Name: simple surgical induction of conductive hearing loss with verification using otoscope visualization and behavioral clap startle response in rat
Uploaded: 2019-10-26T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat at JoVE.com

这项工作部分得到香港研究资助局、早期职业计划、#21201217项目、脑制图引导电生理学项目的支持，并应用于听觉和噪音污染研究。我们感谢墨西哥国立自治大学神经生物研究所、墨西哥国家技术委员会（CONACyT）向墨西哥国家大学提供578458年研究生奖学金。

本研究及程序获香港城市大学、香港大学及香港特别行政区卫生署动物研究伦理委员会批准。
1. 动物
<ol><li>使用两个月的斯普拉格-道利 （SD） 大鼠（N = 90，200-250 g）。 注：啮齿动物由香港大学认可化验动物组提供。</li>
	<li>在实验室动物研究室保持大鼠在25°C恒定的温度和60-70%的湿度下。</li>
	<li>房子啮齿动物在12/12-h光/暗周期与获得食物和饮用水，解放。</li>
	<li...

<ol>
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E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Audiograms+of+five+species+of+rodents:+implications+for+the+evolution+of+hearing+and+the+perception+of+pitch.">Audiograms of five species of rodents: implications for the evolution of hearing and the perception of pitch.</a> Hearing Research. 157 (1-2), 138-152 (2001).</li><li>Lupo, E. J., Koka, K., Thornton, J. L., Tollin, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+experimentally+induced+conductive+hearing+loss+on+spectral+and+temporal+aspects+of+sound+transmission+through+the+ear.">The effects of experimentally induced conductive hearing loss on spectral and temporal aspects of sound transmission through the ear.</a> Hearing Research. 272 (1-2), 30-41 (2011).</li><li>Liberman, M. C., Liberman, L. D., Maison, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+conductive+hearing+loss+leads+to+cochlear+degeneration.">Chronic conductive hearing loss leads to cochlear degeneration.</a> PLoS One. 10 (11), e0142341 (2015).</li><li>Tucci, D. L., Cant, N. B., Durham, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conductive+hearing+loss+results+in+a+decrease+in+central+auditory+system+activity+in+the+young+gerbil.">Conductive hearing loss results in a decrease in central auditory system activity in the young gerbil.</a> Laryngoscope. 109, 1359-1371 (1999).</li><li>Tucci, D. L., Cant, N. B., Durham, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+conductive+hearing+loss+on+gerbil+central+auditory+system+activity+in+silence.">Effects of conductive hearing loss on gerbil central auditory system activity in silence.</a> Hearing Research. 155, 124-132 (2001).</li><li>Cook, R. D., Hung, T. Y., Miller, R. L., Smith, D. W., Tucci, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+conductive+hearing+loss+on+auditory+nerve+activity+in+gerbil.">Effects of conductive hearing loss on auditory nerve activity in gerbil.</a> Hearing Research. 164, 127-137 (2002).</li><li>Albuquerque, A. A., Rossato, M., Oliveira, J. A., Hyppolito, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+the+anatomy+of+ears+from+guinea+pigs+and+rats+and+its+use+in+basic+otologic+research.">Understanding the anatomy of ears from guinea pigs and rats and its use in basic otologic research.</a> Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 75, 43-49 (2009).</li><li>Li, P., Gao, K., Ding, D., Salvi, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characteristic+anatomical+structures+of+rat+temporal+bone.">Characteristic anatomical structures of rat temporal bone.</a> Journal of Otology. 10, 118-124 (2015).</li><li>Judkins, R. F., Li, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+anatomy+of+the+rat+middle+ear.">Surgical anatomy of the rat middle ear.</a> Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. 117, 438-447 (1997).</li><li>Hellstr&#246;m, S., Sal&#233;n, B., Stenfors, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomy+of+the+rat+middle+ear.+A+study+under+the+dissection+microscope.">Anatomy of the rat middle ear. A study under the dissection microscope.</a> Acta Anatomica (Basel). 112, 346-352 (1982).</li><li>Albiin, N., Hellstr&#246;m, S., Sal&#233;n, B., Stenfors, L. 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我们描述了一个简单的手术诱导CHL与验证使用耳镜可视化和行为拍拍启动反应在大鼠。在这里，我们演示了方法在大鼠和以前这种方法已经应用于鼠和小鼠。该方法可以很容易地被采用到其他啮齿动物。CHL的诱导允许研究一种微妙的听力损失形式，它表现在听觉皮质改变和心理物理行为发现4，5，16，17，18<sup class="xref"...

儿童和成人听力损失的患病率分别为19.5%1和15.2%。然而，大约39.3%的新生儿有异常的听力筛查没有得到治疗，如疾病控制中心报告3。听力损失是一种被广泛研究的疾病，啮齿动物是研究正常听力和听力相关疾病4、5、6、7、8、9的有力模型 ，10，11，12，13，14，15。听力障碍，如传导性听力损失（CHL），导致听觉皮层4的短期突触抑郁症增加，导致与频率调制检测阈值相关的较浅的心理测量斜坡5.通过手术去除/置换的胸膜、鼓膜 （TM） 穿刺或耳塞的传导性听力损失模型易于使用，并允许快速诱导听力损失模型5，14 ，15，16，17，18.本协议和方法的目的是在啮齿类动物中演示一种简单且可重复的CHL模型。
本协议价格低廉（所有工具为300美元），可随时修改，适用于不同的研究领域。大鼠曾对中耳解剖进行了详细评估，其中19、20、21、22、23、手术方法24、中耳炎模型25、 26，27和 TM 穿刺再生16，17，18，28，29，30，使其成为理想的模型研究听力损失。在这里，一个简单的CHL诱导程序描述与耳镜和行为评估验证与拍拍启动反应在大鼠，然后可用于探索听力损失的其他后遗症。CHL 程序由 TM 的手术穿刺诱导。CHL 程序的验证通过耳镜可视化执行，以确定没有 TM。行为评估由高分贝 （dB） 声压水平 （SPL） 手拍执行。该方法以前已应用于各种啮齿动物。它很容易复制，产生强大的心理测量差异和神经生理反应的变化4，5，16，17，18。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:612px;" width="610">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Latex, polyvinyl or nitrile gloves</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">AMMEX</td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td style="width:172px;">Use unpowdered gloves 8-mil</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:223px;">Micro spring scissors (see Fig. 1b)</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">RWD Life Science</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">S11035-08</td>
			<td>8.0 cm total length, with 3.5mm cutting edge, or similar micro forceps. Standard tweezers with spring action will suffice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Otoscope mini 3000</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">HEINE&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">D-008.70.120M</td>
			<td>Standard LED otoscope will suffice</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Rat or mouse</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">JAX labs</td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td>Any small rodent&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:223px;">Small rodent cage</td>
			<td style="width:95px;">Tecniplast</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">1284L</td>
			<td>Need two cages to separate CHL rodent from hearing rodent. If rodent are in direct contact with one-another, they will startle each other. Cage dimensions 365 x 207 x 140 mm, floor area: 530 cm2/82.15 in2</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

simple surgical induction of conductive hearing loss with verification using otoscope visualization and behavioral clap startle response in rat

传导性听力损失 （CHL） 是人体常见的听力损伤。该协议的目的是描述一个简单的外科手术，诱导啮齿动物的CHL。该协议通过鼓膜穿刺演示CHL。CHL手术的验证是通过耳镜检查和行为评估，通过拍拍的启动反应，既可复制又可靠，是证明听力损失发生的简单方法。简单的CHL程序具有优越的优越性，因为其可重复性和灵活性对听力损失研究中的不同追求。通过手术方法诱导CHL的局限性与执行外科手术的学习曲线和对听力检查的信心有关。由CHL诱导听力损伤，使人们能够随时研究听力损失的神经表现和行为结果。

简单的CHL程序对90只大鼠进行，在组2有显性出血，2没有听力损失的第二天评估的行为拍手。这四只老鼠被丢弃了。由于并发症，在讨论中的原因说明，应该丢弃大鼠。诱导TM穿刺和/或马勒鲁斯位移/去除（图2B）导致CHL，导致行为表现（即CHL - 对响亮的dB SPL起动无反应）。大鼠在手术前应接受子宫内窥镜检查，以确保子宫膜正常，术后应确保鼓膜穿刺...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat at JoVE.com

Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat

在这里，我们提出了一个协议，通过手术性鼓膜穿刺建立可复制的传导性听力损失诱导，并通过耳镜可视化和行为评估通过拍拍惊吓进行验证。

使用大鼠的耳镜可视化和行为拍片启动反应进行验证，对传导性听力损失进行简单手术诱导

Conductive hearing loss (CHL) is a prevalent hearing impairment in humans. The goal of the protocol is to describe a simple surgical procedure for ...

本研究的总体目标是通过手术性酪板膜穿刺建立可靠的听力损失诱导，通过耳镜可视化和行为评估通过拍手拍板建立可靠的听力损失诱导。我们的实践的目的是开发一个人体听力传导障碍的模型。在实践中演示了导电性听力损失外科手术，这是一种简化的耳塞去除，通过耳镜可视化验证传导性听力损失的方法，以及一个简单的行为拍手，验证了传导性听力损失的发生。我们描述的程序的主要优点是非侵入性程序，通过耳镜验证导电听力损失，以及通过拍手的验证。本研究及程序已获动物研究伦理委员会及香港城市大学、香港大学及香港特别行政区卫生署批准。对于目前的协议，我们选择老鼠，但你可以选择任何啮齿动物。称量动物，确保正确麻醉IP注射。对于麻醉，重要的是动物有适当的剂量。把你的老鼠捡起来。确保你正确剂量的氯胺酮和锡胺用于IP注射，并注射。确保执行手趾捏，以验证没有疼痛感。对于手术设置包括你的麻醉大鼠，微分，和你的耳镜。请用乙醇彻底清洁手术区域。将手术窗帘放在清洁的长凳上。随后介绍你的剪刀、显微镜和老鼠。你的剪刀的大小取决于你的啮齿动物的大小。在耳镜下，可视化大鼠的左耳和右耳，以确保健康的鼓膜。抓住螺旋，扩大外听觉管，使模糊和发黑。在这里，您将介绍微分体。将微分体引入听觉管的中心，注意不要划破组织。听流行声音，然后扭曲，以确保位移的马勒乌斯。确认一个成功的传导性听力损失手术，应用耳镜进行。使用小直径镜面镜评估手术前和手术后的每个大鼠耳朵。当用耳镜进行可视化时，应研究普通tympan膜和穿刺的tympan膜之间的差异。在这里，左侧的正常tympanic膜有马雷乌斯的头部就位，与右侧被刺穿的发孔膜有巨大不同。被刺穿的发孔膜，在传导性听力损失手术后，已经取代了马氏，而香肠与马鲁姆的umbo破裂，头部完全缺失。啮齿动物术后护理。将啮齿动物放在暖灯下的家中笼子里，并注射抗菌剂和葡萄糖。确认连接性听力损失与行为拍手的启动。CHL 大鼠被放置在两个相邻的笼子里，放在一只普通老鼠旁边。这些被放置在一个寂静的房间里。站在半米远的地方，在等空的持续时间内鼓掌，时间特定数次。在这里，我们选择五个。在这里，我们代表的行为结果。请注意，底部的老鼠不会跳到响亮的鼓掌声。屏幕顶部的老鼠被这些响亮的鼓掌声吓了一跳。请研究这两只大鼠的拍拍区分。未能诱发传导性听力损失。未能诱发传导性听力损失可能是由一只或两只耳朵出血引起的。在这种情况下，啮齿动物应该被安乐死。这表明剪刀没有接触发孔膜。过程中没有弹出的声音。无爆裂声表示导电性听力损失程序差且不干净。无弹出的声音将意味着您的微分光器没有直接接触的 tympanic 膜。奥托镜可视化。如果，当通过耳镜可视化时，发孔膜看起来正常，这将表示没有发生 CHL。对响亮的鼓掌声音测试的反应。这表明没有发生CHL，啮齿动物没有传导性听力损失。当老鼠跳跃或被响亮的拍手声吓了一跳时，就会发生这种情况。我们描述的程序的主要优点是非侵入性程序，通过耳镜验证导电性听力损失，以及通过拍手的验证。做实际操作后，可以在啮齿动物模型中诱导传导性听力损失，并探索这种听力障碍的行为和心理物理表现。

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Habituation and Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle in Rodents

在鼠害声不惊人死不休的习惯和前脉冲抑制

The acoustic startle response is a protective response, elicited by a sudden and intense acoustic stimulus. Facial and skeletal muscles are activated ...

科研

神经科学

A Simple Behavioral Assay for Testing Visual Function in Xenopus laevis

A Simple Behavioral Assay for Testing Visual Function in Xenopus laevis

一个简单的行为分析在检测视觉功能<em&gt;非洲爪蟾</em

Measurement of the visual function in the tadpoles of the frog, Xenopus laevis, allows screening for blindness in live animals. The optokinetic response ...

Olfactory Neurons Obtained through Nasal Biopsy Combined with Laser-Capture Microdissection: A Potential Approach to Study Treatment Response in Mental Disorders

通过鼻腔活检获得联合激光捕获显微切割的嗅觉神经元：一种可能的方法来研究治疗反应的精神障碍

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder with poorly understood pathophysiology and typically treated with the mood stabilizer, lithium ...

Quantification of Filamentous Actin (F-actin) Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

大鼠皮层神经元丝状肌动蛋白（F-肌动蛋白）泪点的量化

Filamentous actin protein (F-actin) plays a major role in spinogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and synaptic stability. Changes in dendritic F-actin rich ...

Cochlear Implant Surgery and Electrically-evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Recordings in C57BL/6 Mice

c57bl6 小鼠耳蜗植入术与电唤起脑干反应记录

Cochlear implants (CIs) are neuroprosthetic devices that can provide a sense of hearing to deaf people. However, a CI cannot restore all aspects of ...

Assessment of Long-term Depression Induction in Adult Cerebellar Slices

成人脑切片长期抑郁症诱导评估

Synaptic plasticity provides a mechanism for learning and memory. For cerebellar motor learning, long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmissions from ...

Long-range Channelrhodopsin-assisted Circuit Mapping of Inferior Colliculus Neurons with Blue and Red-shifted Channelrhodopsins

具有蓝色和红移通道性通道性神经元的长距离通道多普辛辅助电路映射

When investigating neural circuits, a standard limitation of the in vitro patch clamp approach is that axons from multiple sources are often intermixed, ...

Ballistic Labeling of Pyramidal Neurons in Brain Slices and in Primary Cell Culture

脑切片和原细胞培养中金字塔神经元的弹道标记

It has been reported that the size and shape of dendritic spines is related to their structural plasticity. To identify the morphological structure of ...

A Hydrophobic Tissue Clearing Method for Rat Brain Tissue

鼠脑组织疏水组织清除方法

Hydrophobic tissue clearing methods are easily adjustable, fast, and low-cost procedures that allows for the study of a molecule of interest in unaltered ...

A Rat Model of EcoHIV Brain Infection

生态HIV脑感染的老鼠模型

It has been well studied that the EcoHIV infected mouse model is of significant utility in investigating HIV associated neurological complications. ...