Name: nanosensors to detect protease activity in vivo for noninvasive diagnostics
Uploaded: 2018-07-16T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Nanosensors to Detect Protease Activity In Vivo for Noninvasive Diagnostics at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev finansieret af en NIH Directors nye Innovator Award (pris nr. DP2HD091793). Q.D.M. understøttes af NSF Graduate Research stipendier Program (Grant nr. DGE-1650044). B.A.H er understøttet af nationale institutter for sundhed GT BioMAT uddannelse tildeling under Award antallet 5T32EB006343 samt Georgia Tech President's Fellowship. G.A.K. holder en karriere Award på den videnskabelige Interface fra fondens Burroughs velkommen. Indholdet er udelukkende ansvarlig for forfattere og repræsenterer ikke nødvendigvis de officielle synspunkter af National Institutes of Health.

Institutionelle godkendelse fra institutionelle Animal Care og brug udvalg (IACUC) på forskerens institution er nødvendige for at udføre de følgende dyreforsøg. Derudover, er standard dyrs plejefaciliteter (f.eks. boligbyggeri kamre, sterile animalske emhætter, isofluorane kamre for anesthetization og CO2 kamre for etiske slutpunkt euthanization) nødvendige til korrekt udføre disse eksperimenter. Særlig uddannelse og bistand med anlæggene kan leveres af fysiologiske forskning laboratorium (P...

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I denne metode beskrives udviklingen af aktivitetsbaseret sensorer bestående af protease substrater konjugeret med en nanopartikel kerne. Tilfælde af proteolytiske kavalergang er døbt "farmakokinetiske switch", fordi kløvet peptid produkter er mindre end renale filtration-størrelsesgrænsen 5 nm23 og filter ind i urinen til at producere en noninvasiv signal. Derfor er det vigtigt at bruge nanopartikler eller luftfartsselskaber med en hydrodynamiske radius, der er større end 5 nm, som noget m...

Proteaser er multi-funktionelle enzymer, der specialiserer sig i hydrolyse af peptidbindinger og har betydelig kontrol over mange biologiske processer, herunder homøostase, allostasis og sygdom1. En meditativ tilstand protease aktivitet er blevet korreleret til en lang række sygdomme, herunder kræft og hjerte-kar-sygdom, hvilket gør proteaser attraktive kandidater til udvikling i kliniske biomarkører2,3. Derudover er protease aktivitet funktionelt forbundet med særskilte pathogeneses, patientens resultater og prognosen for sygdommen4. Bredt, biosensorer er udviklet til at registrere forskellige biologiske fænomener og sygdomme som kræft, neurodegenerativ sygdom og elektron overførsel behandler5,6,7,8 , 9. mere specifikt substrat-baserede protease sensorer er blevet udviklet til at opdage protease aktivitet, og omfatter fluorogenic sonder til diagnostic imaging10 og brændselsfremstilling mærket peptid substrater for in vitro påvisning af massespektrometri11. Derudover er blevet udviklet aktivitetsbaseret sonder, der indeholder substrat-lignende regioner, der binder eller ændre target protease12. Med denne metode, er målet protease uigenkaldeligt hæmmet når det aktive site er ændret, og analyse kræver høst af væv, som begrænser i vivo applikationer. Det er dog vigtigt at fornemme protease aktivitet i vivo, fordi regulering af protease aktivitet er stærkt afhængige af konteksten af andre biologiske aktiviteter såsom tilstedeværelsen af endogene hæmmere.
Målet med dette arbejde er at beskrive formuleringen af aktivitetsbaseret sensorer, der registrerer protease aktivitet i vivo ved at producere en målbar signal i urinen. Denne platform er brugt som en noninvasiv diagnostiske for at diskriminere komplekse sygdomme såsom kræft ved hjælp af dysregulated protease aktivitet som en funktionel biomarkør. Vores nanosensor platform består af jernoxid nanopartikler (IONP)-konjugeret med protease substrater. Disse substrater er afbrudt af en fluorescerende reporter, der frigives når proteaser kløver substratet. Disse IONPs cirkulerer i vivo, lokalisere til sygdom websteder og udsætte substrater til aktiv sygdom-associerede proteaser. Efter kløvningen, fluorescerende journalister er frigivet, og på grund af deres lille størrelse, er filtreret i urin, mens uncleaved substrater på IONP forblive i kroppen. Derfor, en stigning i protease aktiviteter i vivo vil resultere i højere koncentrationer af reporter i urinen (figur 1). Da vores platform er en urintest, ingen billedbehandling platform er påkrævet og diagnosesignaler er beriget med urin.
Denne platform kan være manipuleret til at detektere en række sygdomme, herunder kræft, fibrose og trombose13,14. Her beskriver vi design af sensorer til at registrere stigninger i Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9) aktivitet som en biomarkør for kolorektal cancer. Kolorektal cancer er den næststørste årsag til kræft død i USA, med en anslået 136,800 nye tilfælde og 50,300 dødsfald i 2014 alene15. Kolorektal tumorceller producerer MMP9, som har vist sig at drive maligne progression samt matrix nedbrydning og metastase16. Desuden, identificeret vi en egnet peptid substrat (PLGVRGK) for MMP9 fra litteratur17. Denne platform kan anvendes til tidlig kræft opdagelse og lavpris-punkt af care diagnostics13,14,18,19,20,21.
<img alt="Figure 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/57937/57937fig1.jpg"> Figur 1: skematisk af Nanosensor aktivitet In vivo. Sensorer cirkulerer gennem kroppen og lokalisere til steder af sygdommen. Derefter, sygdomsrelaterede proteaser kløver peptid substrater IONPs har fremlagt. Størrelsen af kløvet fragmenter tillader renal clearance, forårsager dem til at lokalisere i urinen. Når dyret tisser, kan disse peptid fragmenter analyseres af deres reporter molekyle. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/57937/57937fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Venligst klik her for at se en større version af dette tal.</a>

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">0.2 &#181;m syringe filters</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">4652</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">18G needle</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">89134-024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">15 mL conicals</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">89039-670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">250 mL Erlenmeyer flask</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">89000-362</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Stir bar</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">58949-006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Hot Plate/Magnetic Stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">97042-634</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Glacial acetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">97064-482</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Albumin from Bovine Serum (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">A13100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">236489</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">44939</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Epichlorohydrin</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">45340-500ML-F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">DMF</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">D4551</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Ammonium Hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">320145-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Sodium Hydroxide pellets</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">221465-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">E9884</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Sodium Borate</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">B9876</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">L-Cysteine</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">168149-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Tris-HCl</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">T5941</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Tris base</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">T6066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">PBS tablets</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">P4417</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Dextran</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Pharmacosmos</td>
			<td>5510 0020 9006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Amicon 15 mL 10k filters, 24 pk</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">UFC901024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Amicon 15 mL 30k filters, 24 pk</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">UFC903024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Amicon 15 mL 100k filters, 24 pk</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">UFC910024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Zetasizer Nano ZS</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Malvern Panalytical</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">NanoZS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Slide-A-Lyzer Dialysis Cassette</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">LifeTech</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">66130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Dynabeads MyOne Tosylactivated</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">LifeTech</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">65501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">SIA</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Life Tech</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">22349</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">PEG 20k</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Laysan Bio</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">MPEG-SH-20K-1g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Fluorescein Antibody [2A3]</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">GeneTex</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">GTX10257</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Hiload 16/600 superdex 200</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">45-002-490</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Plate Reader</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">BTCYT5M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">BD Insulin Syringes</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:233px;">NC0872854</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

nanosensors to detect protease activity in vivo for noninvasive diagnostics

Proteaser er multi-funktionelle enzymer, der specialiserer sig i hydrolyse af peptidbindinger og styre bred biologiske processer herunder homøostase og allostasis. Desuden dysregulated protease aktivitet drev patogenese og er en funktionel biomarkør af sygdomme såsom kræft; Derfor kan evnen til at opdage protease aktivitet i vivo give klinisk relevante oplysninger for biomedicinsk diagnostik. Målet med denne protokol er at skabe sensorer, der sonden for protease aktivitet i vivo ved at producere en kvantificerbar signal i urinen. Disse protease sensorer består af to komponenter: en nanopartikel og substrat. Nanopartikel funktioner til at øge omsætning half-life og substrat levering til målwebsteder sygdom. Underlaget er en kort peptid sekvens (6-8 AA), som er designet til at være specifikke for et mål protease eller en gruppe af proteaser. Underlaget er konjugeret til overfladen af nanopartikler og afsluttes af en reporter, såsom fluorescerende markør, for afsløring. Som dysregulated proteaser kløver peptid substrat, filtreret reporter i urin for kvantificering som en biomarkør af protease aktivitet. Heri beskriver vi opførelse af en nanosensor for matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), som er forbundet med tumor progression og metastase, til påvisning af kolorektal cancer i en musemodel.

Fleste af IONPs befolkning er omkring den gennemsnitlige diameter, som spænder fra 40-50 nm. Efter pegylation, denne størrelsesområde har en omsætning halveringstid på ca 6 timer13 i vivo (Se figur 2a). Hvis man ønsker at vælge for en bestemt størrelsesområde, kan man bruge størrelse udstødelse kromatografi for at isolere IONP fraktioner med forskellige diametre. Nanopartikler af TEM vises som individuelle sfærisk...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Nanosensors to Detect Protease Activity In Vivo for Noninvasive Diagnostics at JoVE.com

Nanosensors to Detect Protease Activity In Vivo for Noninvasive Diagnostics

Proteaser er stramt regulerede enzymer involveret i grundlæggende biologiske processer og dysregulated protease aktivitet drev progression af komplekse sygdomme som kræft. Denne metode mål er at skabe sensorer, der måler protease aktivitet i vivo ved at producere en spaltning signal, der kan spores fra værten urin og diskriminerer sygdom.

Sensorer til at registrere Protease aktivitet In Vivo for invasiv diagnostik

Proteases are multi-functional enzymes that specialize in the hydrolysis of peptide-bonds and control broad biological processes including homeostasis and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Nanosensors to Detect Protease Activity In Vivo for Noninvasive Diagnostics

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, allows for unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow into the ventricle. Aortic ...

Quantitative FRET (F&#246;rster Resonance Energy Transfer) Analysis for SENP1 Protease Kinetics Determination

Quantitative FRET FÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¶rster Resonance Energy Transfer Analysis for SENP1 Protease Kinetics Determination

Kvantitativ FRET (Förster Resonance Energy Transfer) Analyse for SENP1 Protease Kinetics Bestemmelse

Reversible posttranslational modifications of proteins with ubiquitin or ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) are widely used to dynamically regulate protein ...

FIBS-enabled Noninvasive Metabolic Profiling

FIBS-aktiverede Noninvasiv stofskifteprofil

In the era of computational biology, new high throughput experimental systems are necessary in order to populate and refine models so that they can be ...

A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo

A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo

En fuld huddefekten model til evaluering Vaskularisering biomaterialer<em&gt; In Vivo</em

Insufficient vascularization is considered to be one of the main factors limiting the clinical success of tissue-engineered constructs. In order to ...

Magnetic Levitation Coupled with Portable Imaging and Analysis for Disease Diagnostics

Magnetisk Levitation Sammen med Portable Imaging og Analyse for sygdomsdiagnostik

Currently, many clinical diagnostic procedures are complex, costly, inefficient, and inaccessible to a large population in the world. The requirements for ...

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Udvikling af en elektrokemisk DNA Biosensor at opdage en fødevarebårne patogenet

Vibrio parahaemolyticus (V. parahaemolyticus) is a common foodborne pathogen that contributes to a large proportion of public health problems globally, ...

Calorespirometry: A Powerful, Noninvasive Approach to Investigate Cellular Energy Metabolism

Calorespirometry: En kraftfuld, Noninvasive tilgang at undersøge cellulære energimetabolisme

Many cell lines used in basic biological and biomedical research maintain energy homeostasis through a combination of both aerobic and anaerobic ...

Rigid Embedding of Fixed and Stained, Whole, Millimeter-Scale Specimens for Section-free 3D Histology by Micro-Computed Tomography

Stive indlejring af faste og plettet, hele, Millimeter-skala prøver for sektion-gratis 3D histologi ved mikro-beregnet tomografi

For over a hundred years, the histological study of tissues has been the gold standard for medical diagnosis because histology allows all cell types in ...

Human Neural Organoids for Studying Brain Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Humane neurale Organoider til at studere hjernekræft og neurodegenerative sygdomme

The lack of relevant in vitro neural models is an important obstacle on medical progress for neuropathologies. Establishment of relevant cellular models ...

Methylation Specific Multiplex Droplet PCR using Polymer Droplet Generator Device for Hematological Diagnostics

Methylering Specifikke Multiplex Dråbe PCR ved hjælp af Polymer Dråbe Generator Device for hæmatologisk diagnostik

A multiplexed droplet PCR (mdPCR) workflow and detailed protocol for determining epigenetic-based white blood cell (WBC) differential count is described, ...