra cui l'angiogenesi, eritropoiesi e glicolisi6. Oltre a questa risposta "canonica", la via di segnalazione di ipossia è noto anche per diafonia con risposta cellulare più vie come tacca e nucleare della fattore-kappa B (NF-κB) di segnalazione7,8,9.
L'identificazione delle proteine interagenti romanzo HIF-1 è importante per una migliore comprensione dell'ipossia via di segnalazione. In contrasto con ARNT, che è insensibile ai livelli di ossigeno e costitutivamente espressa, i livelli della proteina HIF-1 α sono strettamente regolati dai livelli di ossigeno cellulare. Al normoxia (21% di ossigeno), proteine di HIF-1 α sono rapidamente degradata10,11. La breve emivita di HIF-1 α al normoxia presenta sfide tecniche specifiche per la rilevazione della proteina da estratti cellulari, così come per l'identificazione di proteine che interagiscono HIF-1 α. Inoltre, diversi fattori di trascrizione, compresi quelli del complesso HIF-1 traslocano nel nucleo sotto condizioni di ipossia12,13,14. La maggior parte dei metodi attualmente utilizzati per studi di PPI sono eseguita usando non-fisiologica iperespressione delle proteine. Tale sovraespressione della proteina è stata segnalata per causare difetti cellulari differenti attraverso i meccanismi multipli compreso sovraccarico delle risorse, squilibrio stechiometrico, interazioni promiscue e via modulazione15,16. In termini di studi PPI, sovraespressione della proteina può portare a falsi negativi positivi, o addirittura falsi, risultati a seconda delle proprietà della proteina e le funzioni delle proteine overexpressed. Pertanto, i metodi attuali per gli studi di PPI necessario essere modificato al fine di rivelare la PPIs fisiologicamente rilevanti in condizioni ipossiche. Precedentemente abbiamo dimostrato l'interazione tra HIF-1 e il fattore di trascrizione famiglia Ets GA-legante della proteina (GABP) in cellule P19 hypoxic, che contribuisce alla risposta del promotore Hes1 a ipossia17. Qui, descriviamo un protocollo di co-immunoprecipitazione per studiare PPIs tra proteine endogene nucleari in condizioni di ipossia. L'interazione tra HIF-1 α e ARNT è mostrato come un proof of concept. Questo protocollo è adatto per la dimostrazione delle interazioni tra fattori di trascrizione e co-regolatori trascrizionali in condizioni di ipossia, compresi ma non limitati all'identificazione di proteine interagenti HIF-1.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="803">
	<tbody>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Material</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">1.0 M Tris-HCl Buffer, pH 7.4&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">1st BASE</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1415</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Protein A/G Sepharose beads</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">ab193262</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Natural Mouse IgG protein</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">ab198772</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1610729</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">2x Laemmli Sample Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1610737</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1610710</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Nitrocellulose Membrane &#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1620112</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Blotting-Grade Blocker</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1706404</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">Non-fat dry milk for western blotting applications</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">10x Tris Buffered Saline (TBS)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1706435</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">10% Tween 20</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1610781</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">10x Tris/Glycine/SDS</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1610732</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">10x Tris/Glycine Buffer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1610771</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Precision Plus Protein Dual Color Standards</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1610374</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Cell Signaling</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">7074</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked Antibody&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Cell Signaling</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">7076</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">SignalFire ECL Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Cell Signaling</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">6883</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate-Buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">21-030-CV</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">52332</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">ARNT/HIF-1 beta Antibody&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NB100-124&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">Concentration: 1.4 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">HIF-1 alpha Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NB100-479</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">Concentration: 1.0 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">YY1 Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NBP1-46218</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">Concentration: 0.2 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Qproteome Nuclear Protein Kit</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Qiagen</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">37582</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">Lysis buffer NL and Extraction Buffer NX1 are provied in the kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">GAPDH Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Santa Cruz</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">sc-47724</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">Concentration: 0.2 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Glycerol (&#8805;99%)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">G5516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">P9541</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
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			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">R0861</td>
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			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">R70507</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Methanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">67-56-1</td>
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			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">15140122</td>
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			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">88660</td>
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			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">23225</td>
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			<td style="width:135px;">QSP#010-R204-Q-PK</td>
			<td>1-200 uL</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Thick Blot Filter Paper, Precut, 7.5 x 10 cm</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
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			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:279px;">Mini-PROTEAN&#160;Tetra Vertical Electrophoresis Cell for Mini Precast Gels, with Mini Trans-Blot&#160;Module and PowerPac Basic Power Supply</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">4&#8211;15% Mini-PROTEAN TGX Precast Protein Gels</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">ChemiDoc XRS+ System</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">I-Glove</td>
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			<td style="width:135px;">I-Glove</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Costar 10mL Stripette Serological Pipets</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">4488</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Costar 25mL Stripette Serological Pipets</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">4251</td>
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			<td style="width:161px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">3631</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">15mL High Clarity PP conical Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">352095</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Small Cell Scraper</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">3010</td>
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			<td style="width:161px;">Greiner Bio-One&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">616201</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
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			<td style="width:135px;">155 000&#160;</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Justrite Flammable Liquid Storage Cabinets</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Justrite Manufacturing Co.</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">896000</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Vortex mixer</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Labnet</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">S0200</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Orbital shakers</td>
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			<td style="width:135px;">SSL1</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
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			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
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			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">75002470</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Sorvall ST 16 Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">75004240</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Tissue Culture Dishes (100 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">150350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Slide-A-Lyzer MINI Dialysis Device</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">69580</td>
			<td>10K MWCO, 0.1 mL</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Float Buoys for 0.1mL Slide-A-Lyzer MINI Dialysis Devices</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">69588</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">LSE Digital Dry Bath Heaters</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1168H25</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:279px;">Thermo Scientific&#160;1300 Series A2 Class II, Type A2 Bio Safety Cabinets</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">13-261-308</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Software</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:279px;">Image Lab Software</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">1709691</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
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	</tbody>
</table>

co-immunoprecipitation assay using endogenous nuclear proteins from cells cultured under hypoxic conditions

Bassi livelli di ossigeno (ipossia) innescano una serie di risposte adattative con il Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) che agisce come un regolatore matrice complessa. HIF-1 è costituito da una subunità α ossigeno-regolato di heterodimeric (HIF-1 α) e costitutivamente espresso subunità β (HIF-1 β) noto anche come arilico dell'idrocarburo del recettore nucleare translocator (ARNT), regolazione di geni coinvolti in diversi processi tra cui l'angiogenesi , eritropoiesi e glicolisi. L'identificazione di proteine interagenti HIF-1 è la chiave per la comprensione dell'ipossia via di segnalazione. Oltre alla regolazione della stabilità di HIF-1 α, ipossia attiva inoltre la traslocazione nucleare di molti fattori di trascrizione tra cui HIF-1 α e ARNT. In particolare, la maggior parte dei metodi attualmente utilizzati per lo studio di tali interazioni proteina-proteina (PPIs) sono basata su sistemi dove i livelli della proteina sono aumentati artificialmente attraverso la sovraespressione della proteina. Sovraespressione di proteine spesso porta a risultati non-fisiologica derivanti dagli elementi spaziali e temporali. Qui descriviamo una co-immunoprecipitazione modificata a seguito del trattamento di ipossia utilizzando proteine nucleari endogene e come un proof of concept, per mostrare l'interazione tra HIF-1 α e ARNT di protocollo. In questo protocollo, le cellule ipossiche sono state raccolte in condizioni ipossiche e tampone di lavaggio di Dulbecco Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) era anche pre-equilibrato a condizioni di ipossia prima dell'uso per mitigare la degradazione della proteina o proteina complessa dissociazione durante la riossigenazione. Inoltre, le frazioni nucleari sono stati successivamente estratti per concentrare e stabilizzare le proteine nucleari endogene ed evitare possibili risultati spuri spesso visto durante la sovraespressione della proteina. Questo protocollo consente di dimostrare endogeni e nativi di interazioni tra fattori di trascrizione e co-regolatori trascrizionali in condizioni di ipossia.

Per valutare la risposta cellulare all'ipossia, l'espressione sono stati esaminati i livelli e localizzazione subcellulare delle componenti del trattamento seguente complesso di ipossia HIF-1. HEK293A cellule sono state coltivate in condizioni di ipossia per 4 h o tenuti a normoxia come controlli. Livelli della proteina HIF-1 α e ARNT sono stati esaminati in cellule intere o nucleare/citoplasmico estratti mediante western blot. Come previsti, totali livelli di HIF-1 α sono stati aumenta...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions at JoVE.com

Co-immunoprecipitation Assay Using Endogenous Nuclear Proteins from Cells Cultured Under Hypoxic Conditions

Qui descriviamo un protocollo di co-immunoprecipitazione per studiare le interazioni proteina-proteina tra proteine endogene nucleari in condizioni di ipossia. Questo metodo è adatto per la dimostrazione delle interazioni tra fattori di trascrizione e co-regolatori trascrizionali all'ipossia.

Analisi di co-immunoprecipitazione utilizzando proteine endogene nucleari da cellule coltivate in condizioni di ipossia

Low oxygen levels (hypoxia) trigger a variety of adaptive responses with the Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) complex acting as a master regulator. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Platelet Adhesion and Aggregation Under Flow using Microfluidic Flow Cells

L&#39;adesione e aggregazione piastrinica in condizioni di flusso utilizzando celle di flusso Microfluidic

Platelet aggregation occurs in response to vascular injury where the extracellular matrix below the endothelium has been exposed. The platelet adhesion ...

Ricerca

Biologia

Identifying the Effects of BRCA1 Mutations on Homologous Recombination using Cells that Express Endogenous Wild-type BRCA1

Identificare gli effetti delle mutazioni BRCA1 sulla ricombinazione omologa utilizzando cellule che esprimono endogeno wild-type BRCA1

The functional analysis of missense mutations can be complicated by the presence in the cell of the endogenous protein. Structure-function analyses of the ...

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Cromosoma Preparazione da cellule in coltura

Chromosome (cytogenetic) analysis is widely used for the detection of chromosome instability. When followed by G-banding and molecular techniques such as ...

Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells

Anti-Nuclear Antibody screening utilizzando cellule Hep-2

The American College of Rheumatology position statement on ANA testing stipulates the use of IIF as the gold standard method for ANA screening1. Although ...

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Mitochondria from Cultured Cells and Mouse Tissue

Isolamento e analisi funzionale dei mitocondri da cellule in coltura e Tissue mouse

Comparison between two or more distinct groups, such as healthy vs. disease, is necessary to determine cellular status. Mitochondria are at the nexus of ...

Immunofluorescence Analysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Centromere-kinetochore Proteins

Le proteine ​​immunofluorescenza di endogeni ed esogeni Centromere-cinetocoro

"Centromeres" and "kinetochores" refer to the site where chromosomes associate with the spindle during cell division. Direct visualization of ...

Applications of the Single-probe: Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Single Cell Analysis under Ambient Conditions

Applicazioni del singolo-probe: Mass Spectrometry Imaging e analisi singola cella in condizioni ambientali

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) and in-situ single cell mass spectrometry (SCMS) analysis under ambient conditions are two emerging fields with great ...

Transient Expression and Cellular Localization of Recombinant Proteins in Cultured Insect Cells

Espressione transitoria e Localizzazione cellulare di proteine ​​ricombinanti in cellule in coltura per insetti

Heterologous protein expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins, the interpretation of cellular trafficking/localization, and ...

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage (40-300 kV) X-Ray Facilities

Dosimetry for Cell Irradiation using Orthovoltage 40-300 kV X-Ray Facilities

Dosimetria per l'irradiazione cellulare mediante impianti a raggi X ortovolta (40-300 kV)

The importance of dosimetry protocols and standards for radiobiological studies is self-evident. Several protocols have been proposed for dose ...

Field-Based Thermal Physiology Assay: Cold Shock Recovery under Ambient Conditions

Test di fisiologia termica sul campo: recupero degli shock freddi in condizioni ambientali

Ecological physiology, particularly of ectotherms, is increasingly important in this changing world as it uses measures of species and environmental ...