Name: regioselective o-glycosylation of nucleosides via the temporary 2',3'-diol protection by a boronic ester for the synthesis of disaccharide nucleosides
Uploaded: 2018-07-26T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides at JoVE

这项研究由日本教育、文化、体育、科学和技术部 (下个15K00408、24659011、24640156、245900425和22390005号为新青木) 提供的助学金资助, 由东京生物化学研究资助。基金会, 东京, 日本, 和由土族 (东京科学大学) 基金的战略研究领域。我们要感谢纪子 Sawabe (东京理工大学药科学院) 测量核磁共振谱, 璐子长谷川 (美国东京理工大学药学系) 为质量的测量光谱和友子松 (东京理工大学科技研究院) 对元素分析的测量。

注: 所有实验数据 [核磁共振, 红外线 spectroscopies (IR), 质量 spectroscopies (MS), 光学旋转, 和元素分析数据] 的合成化合物被报告在前51篇。
1. O-糖基化反应的程序
<ol><li>复方α/β-12 的合成 (表1中的进入 12) 注:表 1中的条目 1-13 是使用类似的程序进行的。<ol>
<li>
2 ', 3 '-二醇 ribonucleoside40的临时保护
		...

本手稿的目的是展示一个方便的合成方法, 以制备双糖苷使用无保护的 ribonucleosides, 而不繁琐的保护组操作。我们在此报告的选择性O-glycosylations 的苷通过临时 2 ', 3 '-二醇保护的循环硼酸酯 (图 1B)51。
循环硼酸酯中间体的制备是其中的重要步骤之一。无水溶剂应用于反应混合物的共同蒸发 (步骤1.1.1.2 和 1.2. 1.1....

双糖苷, 是核苷的共轭物和通过 O型糖苷键连接的碳水化合物基团, 构成了一类自然发生的碳水化合物衍生物1,2 ,3,4,5,6,7。例如, 它们被纳入生物大分子, 如 tRNA (转移核糖核酸) 和聚 (adp-核糖) (adp = 磷酸腺苷), 以及一些抗菌剂和其他生物活性物质 (例如,adenophostins, amicetins, ezomycin)5,6,8,9,10,11,12,13, 14,15,16,17,18,19。因此, 双糖苷及其衍生物有望成为药物发现研究的铅化合物。双糖苷的合成方法分为三类;酶法O-糖基化20,21, 化学n-糖基化5,9,16,22,23, 24、化学O-糖基化7、9、14、16、18、19、24、 25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33, 34,35,36,37。化学O-糖基化是一种有效的立体合成和双糖苷的大规模合成方法。以往的研究表明, 2 '-deoxyribonucleoside 2与 thioglycosyl 捐助者1的O糖基化, 采用 toluenesulfenyl 氯和银三氟的结合, 提供了理想的双糖核苷3 (图 1A;Ar = 芳和 PG = 保护组)38。
根据这些结果, 我们决定应用 toluenesulfenyl 氯化/银三氟启动子系统, 开发 ribonucleosides 的邻糖基化。虽然部分保护 ribonucleosides 的O-糖基化的几个例子已经证明了 7,9,14,16,18,19 、24、32、33、34、35、36、37、使用无保护或暂时保护ribonucleosides 作为糖受体的O-糖基化已微乎其微报道。因此, 不受保护的或暂时保护的 ribonucleosides 的选择性O-糖基化的发展将提供一种更有益的合成方法, 而不需要对 ribonucleosides 的群操作进行防护。为了实现 ribonucleosides 的选择性O-糖基化, 我们重点研究了硼化合物, 因为几个例子的内和/或立体酰化, 烷基, 硅烷化和糖基性的碳水化合物39,40,41,42,43,44,45 , 被硼酸或 borinic 酸辅助的衍生物报告了,46,47,48,49,50。在本文中, 我们展示了通过硼酸酯中间体在 ribonucleosides 的 5 '-羟基双糖苷中利用选择性邻糖基化合成的方法。在这里提出的战略, 硼酸酯中间体6将提供的酯化的 ribonucleoside 4与硼酸5, 这使得选择性O-糖基化在5 '-羟基基团与 thioglycosyl 捐赠者7给双糖核苷8 (图 1B)51。通过核磁共振 (NMR) 光谱学研究了 ribonucleoside 和硼酸的相互作用, 观察了硼酸酯的形成。酯化使硼酸酯和糖基化反应要求无水条件, 以防止硼酸酯和糖的水解。在这篇文章中, 我们展示了为研究人员和学生不仅在化学, 而且在其他研究领域获得成功的糖基化反应提供无水条件的典型程序。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:847px;" width="847">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Silver trifluoromethanesulfonate</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">34945-61</td>
			<td style="width:232px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:241px;">Phenylboronic acid (contains varying amounts of anhydride)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B0857</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">p-Methoxyphenylboronic acid</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">321-69201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:241px;">4-(Trifluoromethyl)phenylboronic acid (contains varying amounts of anhydride)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T1788</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:241px;">2,4-Difluorophenylboronic acid (contains varying amounts of anhydride)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D3391</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:241px;">Cyclopentylboronic acid (contains varying amounts of Anhydride)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C2442</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:241px;">4-Nitrophenylboronic acid (contains varying amounts of anhydride)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N0812</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:241px;">4-Hexylphenylboronic acid (contains varying amounts of anhydride)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H1489</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Adenosine</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">862.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Guanosine</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">411130050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Cytidine</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C0522</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Uridine</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">U0020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">5-Fluorouridine</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">F0636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">5-Methyluridine</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M-9885</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:241px;">Methylamine (40% in Methanol,&#160;ca. 9.8mol/L)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Tokyo Chemical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M1016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">N,N-dimethyl-4-aminopyridine</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">044-19211</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Acetic anhydride</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">00226-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Pyridine, Dehydrated</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">161-18453</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Acetonitrile</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Kanto Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">01031-96</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">1,4-Dioxane</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13622-73</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Dichloromethane</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">130-02457</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Propionitrile</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">164-04756</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Molecular sieves 4A powder</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">04168-65</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Molecular sieves 3A powder</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">04176-55</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Celite 545RVS</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08034-85</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Acetonitrile-D3 (D,99.8%)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Cambridge Isotope Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DLM-21-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">34831-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:241px;">TLC Silica gel 60 F254</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Merck KGaA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.05715.0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Chromatorex</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Fuji Silysia Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FL100D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Sodium hydrogen carbonate</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">191-01305</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">080-01061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Sodium sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">31915-96</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Kanto Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">07278-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">194-01677</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21914-74</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">JEOL Always 300</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">JEOL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Measurement of NMR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Lamda 400</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">JEOL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Measurement of NMR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:241px;">PerkinElmer Spectrum 100 FT-IR Spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Measurement of IR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">JEOL JMS-700</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">JEOL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Measurement of MS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">PerkinElmer CHN 2400 analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Measurement of elemental analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">JASCO P-1030 digital polarimeter</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">JASCO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Measurement of optical rotation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:241px;">JASCO PU-2089 Plus intelligent HPLC pump</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">JASCO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>For HPLC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:241px;">Jasco UV-2075 Plus Intelligent UV/Vis Detector</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">JASCO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>For HPLC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Rheodyne Model 7125 Injector</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">58826</td>
			<td>For HPLC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Chromatopac C-R8A</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Shimadzu</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>For HPLC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">Senshu Pak Pegasil ODS</td>
			<td style="width:255px;">Senshu Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>For HPLC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">p-Toluenesulfenyl&#160;chloride</td>
			<td style="width:255px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Prepared&#160; Ref. 38</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="height:60px;width:241px;">Phenyl 6-O-acetyl-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-1-thio-a-D-mannopyranoside (a-9)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Prepared&#160; Ref. 52</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:241px;">4-Metylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-thio-b-D-galactopyranoside (b-21)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Prepared&#160; Ref. 53</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:241px;">4-Metylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-thio-b-D-glucopyranoside (b-31)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Prepared&#160; Ref. 57</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:241px;">4-Metylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzoyl-1-thio-a-D-Mannopyranoside (a-32)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Prepared&#160; Ref. 67</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">6-N-Benzoyladenosine (14)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Prepared&#160; Ref. 54</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">2-N-Isobutyrylguanosine (16)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Prepared&#160; Ref. 55</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:241px;">4-N-Benzoylcytidine (20)</td>
			<td style="width:255px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Prepared&#160; Ref. 56</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

regioselective o-glycosylation of nucleosides via the temporary 2',3'-diol protection by a boronic ester for the synthesis of disaccharide nucleosides

由双糖和碱基基团组成的双糖苷被称为具有多种生物活性的有价值的天然产物。虽然化学O-糖基化是一种普遍有益的战略, 以合成双糖苷, 制备基质如糖捐赠者和受体需要繁琐的保护组操作和净化每个合成步骤。同时, 一些研究小组报告说, 硼酸和 borinic 酯作为一种保护或活化的碳水化合物衍生物, 以实现立体酰化、烷基化、硅烷化和糖基性。本文介绍了利用硼酸对无保护 ribonucleosides 进行选择性邻糖基化的过程。以硼酸为 ribonucleosides 的 2 ', 3 '-二醇的酯化, 使二醇的临时保护, 并在 toluenesulfenyl 氯和银三氟存在后, 与糖的捐助者进行邻糖基化, 允许5 '-羟基的选择性反应, 以支付双糖苷。该方法可应用于各种苷, 如鸟嘌呤、腺苷、胞苷、苷、5-metyluridine 和 5-fluorouridine。这篇文章和随附的视频代表了有用的 (视觉) 信息的O-糖基化的无保护苷及其类似物的合成不仅双糖苷, 而且还有各种生物相关衍生物。

在表 160,61中总结了苷10与 thiomannoside α-9的邻糖基化的结果。在进入 1, O-糖基化10与α-9在没有硼酸衍生物导致形成一个复杂混合物。进入 2, 10和苯硼酸11a混合, 并与吡啶和14二恶烷共蒸发, 然后, 在其回流温度下, 在14二恶烷中搅?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides at JoVE

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

在这里, 我们提出了合成双糖苷的协议, 选择性O-糖基化的 ribonucleosides通过临时保护其 2 ', 3 '-二醇的基团利用循环硼酸酯。该方法适用于几种不受保护的苷, 如腺苷、鸟嘌呤、胞苷、苷、5-methyluridine 和 5-fluorouridine, 给予相应的双糖苷。

苷 2 ', 3 ' -二醇酯对双糖苷合成的选择性O-糖基化

Disaccharide nucleosides, which consist of disaccharide and nucleobase moieties, have been known as a valuable group of natural products having ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Regioselective O-Glycosylation of Nucleosides via the Temporary 2',3'-Diol Protection by a Boronic Ester for the Synthesis of Disaccharide Nucleosides

Anticancer Metal Complexes: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Evaluation by the MTT Assay

抗癌金属配合物的合成与细胞毒性评价MTT法

Titanium (IV) and vanadium (V) complexes are highly potent anticancer agents. A challenge in their synthesis refers to their hydrolytic instability; ...

科研

化学

Formation of Ordered Biomolecular Structures by the Self-assembly of Short Peptides

生物分子有序结构由短肽的自组装形成

In nature, complex functional structures are formed by the self-assembly of biomolecules under mild conditions. Understanding the forces that control ...

Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library

分裂和池合成及肽叔酰胺图书馆表征

Peptidomimetics are great sources of protein ligands. The oligomeric nature of these compounds enables us to access large synthetic libraries on solid ...

Synthesis and Purification of Iodoaziridines Involving Quantitative Selection of the Optimal Stationary Phase for Chromatography

合成和Iodoaziridines纯化涉及定量选择最优固定相的色谱

The highly diastereoselective preparation of cis-N-Ts-iodoaziridines through reaction of diiodomethyllithium with N-Ts aldimines is described. ...

HKUST-1 as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of Vanillin

科大-1作为香兰素的合成的非均相催化剂

Vanillin (4-hydoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is the main component of the extract of vanilla bean. The natural vanilla scent is a mixture of approximately ...

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

蛋白质生物缀合物的合成<em&gt;通过</em&gt;半胱氨酸马来酰亚胺化学

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

Facile Synthesis of Worm-like Micelles by Visible Light Mediated Dispersion Polymerization Using Photoredox Catalyst

使用Photoredox催化剂蠕虫状胶束的简便合成可见光介导的分散聚合

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

金纳米棒基于对苯二酚合成

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

用于固相合成含有2&#39;-<em&gt; 0</em通过圆二色性修饰和表征

Solid-phase synthesis has been used to obtain canonical and modified polymers of nucleic acids, specifically of DNA or RNA, which has made it a popular ...

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

通过活性表面生长机制合成基片束缚金纳米线

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a ...