Name: a direct force probe for measuring mechanical integration between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton
Uploaded: 2018-07-29T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了 NIH R01 EB014869 的支持。

1. 准备用于成像的细胞
注: 直接力探头 (DFP) 可用于任何粘附单元类型。在这里, NIH 3T3 小鼠成纤维细胞被用作该协议的模型细胞线。
<ol><li>培养 NIH 3T3 成纤维细胞在 Dulbecco 的改良鹰的培养基 (DMEM) 补充10% 捐赠牛血清和1% 青霉素-链霉素在35毫米玻璃底部菜, 直到理想的融合。保持细胞在37°c 和 5% CO2。<ol>
<li>一定要涂上所有35毫米玻璃底菜与5µg/毫升纤维连接蛋白 (或类?...

<ol>
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测量细胞核与细胞骨架的机械结合是目前大多数方法的挑战, 如微吸入16, 因为它们需要两个孤立的原子核 (在细胞核与骨架分离的地方) 或悬浮细胞中的细胞核 (如牵引力, 无细胞外力)。通过将双轴应变应用于附着在膜17、18的细胞中, 将力应用于细胞核;然而, 这种技术是有限的事实, 在原子核的力量是未知的。原子力显微镜 (AFM) 探针被?...

如癌症等病症涉及对核形态和结构1,2的改变, 通常伴随着 "软化" 的核心3,4。对机械变形的核阻力一般是将力应用于孤立原子核5。
细胞核在细胞是分子连接到细胞骨架由 Nucleoskeleton 和细胞骨架 (林肯) 复杂6,7,8,9的链接器。因此, 细胞核是机械地与细胞骨架结合, 并通过细胞基质粘连, 细胞外基质。机械地探测黏附细胞内的细胞核可以提供对这种机械整合的洞察力。在活细胞中操纵细胞核的方法包括微吸入10、11和原子力显微镜12、13、14。我们最近描述了一个直接的力量探针 (DFP), 直接地应用机械力量在原子核在活黏附力细胞15。
在这里, 我们概述了使用显微注射系统的程序, 通常是在显微镜的设施, 以应用已知的, 纳米级的机械力直接到核在黏附细胞。femtotip (0.5 µm 直径微尖端) 安装并连接到微注射系统由一个管。尖端, 定位在45°角度相对于养殖皿的表面, 被降低, 直到相邻的核表面。管子然后被断开并且被打开对大气, 在核表面创造一个负吸力压力并且封印微尖端反对核表面。通过微尖端的翻译, 原子核变形, 最终 (取决于施加的力的大小), 脱离微。当由原子核和细胞施加的恢复力 (抵抗) 力等于微所施加的吸力时, 这种分离就会发生。分析可以通过测量原子核的位移、长度应变 (方程 1) 或区域应变 (图 1A) 来进行。

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">FluoroDish</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">WPI</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">FD35</td>
			<td style="width:355px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:299px;">SYTO 59</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S11341</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:299px;">Femtotips&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td align="right">930000043</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:299px;">InjectMan NI2</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NA</td>
			<td>discontinued, current equivalent model: InjectMan 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:299px;">FemtoJet</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NA</td>
			<td>Current model FemtoJet 4i</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Plan Fluor oil immersion 40x</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Apo TIRF oil immersion 60x</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:299px;">Donor Bovine Serum (DBS)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">16030074</td>
			<td>NIH 3T3 serum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Modification of Eagle&#39;s (DMEM)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Mediatech cellgro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MT10013CVRF</td>
			<td>NIH 3T3 medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:299px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MT30004CIRF</td>
			<td>NIH 3T3 medium supplement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:299px;">Immersion Oil Type LDF Non-Fluorescing</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Nikon</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">77007</td>
			<td>Immersion oil for objective lens&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a direct force probe for measuring mechanical integration between the nucleus and the cytoskeleton

原子核的力学性质决定了它对细胞中产生的机械力的反应。由于细胞核是细胞骨架的连续分子, 因此需要方法来探讨其在黏附细胞中的力学行为。在这里, 我们讨论直接力探针 (DFP) 作为一个工具, 以力量直接向细胞核在一个活生生的黏附细胞。我们用吸力将一个狭窄的微附着在核表面。微从原子核中被翻译出来, 使原子核变形和转化。当恢复力等于吸力时, 原子核分离, 弹性松弛。因为吸入压力是已知的, 核表面上的力是已知的。该方法表明, 纳米尺度力足以使粘附细胞中的细胞核变形和转化, 并确定骨架元素, 使得原子核能够抵抗力。DFP 可用于解剖细胞和核成分对活细胞核力学性能的贡献。

图 2A显示了 NIH 3T3 小鼠成纤维细胞核的强迫。当微尖端被翻译成右侧时, 原子核会变形, 最终与微尖端分离。随着抽吸力的增加, 原子核的长度应变增加 (图 2B)。原子核的前缘 (微拉边) 形成核突起, 尾部边缘从原位置偏移。突起的长度远远大于尾部边缘位移 (图 2C), 表明细胞核与周围细胞质紧密结合。时间?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton at JoVE.com

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

测量细胞核与骨架间机械一体化的直接力探针

在本协议中, 我们描述了一种微方法, 直接将受控力应用于活细胞中的细胞核。这项化验允许审讯活体, 黏附细胞的核机械性质。

The mechanical properties of the nucleus determine its response to mechanical forces generated in cells. Because the nucleus is molecularly continuous ...

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