Name: the use of mouse splenocytes to assess pathogen-associated molecular pattern influence on clock gene expression
Uploaded: 2018-07-24T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af fakultetets forskning tilskud fra College of Arts og videnskaber Deans kontor på University Hartford.

I løbet af undersøgelsen, dyrs pleje og behandling overholdt National Institutes of Health policy, blev i overensstemmelse med institutionelle retningslinjer, og blev godkendt af University i Hartford animalske institutionelle dyrs pleje og brug udvalget.
1. medrivning af dyr
Bemærk: 20 uger gamle mandlige B6129SF2/J mus er anvendt i undersøgelsen.
<ol><li>Entrain mus til en 12 h lys (standard overhead hvidt lys) / 12 h mørke cyklus for 2 uger før eksperimen...

<ol>
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Neurosci. 35, 445-462 (2012).</li><li>Balsalobre, A., Damiola, F., Schibler, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+serum+shock+induces+circadian+gene+expression+in+mammalian+tissue+culture+cells.">A serum shock induces circadian gene expression in mammalian tissue culture cells.</a> Cell. 93, 929-937 (1998).</li><li>Yoo, S. -. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE+real-time+reporting+of+circadian+dynamics+reveals+persistent+circadian+oscillations+in+mouse+peripheral+tissues.">PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE real-time reporting of circadian dynamics reveals persistent circadian oscillations in mouse peripheral tissues.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101, 5339-5346 (2004).</li><li>Yamazaki, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resetting+Central+and+Peripheral+Circadian+Oscillators+in+Transgenic+Rats.">Resetting Central and Peripheral Circadian Oscillators in Transgenic Rats.</a> Science. 288, 682-685 (2000).</li><li>Lowrey, P. L., Takahashi, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetics+of+circadian+rhythms+in+mammalian+model+organisms.">Genetics of circadian rhythms in mammalian model organisms.</a> Adv. Genet. 74, 175-230 (2011).</li><li>Curtis, A. M., Bellet, M. M., Sassone-Corsi, P., O'Neill, L. A. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circadian+Clock+Proteins+and+Immunity.">Circadian Clock Proteins and Immunity.</a> Immunity. 40, 178-186 (2014).</li><li>Keller, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+circadian+clock+in+macrophages+controls+inflammatory+immune+responses.">A circadian clock in macrophages controls inflammatory immune responses.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106, 21407-21412 (2009).</li><li>Silver, A. C., Arjona, A., Hughes, M. E., Nitabach, M. N., Fikrig, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circadian+expression+of+clock+genes+in+mouse+macrophages,+dendritic+cells,+and+B+cells.">Circadian expression of clock genes in mouse macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.</a> Brain. Behav. Immun. 26, 407-413 (2012).</li><li>Kawai, T., Akira, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+pattern-recognition+receptors+in+innate+immunity+update+on+Toll-like+receptors.">The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity update on Toll-like receptors.</a> Nat. Publ. Gr. 11, 373-384 (2010).</li><li>Marpeg&#225;n, L., Bekinschtein, T. A., Costas, M. A., Golombek, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circadian+responses+to+endotoxin+treatment+in+mice.">Circadian responses to endotoxin treatment in mice.</a> J. Neuroimmunol. 160, 102-109 (2005).</li><li>Okada, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Injection+of+LPS+Causes+Transient+Suppression+of+Biological+Clock+Genes+in+Rats.">Injection of LPS Causes Transient Suppression of Biological Clock Genes in Rats.</a> J. Surg. Res. 145, 5-12 (2008).</li><li>Haimovich, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+endotoxin+synchronizes+and+suppresses+clock+gene+expression+in+human+peripheral+blood+leukocytes.">In vivo endotoxin synchronizes and suppresses clock gene expression in human peripheral blood leukocytes.</a> Crit. Care Med. 38, 751-758 (2010).</li><li>Curtis, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circadian+control+of+innate+immunity+in+macrophages+by+miR-155+targeting+Bmal1.">Circadian control of innate immunity in macrophages by miR-155 targeting Bmal1.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 112, 7231-7236 (2015).</li><li>Silver, A. C., Arjona, A., Walker, W. E., Fikrig, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Circadian+Clock+Controls+Toll-like+Receptor+9-Mediated+Innate+and+Adaptive+Immunity.">The Circadian Clock Controls Toll-like Receptor 9-Mediated Innate and Adaptive Immunity.</a> Immunity. , (2012).</li><li>Gibbs, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nuclear+receptor+REV-ERB+&#945;+mediates+circadian+regulation+of+innate+immunity+through+selective+regulation+of+inflammatory+cytokines.">The nuclear receptor REV-ERB &#945; mediates circadian regulation of innate immunity through selective regulation of inflammatory cytokines.</a> PNAS. 109, 582-587 (2012).</li><li>Zee, P. C., Attarian, H., Videnovic, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circadian+rhythm+abnormalities.">Circadian rhythm abnormalities.</a> Contin. Lifelong Learn. Neurol. 19, 132-147 (2013).</li><li>Bovbjerg, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circadian+disruption+and+cancer:+sleep+and+immune+regulation.">Circadian disruption and cancer: sleep and immune regulation.</a> Brain. Behav. Immun. 17, 48-50 (2003).</li><li>Fu, L., Lee, C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+circadian+clock:+pacemaker+and+tumour+suppressor.">The circadian clock: pacemaker and tumour suppressor.</a> Nat. Rev. Cancer. 3, 350-361 (2003).</li><li>Germain, A., Kupfer, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CIRCADIAN+RHYTHM+DISTURBANCES+IN+DEPRESSION.">CIRCADIAN RHYTHM DISTURBANCES IN DEPRESSION.</a> Hum. Psychopharmacol. 23, 571-585 (2008).</li><li>. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basic+Mouse+Care+and+Maintenance.">Basic Mouse Care and Maintenance.</a> JoVE. , (2018).</li><li>Leary, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AVMA+Guidelines+for+the+Euthanasia+of+Animals+:+2013+Edition.">AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals : 2013 Edition.</a> AVMA. , (2013).</li><li>Silver, A. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathogen-associated+molecular+patterns+alter+molecular+clock+gene+expression+in+mouse+splenocytes.">Pathogen-associated molecular patterns alter molecular clock gene expression in mouse splenocytes.</a> PLoS One. , 12-15 (2017).</li><li>Silver, A. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Daily+oscillations+in+expression+and+responsiveness+of+Toll-like+receptors+in+splenic+immune+cells.">Daily oscillations in expression and responsiveness of Toll-like receptors in splenic immune cells.</a> Heliyon. , 00579 (2018).</li></ol>

Inden for denne protokol, kan Spektrofotometer microvolume bruges til at kvantificere og vurdere renhedsgraden af RNA anvendes ved fastsættelsen af genekspression. Nukleinsyrer absorberer UV-lys på 260 nm, proteiner typisk absorbere lys på 280 nm, mens andre potentielle forurenende stoffer anvendes under ekstraktionsprocedure RNA (fx fenol) er påviselige på 230 nm. Derfor, ved at vurdere absorbans (A) ratio på 260/280 nm (RNA til protein) og 260/230 nm (RNA til ikke-proteinholdige kontaminanter) kvaliteten...

Master uret i pattedyr, der orchestrates 24 h svingninger for næsten alle aspekter af fysiologi og adfærd, er beliggende i suprachiasmatic kernen (SCN) i hypothalamus1,2. Ud over regulering af biologiske processer på et kropsligt niveau, synkroniserer master uret også perifere cellulære ure i hele kroppen3,4,5. Mens molekylære ur maskinen består af mindst tre sikringsanlæg transcriptional-translationel feedback loops, består kernen af periode (Per1-3), Cryptochrome (Cry1-2), Bmal1, og ur gener6,7. Udover opretholde den nøjagtige timing af core molekylære ur, nogle accessoriske ur genprodukter (fx, Rev-erbα og Dbp) også regulere udtryk for ikke-ur gener, dvs, uret kontrolleret gener (samlekortspil)6 , 7.
Funktionelle molekylære ure er blevet beskrevet i forskellige immun væv (f.eks, milt og lymfeknuder)8 og celler (f.eks. B celler, makrofager, dendritiske celler)8,9. Disse celler opdage og reagere på patogen-associeret molekylære mønstre (PAMPs), bevarede mikrobielle komponenter via medfødte immun anerkendelse receptorer som Toll-lignende receptorer (TLRs)10. Til dato, er blevet beskrevet 13 funktionelle TLRs, som anerkender mikrobielle bestanddele som bakterielle cellevæg komponenter, flagellaternes protein og mikrobielle nukleinsyrer10. PAMP, LPS (LPS), en cellevæg komponent af gram-negative bakterier genkendes af TLR4, har vist sig at ændre døgnrytmen på både kropsligt og molekylært niveau. For eksempel, i vivo udfordring af LPS induceret fotiske-lignende fase forsinkelser som målt ved aktivitet i mus11 og ført til reducerede ur genekspression i SCN og leveren som fastlagt i situ hybridisering og kvantitativ PCR, henholdsvis i rotter12. Efter en i vivo udfordring med LP'ER viste analyse af humant perifert blod leukocytter13 og subkutane fedtvæv14 ændrede udtryk for flere ur gener som målt via qPCR. Endelig, ex vivo LP'ER udfordringer af menneskelige makrofager og mus peritoneal makrofager, også førte til ændret ur udtryk som målt ved qPCR14.
Her, vi beskriver en protokol for at vurdere indflydelsen af PAMPs LP'ER, ODN1826 (syntetisk oligonukleotider indeholdende unmethylated CpG motiver), og varme-dræbte Listeria monocytogenes (HKLM), anerkendt af TLR4, TLR9 og TLR2, henholdsvis på molekylære ur genekspression i mus splenocytes. Protokollen indeholder mus splenektomi, splenocyte isolation og udfordring, RNA udvinding, cDNA syntese og qPCR for at vurdere udtryk for flere ur gener. Denne protokol giver mulighed for rettidig erhvervelse af et stort antal af immunceller med meget lille dyr eller cellulære manipulation, som derefter kan udfordret ex vivo med forskellige PAMPs. Den molekylære ur har vist sig at modulere forskellige aspekter af immunresponset8,15,16, derfor, forstyrrelse af den molekylære ur højst sandsynligt ville forringe den ordentlig tidsafhængig variation af den immunrespons. Hertil kommer, da forstyrrelser af døgnrytmen kan føre til alvorlige patologier17,18,19,20, kan det være af interesse for forskere at udfordre splenocytes med en bred vifte af molekyler og vurdere deres indflydelse på uret.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:796px;" width="795">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:343px;">Frosted slides</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:137px;">12-550-343</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cell strainers</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td align="right">22363547</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Lipopolysaccharide&#160;</td>
			<td>InvivoGen</td>
			<td>ltrl-eklps</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">ODN1826</td>
			<td>InvivoGen</td>
			<td>Tlrl-1826-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HKLM</td>
			<td>InvivoGen</td>
			<td>Tlrl-hklm</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RPMI 1640</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>11875-093</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>20012-043</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RNeasy Mini Kit</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>74104 or 74106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RNase-Free DNase Set</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td align="right">79254</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">6-well cell culture plate</td>
			<td>Denville</td>
			<td>T1006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">50 ml tubes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td align="right">352070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">15 ml tubes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td align="right">352097</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">High Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td align="right">4368814</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Assays b-actin</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>Mm00607939_s1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Assays Per2</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>Mm00478113_m1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Assays Rev-erba</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>Mm00520708_m1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Assays Bmal1</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>Mm00500226_m1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Assays Dbp</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>Mm00497539_m1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">qPCR machine StepOnePlus</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TaqMan Gene Expression Master Mix</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td align="right">4369016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MicroAmp Fast 96-well reaction plate (0.1 ml)</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td align="right">4346907</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Statistical Analysis Software</td>
			<td>Prism 7.0a</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the use of mouse splenocytes to assess pathogen-associated molecular pattern influence on clock gene expression

Fra adfærd til Gen-ekspression regulere døgnrytme næsten alle aspekter af fysiologi. Vi præsenterer her, en metode til at udfordre mus splenocytes med patogen-associeret molekylære mønstre (PAMPs) LPS (LPS), ODN1826 og varme-dræbte Listeria monocytogenes og undersøge deres indvirkning på den molekylære døgnrytmen ur. Tidligere har studier fokuseret på behandlingen af LP'ER indflydelse på den molekylære ur ved hjælp af en række i vivo og ex vivo tilgange fra et sortiment af modeller (f.eks. mus, rotte og menneskelige). Denne protokol beskriver isolation og udfordring af splenocytes, samt metoden til at vurdere ur gen udtryk efter udfordring via kvantitativ PCR. Denne fremgangsmåde kan bruges til at vurdere ikke kun indflydelse af mikrobielle komponenter på den molekylære ur men andre molekyler, der kan ændre udtrykket af uret. Denne tilgang kunne udnyttes til at drille hinanden den molekylære mekanisme af hvordan PAMP-Toll-lignende receptor interaktion påvirker ur udtryk.

Mus blev ofret på ZT13, splenocytes blev isoleret og udfordret ex vivo med PAMPs LP'ER, ODN1826 eller HKLM. Efter 3 h, RNA blev isoleret og qPCR blev brugt til at vurdere relative udtryk niveauer af de molekylære ur gener ur, Per2, Dbp, og Rev-erbα i forhold til uantastet kontrol celler. Efter PAMP udfordring var ur udtryk niveauer ikke væsentligt anderledes end udtryk i kontrol celler (fig. 1A...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression at JoVE.com

The Use of Mouse Splenocytes to Assess Pathogen-associated Molecular Pattern Influence on Clock Gene Expression

Denne protokol beskriver en teknik, ved hjælp af musen splenocytes for at opdage patogen-associeret molekylære mønstre, der ændrer molekylære ur genekspression.

Brug af musen Splenocytes at vurdere patogen-associeret molekylære mønster indflydelse på ur genekspression

From behavior to gene expression, circadian rhythms regulate nearly all aspects of physiology. Here, we present a methodology to challenge mouse ...

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