Name: the identification of sea lamprey pheromones using bioassay-guided fractionation
Uploaded: 2018-07-17T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation at JoVE.com

Okyanus deniz lampreys sağlamak için Kanada ve ABD Jeolojik Araştırma Hammond Bay biyolojik İstasyonu onların araştırma tesislerinin kullanımı ve personel ABD balık ve vahşi yaşam servisi ve balıkçılık için teşekkür ederiz. Bu araştırma Weiming Li ve Ke Li büyük göl balıkçılık Komisyonu hibe tarafından desteklenmiştir.

Tüm yöntem tanımlamak burada kurumsal hayvan bakım ve kullanım Komitesi, Michigan State University (AUF # 03/14-054-00 ve 02/17-031-00) tarafından onaylanmış olması.
1. toplama ve çıkarma deniz taşemen su şartına
<ol><li>Yer cinsel olgun erkek deniz lampreys (15-30 hayvanlar) 250 L 16-18 ° C'de tutulan gazlı göl Huron su ile birlikte bir su tankında</li>
	<li>Her gece boyunca erkek şartına su Haziran ile Temmuz için toplamak. Not: deniz lampreys doğal yumurtlama sonr...

<ol>
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J., Li, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+and+characterization+of+natural+products+that+act+as+pheromones+in+fish.">Discovery and characterization of natural products that act as pheromones in fish.</a> Natural Product Reports. , (2018).</li><li>Yambe, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=L-Kynurenine,+an+amino+acid+identified+as+a+sex+pheromone+in+the+urine+of+ovulated+female+masu+salmon.">L-Kynurenine, an amino acid identified as a sex pheromone in the urine of ovulated female masu salmon.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 103 (42), 15370-15374 (2006).</li><li>Rasmussen, L., Lee, T. D., Zhang, A., Roelofs, W. L., Daves, G. 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Balık bileşiklerin henüz tespit için tam bir kimyasal dünyada yaşıyoruz. Bioassay-güdümlü ayırma belirlemek ve bu masu somon31, Asya filler32ve deniz lampreys33gözlenen gibi birçok kimyasal etkileşimlerin arabuluculuk biyoaktif molekülleri karakterize temel kanıtlamıştır, 34,35. Bioassay-güdümlü ayırma doğru bir şekilde izleme ve belirlemekte başlangıç ...

Feromonlar gıda kaynakları bulma, yırtıcı algılama ve conspecifics1sosyal etkileşimlerin arabuluculuk yardım bireyler tarafından yayımlanan belirli kimyasal sinyaller. Feromon iletişim böceklerde de okudu2olmuştur; Ancak, kimyasal kimlik ve suda yaşayan omurgalı Feromonlar biyolojik fonksiyonu olarak kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir değil. Kimlik bilgisine ve serbest Feromonlar fonksiyonu tehdit türlerin3,4 veya kontrol haşere türü5,6kurtarma kolaylaştırmak için uygulanır. Bu tekniklerin uygulama yalıtım ve karakterizasyonu biyoaktif feromon bileşenleri gerektirir.
Feromon kimlik doğal ürün Kimya bir dalıdır. Feromon araştırma sürüyor kısmen feromon moleküller kendilerini yapısı nedeniyle sınırlı olmuştur. Feromonlar çoğu kez kararsız ve küçük miktarlarda yılında yayımlanan ve uçucu7,8 , suda çözünen bileşikler9dakika miktarda algılamak için sadece birkaç örnekleme teknikleri adlı biri yok. Feromonlar tanımlamak için bir yaklaşım bilinen bileşikler, 2) metabolomics ve 3) bioassay-güdümlü ayırma hedeflenen 1) bir tarama içerir. A hedeflenen perde bilinen bileşikler ticari olarak mevcut metabolik yan ürünleri Feromonlar çalışması için olan fizyolojik süreçlerin sınar. Araştırmacılar sadece bilinir ve kullanılabilir bileşenler test edebilirsiniz çünkü bu yaklaşım sınırlayıcı olduğunu. Ancak, Japon balığı cinsiyet hormonları başarılı tanımlaması bu işlevi Feromonlar10,11,12olarak sonuçlandı. Metabolomics biyolojik sistem13içinde potansiyel küçük molekül metabolik ürünler ayıran ikinci bir feromon kimlik bir yaklaşımdır. İki grubun (yani, bir etkin ve etkin olmayan bir özü) metabolik profilleri karşılaştırılması potansiyel bir metabolik profili kimliği sağlar hangi metaboliti saf üzerinden, yapısı aydınlatılmamıştır ve bioactivity teyit edilen14yaşında. Özel karışımlar karmaşık formülasyonları katkı maddesi ya da sinerjik etkileri metabolitleri birlikte yerine kesirler13bir dizi olarak kabul edilir çünkü metabolomics ile tespit edilebilir olasılığı daha yüksektir. Ancak, elde edilen verileri yeni yapıların aydınlatma kolaylaştırmak değil çünkü metabolomics uygulanması sentetik başvurular kullanılabilirliğine dayanır.
Bioassay-güdümlü ayırma yaklaşımdır iki alanı kapsayan bir entegre, yinelemeli: kimya ve biyoloji. Bu yaklaşım kılavuzu yalıtım ve bir etkin feromon bileşik tanımlaması için fizyolojik ve davranışsal biyoanalizler sonuçlarını kullanır. Ham bir özü bir kimyasal özelliği (yani, moleküler boyutu, polarite, vb) tarafından şeker ve elektro-olfactogram (EOG) kayýtlarý içeren ve/veya bir bioassay test edilmiştir. Biyoaktif bileşenler ayırma ve EOGs ve/veya biyoanalizler aşağıdaki adımları tekrar ederek dışarı ekranlı. Saf aktif bileşikler yapılarının moleküler ağırlık ve bahçedeki sentezlenmiş için bir şablon oluşturmak için yapısal bilgi sağlayan spektrometrik ve spektroskopik yöntemler tarafından aydınlatılmamıştır. Bioassay-güdümlü ayırma farklı metabolitleri ve potansiyel olarak Roman Feromonlar biyosentetik yolları öngörülen vermemektedirler benzersiz kimyasal iskeletler ile yol açabilir.
Burada, biz yalıtmak ve erkek deniz taşemen seks feromon bileşiklerin bioactivity karakterize için kullanılan bioassay güdümlü ayırma iletişim kuralı tanımlamak. Deniz taşemen (Petromyzon marinus) Bu balıklar ağır üç ayrı aşamadan oluşan anadromous onların yaşam öyküsü arabuluculuk kimyasal cues koku algılamayı dayandığından feromon iletişim eğitim için ideal bir omurgalı modelidir: Larvalar, çocuk ve yetişkin. Deniz taşemen larvaları tatlı su akışları tortu yuva, köklü bir metamorfoz geçmesi ve bir göl veya nerede büyük konak balık parasitize okyanus geçirmek gençlere dönüştürün. Ana bilgisayar balıktan ayırma sonra yetişkin yumurtlama akarsu geri akışı yerleşik larva15,16,17,18tarafından,19 serbest göçmen Feromonlar rehberliğinde göç . Olgun erkek yumurtlamabölgelerine dönmek çıkmak, arkadaşları çekmek, yaklaşık bir hafta için zaman zaman spawn ve sonra15,20ölmek çok bileşenli seks feromon serbest. Deniz taşemen Feromonlar tanımlaması önemli çünkü bir modülasyon feromon iletişim sisteminin Laurentian büyük göller21invaziv deniz lampreys kontrol etmek için kabul seçenekler arasında yer alıyor.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Borosilicate glass capillaries</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">1B150-4</td>
			<td>odorant delivery tube for EOG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:340px;">Recording electrode holder E Series straight body with Ag/AgCl pellet for glass capillary OD 1.5 mm</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">ESP-M15N</td>
			<td>recording electrode holder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:340px;">Reference electrode holder E Series with handle with&#160; Ag/AgCl pellet&#160; for glass capillary OD 1.5 mm</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">E45P-F15NH</td>
			<td>reference electrode holder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">1 mm pin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">WC1-10</td>
			<td>to bridge reference and recording electrode holders</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">2 mm pin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Warner Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">WC2-5</td>
			<td>to bridge reference and recording electrode holders</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Agar</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">A1296</td>
			<td>molten agar to fill electrodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Potassium chloride (KCl)</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">P9333</td>
			<td>3M KCl to fill electrodes and electrode holders</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Micropipette microfil</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">MF28G-5</td>
			<td>to fill electrodes and electrode holders&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">L-Arginine</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">A5006</td>
			<td>positive control odorant for EOG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">34860</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Water bath</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Custom made</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">N/A</td>
			<td>holds odorants for EOG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3-aminobenzoic acid ethyl ester (MS222)</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Syndel USA</td>
			<td>Tricaine1G</td>
			<td>EOG anesthetic&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Gallamine triethiodide</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">G8134-5G</td>
			<td>EOG paralytic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">1 mL syringe</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>301025</td>
			<td>to administer paralytic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Subcutaneous needle 26G 5/8</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">305115</td>
			<td>to administer paralytic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Roller clamp</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">14043-20</td>
			<td>adjust flow rate of anesthic into lamprey&#39;s mouth</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Sodium chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">J.T. Baker</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">3624-05</td>
			<td>for preparation of 0.9% saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">V-shaped plastic stand as specimen stage</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Custom made</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">N/A</td>
			<td>holds lamprey during EOG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Plastic trough</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Custom made</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">N/A</td>
			<td>holds V-shaped plastic stand during EOG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Scalpel Blades - #11</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">10011-00</td>
			<td>for EOG dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Scalpel Handle - #3</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">10003-12</td>
			<td>for EOG dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Straight ultra fine forceps</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">11252-00</td>
			<td>for EOG dissection, Dumont #5SF Forceps</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Curved ultra fine forceps</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11370-42</td>
			<td>for EOG dissection, Moria MC40B</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Straight pring Scissors</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15003-08</td>
			<td>for EOG dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Stereomicroscope</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Discovery V8</td>
			<td>for EOG dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Illuminator light</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">CL 1500 ECO</td>
			<td>for EOG dissection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Plastic tubing</td>
			<td>Generic</td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td>to connect re-circulating EOG setup and water baths</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Odorant delivery tubing&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Custom made</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">In line filter and gasket set</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Lee Company</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">TCFA1201035A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Micromanipulators</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Narishige</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">MM-3</td>
			<td>to position electrodes and odorant delivery capillary tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Magnetic holding devices</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Kanetec</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">MB-K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Valve driver</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Arduino</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">custom made</td>
			<td>to control the opening of the valve for odor stimulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Electromagnetic valve</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Lee Company</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">LFAA1201618H</td>
			<td>valve for odor stimulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">NeuroLog AC/DC amplifier</td>
			<td>Digitimer Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">NL106</td>
			<td>to increase the amplitude of the elictrical signal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">NeuroLog DC pre-amplifier with headstage</td>
			<td>Digitimer Ltd.</td>
			<td>NL102G</td>
			<td>to increase the amplitude of the elictrical signal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Low-pass 60 Hz filter</td>
			<td>Digitimer Ltd.</td>
			<td>NL125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:340px;">Digitizer</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices LLC</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Axon Digidata 1440A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:340px;">Dell computer (OptiPlex 745) running Axoscope data acquistion software</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Molecular Devices LLC</td>
			<td>AxoScope version 10.4&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Faraday cage</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Custom made</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Electromagnetic noise shielding</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Two-choice maze</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Custom made</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">N/A</td>
			<td>waterproofed marine grade plywood covered with plastic liner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Trash pump</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Honda</td>
			<td>WT30XK4A</td>
			<td>fills maze with water from nearby river</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:340px;">Peristaltic pump with tubing</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Cole Parmer</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Masterflex 07557-00</td>
			<td>to adminster odorants in maze</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Inverter Generator&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Honda</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">EU1000i</td>
			<td>powers perstaltic pump</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Release cage</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Custom made</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">N/A</td>
			<td>used to acclimate lamprey in the maze</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Mesh</td>
			<td>Generic</td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td>used to contain the dimensions of the maze and minimize water turbulance with mesh rollers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Buckets (5 gallon)</td>
			<td>Generic</td>
			<td style="width:160px;"></td>
			<td>to mix odorants</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Flow meter</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Marsh-McBirney</td>
			<td>Flo-Mate 2000</td>
			<td>to measure discharge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">XAD 7 HP resin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Dow chemical</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">37380-43-1</td>
			<td>for extraction of conditioned water&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">34860</td>
			<td>for extraction of conditioned water&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Water bath</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Yamato</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">BM 200</td>
			<td>for extraction of conditioned water&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:340px;">Freeze dryer</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Labconco</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">CentriVap&#160; Concentrator</td>
			<td>for extraction of conditioned water&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">CX1050</td>
			<td>for isolation of fraction pools</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Silica gel 70-230 mesh</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">112926-00-8</td>
			<td>for isolation of fraction pools</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Silica gel 230-400 mesh</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">112926-00-8</td>
			<td>for isolation of fraction pools</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:340px;">Pre-coated silica gel TLC plates</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">99571</td>
			<td>for isolation of fraction pools</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anisaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">A88107</td>
			<td>for isolation of fraction pools</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sephadex LH-20</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">17-0090-01</td>
			<td>for isolation of fraction pools</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Amberlite XAD 7 HP resin</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">XAD7HP</td>
			<td>for extraction of conditioned water&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4, 2.5L capacity glass columns</td>
			<td>Ace Glass Inc.</td>
			<td>5820</td>
			<td>for extraction of conditioned water&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acetone</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">650501</td>
			<td>for extraction of conditioned water&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TQ-S TOF LC Mass spectrometer (or equivalent)</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Waters Co.</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">N/A</td>
			<td>for structure elucidation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Binary HPLC pump</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Waters Co.</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">1525</td>
			<td>for isolation of fraction pools/compounds</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Agilent NMR spectrometer, 900MHz (or equivalent)</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">N/A</td>
			<td>for structure elucidation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Rotovap drying system</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Buchi</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">RII</td>
			<td>for extraction of conditioned water&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">UV lamp (254 nm)</td>
			<td style="width:199px;">Spectronics Co.</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">ENF-240C</td>
			<td>for thin layer chromatography&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the identification of sea lamprey pheromones using bioassay-guided fractionation

Bioassay-güdümlü ayırma Kılavuzu yalıtım ve bir etkin feromon bileşik tanımlaması için fizyolojik ve davranışsal biyoanalizler sonuçlarını kullanır yinelemeli bir yaklaşımdır. Bu yöntem başarılı alan nitelik özellikleri kimyasal sinyallerin Feromonlar hayvan türlerinin geniş bir alanda olarak bu işlev sonuçlandı. Deniz lampreys davranış ya da fizyolojik yanıt aracılık Feromonlar tespit etmek için koku alma üzerinde güveniyor. Biz bu bilgi balık biyoloji sözde Feromonlar işlevlerini yerine koymak ve Kılavuzu yalıtım ve etkin feromon bileşenleri tanımlaması için kullanın. Kromatografi ayıklamak, konsantre ve bileşikleri şartına sudan ayırmak için kullanılır. Elektro-olfactogram (EOG) kayıtları hangi kesirler koku yanıt-e doğru çıkarmak belirlemek için yapılmaktadır. İki seçenekli labirent davranış deneyleri daha sonra herhangi bir kokulu kesirler de davranışsal etkindir ve neden bir tercih belirlemek için kullanılır. Spektrometrik ve spektroskopik Yöntemler moleküler ağırlık ve yapısı aydınlatma ile yardımcı olacak yapısal bilgiler sağlar. Bioactivity saf bileşiklerin EOG ve davranışsal deneyleri ile doğrulanır. Labirent içinde gözlenen davranış yanıt sonuçta kendi işlevleriyle bir doğal akışı ayarı onaylamak için bir alan ortamda doğrulanması. Bu biyoanalizler 1) ayırma işlemi yol ve 2) onaylamak için ikili bir rol oynar ve daha fazla ayrılmış bileşenleri bioactivity tanımlamak. Burada, bioassay güdümlü ayırma yaklaşım yarar reaksiyonların bir deniz taşemen feromon kimlik temsilcisi sonuçları raporu. Deniz taşemen Feromonlar tanımlaması invaziv deniz taşemen Laurentian göller denetlemek için kabul seçenekler arasında bir modülasyon feromon iletişim sistemi olduğu için özellikle önemlidir. Bu yöntemi özellikleri geniş bir dizi iletişim kimyasal karakterize ve su bazlı kimyasal ekoloji ışık için kolayca adapte edilebilir.

Bioassay-güdümlü Ayırma Protokolü içinde açıklanan adımları özetleyen bir diyagram Şekil 1' de gösterilen. Protokol yalıtmak ve yapısı, koku kudret ve davranış etkinliği 5 sözde deniz taşemen Feromonlar (Şekil 2) ile karakterize için adımları içerir. Kütle spektrometrik ve NMR veri (Şekil 3 ve Şekil 4) kullanarak, petromyzene A-B ve petromyzo...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation at JoVE.com

The Identification of Sea Lamprey Pheromones Using Bioassay-Guided Fractionation

Burada, ayırmak ve yapısını, koku kudret ve deniz lampreys, sözde feromon bileşiklerin davranışsal yanıt karakterize bir iletişim kuralı mevcut.

Bioassay-güdümlü ayırma kullanarak deniz taşemen Feromonlar tanımlaması

Bioassay-guided fractionation is an iterative approach that uses the results of physiological and behavioral bioassays to guide the isolation and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Identification of Fatty Acids in Bacillus cereus

Identification of Fatty Acids in Bacillus cereus

Yağ Asitlerinin Tanımlanması içinde<em&gt; Bacillus cereus</em

The Bacillus species contain branched chain and unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) with diverse positions of the methyl branch (iso or anteiso) and of the ...

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for the Identification of Multiple Phosphorylations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

Özünde Düzensiz Proteinlerin Çoklu fosforilasyon Saptanma Nükleer Manyetik Rezonans Spektroskopisi

Aggregates of the neuronal Tau protein are found inside neurons of Alzheimer's disease patients. Development of the disease is accompanied by increased, ...

A Protein Preparation Method for the High-throughput Identification of Proteins Interacting with a Nuclear Cofactor Using LC-MS/MS Analysis

LC-MS / MS Analizi Nükleer kofaktör ile etkileşimde proteinlerin yüksek verimli belirlenmesi için bir protein Hazırlama Yöntemi

Transcriptional coregulators are vital to the efficient transcriptional regulation of nuclear chromatin structure. Coregulators play a variety of roles in ...

Brain Membrane Fractionation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Assess Subsynaptic Protein Localization

Brain Membrane Fractionation: An Ex Vivo Approach to Assess Subsynaptic Protein Localization

Beyin Membranı Fraksiyonu: Bir<emEx Vivo</em&gt; Subsınaptik Protein Lokalizasyonunu Değerlendirmede Yaklaşım

Assessing the synaptic protein composition and function constitutes an important challenge in neuroscience. However, it is not easy to evaluate ...

Fractionation for Resolution of Soluble and Insoluble Huntingtin Species

Çözünür ve çözünmez Huntingtin türler çözümlenmesi için ayırma

The accumulation of misfolded proteins is central to pathology in Huntington's disease (HD) and many other neurodegenerative disorders. Specifically, a ...

Detection of Small GTPase Prenylation and GTP Binding Using Membrane Fractionation and  GTPase-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Küçük GTPazlar prenilasyon ve bağlayıcı kullanarak membran ayırma ve GTPazlar bağlı Immunosorbent Assay GTP tespiti

The Rho GTPase family belongs to the Ras superfamily and includes approximately 20 members in humans. Rho GTPases are important in the regulation of ...

Cell Fractionation of U937 Cells in the Absence of High-speed Centrifugation

Yüksek hızlı Santrifüjü yokluğunda U937 hücrelerinin hücre ayırma

In this protocol we detail a method to obtain subcellular fractions of U937 cells without the use of ultracentrifugation or indiscriminate detergents. ...

Identification of Novel CK2 Kinase Substrates Using a Versatile Biochemical Approach

Kimliği roman CK2 kinaz yüzeylerde çok yönlü bir biyokimyasal yaklaşım kullanarak

The study of kinase-substrate relationships is essential to gain a complete understanding of the functions of these enzymes and their downstream targets ...

Identification of Orexin and Endocannabinoid Receptors in Adult Zebrafish Using Immunoperoxidase and Immunofluorescence Methods

Immunoperoksidan ve Immünofluoresesan yöntemlerini kullanarak yetişkin Zebrafisinde Orexin ve Endocannabinoid reseptörlerinin tanımlanması

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a highly sensitive and specific technique involved in the detection of target antigens in tissue sections with labeled ...

Measuring Interactions between Fluorescent Probes and Lignin in Plant Sections by sFLIM Based on Native Autofluorescence

Floresan Problar ve Lignin Bitki Kesitlerinde Doğal Otofloresan Dayalı SFLIM Ile Etkileşimlerinin Ölçülmesi

In lignocellulosic biomass (LB), the activity of enzymes is limited by the appearance of non-specific interactions with lignin during the hydrolysis ...