Name: using 22c3 anti-pd-l1 antibody concentrate on biopsy and cytology samples from non-small cell lung cancer patients
Uploaded: 2018-09-25T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients at JoVE.com

本研究由美国新泽西州凯尼尔沃思默克 & 公司赞助。资助者在研究设计、数据收集和分析、决定出版或编写手稿方面没有任何作用。

所有程序都已通过地方道德委员会 (人类研究道德委员会, 中心 Hospitalier Universitaire 尼斯/Tumorothèque BB-0033-00025) 批准。
注: 本协议是专门调整, 以使用22C3 抗体集中在商业上可用的自动 IHC 着色器 (称为 autostainer 在这里, 见材料表) 的肿瘤活检和细胞学标本。
1. 肿瘤组织标本的制备
<ol><li>将10% 中性缓冲福尔马林 (NBF) 中的肿瘤组织固定在卡带中?...

<ol>
	<li>Garon, E. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pembrolizumab+for+the+treatment+of+non-small-cell+lung+cancer.">Pembrolizumab for the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer.</a> The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (21), 2018-2028 (2015).</li><li>Herbst, R. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pembrolizumab+versus+docetaxel+for+previously+treated,+PD-L1-positive,+advanced+non-small-cell+lung+cancer+(KEYNOTE-010):+a+randomised+controlled+trial.">Pembrolizumab versus docetaxel for previously treated, PD-L1-positive, advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (KEYNOTE-010): a randomised controlled trial.</a> The Lancet. 387 (10027), 1540-1550 (2016).</li><li>Reck, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pembrolizumab+versus+Chemotherapy+for+PD-L1-Positive+Non-Small-Cell+Lung+Cancer.">Pembrolizumab versus Chemotherapy for PD-L1-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</a> The New England Journal of Medicine. 375 (19), 1823-1833 (2016).</li><li>Langer, C. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carboplatin+and+pemetrexed+with+or+without+pembrolizumab+for+advanced,+non-squamous+non-small-cell+lung+cancer:+a+randomised,+phase+2+cohort+of+the+open-label+KEYNOTE-021+study.">Carboplatin and pemetrexed with or without pembrolizumab for advanced, non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomised, phase 2 cohort of the open-label KEYNOTE-021 study.</a> The Lancet Oncology. 17 (11), 1497-1508 (2016).</li><li>Buttner, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Programmed+Death-Ligand+1+Immunohistochemistry+Testing:+A+Review+of+Analytical+Assays+and+Clinical+Implementation+in+Non-Small-Cell+Lung+Cancer.">Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Immunohistochemistry Testing: A Review of Analytical Assays and Clinical Implementation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.</a> Journal of Clinical Oncology. 35 (34), 3867-3876 (2017).</li><li>Folch, E., Costa, D. B., Wright, J., VanderLaan, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lung+cancer+diagnosis+and+staging+in+the+minimally+invasive+age+with+increasing+demands+for+tissue+analysis.">Lung cancer diagnosis and staging in the minimally invasive age with increasing demands for tissue analysis.</a> Translational Lung Cancer Research. 4 (4), 392-403 (2015).</li><li>Padmanabhan, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+Adequacy+of+Small+Biopsy+and+Fine-Needle+Aspiration+Specimens+for+Molecular+Testing+by+Next-Generation+Sequencing+in+Patients+With+Lung+Cancer:+A+Quality+Improvement+Study+at+Dartmouth-Hitchcock+Medical+Center.">Improving Adequacy of Small Biopsy and Fine-Needle Aspiration Specimens for Molecular Testing by Next-Generation Sequencing in Patients With Lung Cancer: A Quality Improvement Study at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center.</a> Archives of Pathology &amp; Laboratory Medicine. 141 (3), 402-409 (2017).</li><li>Tsao, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> IASLC ATLAS of PD-L1 Immunohistochemistry Testing in Lung Cancer. , (2017).</li><li>Thunnissen, E., de Langen, A. J., Smit, E. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PD-L1+IHC+in+NSCLC+with+a+global+and+methodological+perspective.">PD-L1 IHC in NSCLC with a global and methodological perspective.</a> Lung Cancer. , 102-105 (2017).</li><li>Ilie, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+the+22C3+anti-PD-L1+antibody+to+determine+PD-L1+expression+in+multiple+automated+immunohistochemistry+platforms.">Use of the 22C3 anti-PD-L1 antibody to determine PD-L1 expression in multiple automated immunohistochemistry platforms.</a> PLoS One. 12 (8), e0183023 (2017).</li><li>Ilie, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+the+22C3+anti-programmed+death+ligand+1+antibody+to+determine+programmed+death+ligand+1+expression+in+cytology+samples+obtained+from+non-small+cell+lung+cancer+patients.">Use of the 22C3 anti-programmed death ligand 1 antibody to determine programmed death ligand 1 expression in cytology samples obtained from non-small cell lung cancer patients.</a> Cancer Cytopathology. 126 (4), 264-274 (2018).</li><li>Skov, B. G., Skov, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paired+Comparison+of+PD-L1+Expression+on+Cytologic+and+Histologic+Specimens+From+Malignancies+in+the+Lung+Assessed+With+PD-L1+IHC+28-8pharmDx+and+PD-L1+IHC+22C3pharmDx.">Paired Comparison of PD-L1 Expression on Cytologic and Histologic Specimens From Malignancies in the Lung Assessed With PD-L1 IHC 28-8pharmDx and PD-L1 IHC 22C3pharmDx.</a> Applied Immunohistochemistry &amp; Molecular Morphology. 25 (7), 453-459 (2017).</li><li>Russell-Goldman, E., Kravets, S., Dahlberg, S. E., Sholl, L. M., Vivero, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytologic-histologic+correlation+of+programmed+death-ligand+1+immunohistochemistry+in+lung+carcinomas.">Cytologic-histologic correlation of programmed death-ligand 1 immunohistochemistry in lung carcinomas.</a> Cancer Cytopathology. 126 (4), 253-263 (2018).</li><li>Heymann, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PD-L1+expression+in+non-small+cell+lung+carcinoma:+Comparison+among+cytology,+small+biopsy,+and+surgical+resection+specimens.">PD-L1 expression in non-small cell lung carcinoma: Comparison among cytology, small biopsy, and surgical resection specimens.</a> Cancer Cytopathology. 125 (12), 896-907 (2017).</li><li>Stoy, S. P., Rosen, L., Mueller, J., Murgu, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Programmed+death-ligand+1+testing+of+lung+cancer+cytology+specimens+obtained+with+bronchoscopy.">Programmed death-ligand 1 testing of lung cancer cytology specimens obtained with bronchoscopy.</a> Cancer Cytopathology. 126 (2), 122-128 (2018).</li><li>Ilie, M., Hofman, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reproducibility+of+PD-L1+assessment+in+non-small+cell+lung+cancer-know+your+limits+but+never+stop+trying+to+exceed+them.">Reproducibility of PD-L1 assessment in non-small cell lung cancer-know your limits but never stop trying to exceed them.</a> Translational Lung Cancer Research. 6 (Suppl 1), S51-S54 (2017).</li></ol>

我们通过与相应的临床验证的商业试验10、11进行比较, 验证了使用 22C3 PD-L1 抗体精矿进行优化的 LDT。22C3 集中抗体为基础的 LDT 在活检 (~ 100%) 和细胞学 (~ 95%) 标本之间的一致性高, 与 PD-L1 tps 和 IHC tps 切割点22C3 ≥1% 试验确定的 PD-L1 IHC 表达式比较。正如国际肺癌研究协会最近建议的那样, PD-L1 阳性区域应相同, 大约 10 PD-L1 阴性样本, 10 PD-L1 阳性样本, 20 个...

最近的临床试验证明 pembrolizumab 是一种人性化的单克隆 IgG4 同种抗体, 它阻断了程序性细胞死亡 1 (PD-1) 及其配体、PD-L1 和 PD-L2 之间的相互作用, 在治疗患者中先进的 NSCLC1,2,3,4。
目前, pembrolizumab 被批准用于治疗 PD-L1-expressing 非细胞肺癌的治疗-天真的患者 PD-L1 表达 TPS 的≥50% 和没有表皮生长因子受体 (EGFR) 或变性淋巴瘤激酶 () 基因组肿瘤畸变3对以前治疗过的病人用 PD-L1 TPS 的≥1%1。
PD-L1 蛋白表达 IHC 被广泛应用于 anti-PD-1/PD-L1 治疗的预测生物标志物检测。在 pembrolizumab 临床试验中, 使用 PD-L1 IHC 22C3 辅助试验5测定了用福尔马林固定石蜡嵌入 (FFPE) 组织样品获得的 PD-L1 TPS。这项化验已获美国食品及药物管理局 (FDA) 批准, 并已在欧洲 CE 标记, 以确定肿瘤 PD-L1 TPS5。
各机构为可靠和高质量地评估 PD-L1 TPS 与使用22C3 抗体浓缩物的 LDTs 提供了更多的全球选择, 这对于支持有关患者资格的临床决定是必不可少的 pembrolizumab治疗。大量病理学实验室无法获得伴侣诊断 PD-L1 IHC 22C3 检测。因此, 开发可靠和一致的 LDTs 兼容其他, 广泛可用的 IHC autostainer 平台是必不可少的。
此外, 有必要建立 LDTs 使用细胞学标本, 是唯一的标本类型经常可用的 NSCLC 患者。PD-L1 IHC 22C3 伴侣检测是验证切除, 核心针活检, bronchoscopies 只有当支气管镜产生100肿瘤细胞。虽然这些样本类型经常获得, 细胞学样本更容易收集, 是最常见的样本类型在一些机构6,7。然而, 目前尚无经证实的诊断化验方法可用于评价细胞学标本中的 PD-L1 表达;与细胞学样品兼容的可靠 LDTs 将进一步促进高质量的 PD-L1 测试。
此外, 在建立 LDT 的临床验证时, IHC 应与相应的临床验证的商业试验8进行类似的操作。例如, 应该验证几个关键步骤, 以获得相同的信号序列部分, 如抗体滴定, 预处理延迟, 孵化时间, 和放大系统9。
我们最近开发了一个优化 LDT, 使用22C3 抗体精矿评价 PD-L1 表达的肿瘤活检和细胞学标本10,11。我们发现与 LDT 的高一致性与 "金标准" PD-L1 IHC 22C3 测定10,11。此临床验证的协议将支持全球范围内可靠、高质量的 PD-L1 测试。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>NovaPrep HQ1</td>
			<td>Novacyt</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>Preservative solution for cytology specimens</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Novaprep&#174; HQ+ B</td>
			<td>Novacyt</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>Mucolytic solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-Tek VIP 6</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>6042 VIP 6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-Tek TEC 5 Tissue Embedding Console System</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>5229 TEC 5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>microscope glass slide SuperFrost Plus</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4951PLUS4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DL-Dithiothreitol powder</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D3801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heidolph Multi Reax Vortex Shaker</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-889-410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shandon Cytoblock</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>7401150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>22C3 anti-PD-L1 concentrate antibody</td>
			<td>Agilent Dako</td>
			<td>#M365329</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx</td>
			<td>Agilent Dako</td>
			<td>SK006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Autostainer Link 48</td>
			<td>Agilent Dako</td>
			<td>AS480</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BenchMark ULTRA autostainer</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#750-600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiView HQ Universal Linker</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#760-700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiView HRP Multimer</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#760-700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiView Amplification H2O2</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#760-099</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiView Amplifier</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#760-099</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiView Amplification Multimer</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#760-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiView DAB</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#760-700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiView Copper</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#760-700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin II</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#790-2208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bluing Reagent</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#760-2037</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Conditioning 1 (CC1)</td>
			<td>Ventana</td>
			<td>#950-124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-Tek Film Coverslipper</td>
			<td>Sakura</td>
			<td>4742</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using 22c3 anti-pd-l1 antibody concentrate on biopsy and cytology samples from non-small cell lung cancer patients

Pembrolizumab 单药疗法已被批准为一线和二线治疗 PD-L1-expressing 晚期非小细胞肺癌 (NSCLC) 患者。用 PD-L1 免疫组化 (IHC) 22C3 伴侣诊断法 (PD-L1) 对肿瘤组织进行了实验验证。我们开发了一个优化的实验室开发的测试 (LDT), 使用22C3 抗体 (Ab) 集中在广泛可用的 IHC autostainer 活检和细胞学标本。对 PD-L1 TPS 进行了120配对全肿瘤组织切片和活检标本, 并与70配对活检和细胞学标本 (支气管洗涤, n = 40; 胸腔积液, n = 30)。22C3 Ab 精矿为基础的 LDT 表明, 活检 (~ 100%) 和细胞学 (~ 95%) 标本之间的高协调率, 与 PD-L1 IHC 表达式确定使用 PD-L1 IHC 22C3 同伴化验在两个 TPS 切割点 (≥1%, ≥50%)。在这里提出的优化 LDT, 利用 22C3 Ab 精矿来确定在肿瘤组织和细胞学标本中的 PD-L1 表达, 将扩大全球实验室的能力, 以评估肺癌患者的资格, 以治疗与pembrolizumab 以可靠和可重现的方式进行单一疗法。

使用此处介绍的过程, 如本组最近出版物10、11中详细描述的那样, 优化后的 LDT 经临床验证, 120 份档案 FFPE 细胞肺癌患者经手术治疗后活检标本在巴斯德大学医院切除或活检, 尼斯, 在2007年3月和2016年3月之间。此外, 为了评价细胞学样品的 PD-L1 表达, TPS 在70配对组织活检样品和细胞块, 由支气管洗涤 (n = 40) 或胸腔积液 (n</...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients at JoVE.com

Using 22C3 Anti-PD-L1 Antibody Concentrate on Biopsy and Cytology Samples from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

22C3 Anti-PD-L1 抗体精矿在非小细胞肺癌活检及细胞学标本中的应用

为了扩大全世界实验室的能力, 以可靠和可重复的方式评估肺癌患者接受 pembrolizumab 治疗的资格, 我们开发了一种使用22C3 抗体集中于广泛应用的检测方法。免疫组化 autostainer, 用于活检和细胞学标本。

Pembrolizumab monotherapy has been approved for the first- and second-line treatment of patients with PD-L1-expressing advanced non-small cell lung cancer ...

该方法使用22C3抗体浓缩物确定肿瘤组织和细胞学标本中的PD-L1表达，将扩大实验室以可靠和可重复的方式评估非小细胞肺癌患者选择进行免疫治疗的能力。该技术的主要优点是，它高度符合金标准测定，并将支持可靠、高质量的PD-L1测试。一般来说，由于偶尔观察到的颗粒染色，新采用这种方法的病理学家会挣扎。此外，人体细胞的染色比金本位观察的要强烈一些。因此，对于使用 22C3 LDT 正确解释 PD-L1 染色，必须培养病理学家。演示程序将是夫人玛拉梅·哈米拉，我实验室的技术员首先，将肿瘤组织固定成盒式磁带中10%中性缓冲的甲醛，并将盒式磁带嵌入石蜡中，如文本协议中所述。将渗入的组织嵌入充满熔融石蜡的模具中。让组织留在模具中，直到石蜡凝固。在此之后，使用微原子将石蜡嵌入的组织分部为三微米。将石蜡带转移到带正电的玻璃显微镜幻灯片上。然后，在37摄氏度下将滑梯干燥一小时。首先，在防腐剂溶液中收集支气管洗涤剂。将洗涤液转移到 50 毫升锥形管中。加入两克DL-Dithiothreitol，在管中旋30分钟，然后在室温下以250倍g离心5分钟。取出上一液，加入10毫升的粘液溶液。以中等速度摇动样品 20 分钟，在室温下以 250 次 g 离心 5 分钟。在此之后，取出上流剂，将细胞颗粒沉积到含有10%中性缓冲甲素的收集管中。添加四滴单元格块准备代理。将细胞颗粒转移到盒式磁带上。使用前面描述的制备肿瘤组织样本的过程，修复石蜡嵌入和切块的细胞颗粒。首先，打开自动机和计算机的电源。双击自动污染者图标并选择用户。单击"创建标签"，然后单击"协议"。双击 22C3 协议。填写患者的 ID 并单击"打印"。在此之后，将标签贴在幻灯片上。按所选幻灯片抽屉上的按钮将其打开，然后将标有的幻灯片放在热垫上，标签朝上朝向。关闭幻灯片抽屉。接下来，从分配器上取下盖。将试剂加载到试剂架上。打开染色器的发动机罩，将试剂架放在试剂旋转木马上，确保它们正确安装并保持到位，然后关闭护罩。在软件中，单击将使用的仪器，然后单击"运行"。在 IHC 程序结束时，使用自来水和一滴清洁溶液冲洗幻灯片几秒钟。通过按顺序将幻灯片浸入两个乙醇浴中几秒钟，将幻灯片放入盖板机中以自动加载盖滑，使幻灯片脱水。要开始评估PD-L1染色的质量，在检查患者标本之前分析阳性和阴性对控。使用显微镜确认是否存在至少100个可行的肿瘤细胞。在4倍的低放大率下，评估所有保存完好的阳性和阴性肿瘤区域。之后，通过评估PD-L1阳性肿瘤细胞相对于保存良好的肿瘤区域的所有肿瘤细胞的比例，对部分或完整的细胞膜染色进行评分并计算肿瘤比例分数。在这项研究中，肿瘤比例评分或TPS被评估在从支气管洗或胸膜输液准备的细胞块配对组织活检样本。具有活检样本的代表性染色模式用于将 22C3 抗体浓缩物与 PD-L1 IHC 22C3 配套测定进行比较。类内相关系数用于测量 TPS 分数作为连续变量的相关性，LDT 和金标准之间的相关性为 99%。具有细胞学样本的代表性染色模式也用于比较 22C3 抗体浓缩物与 PD-L1 IHC 22C3 配套测定。使用 TPS 切割点时，活检和细胞学样本与 LDT 的一致性率大于 95%。使用 TPS 作为连续变量时，类内相关系数介于 0.88 和 0.90 之间。一旦掌握，该技术在评估组织和细胞学标本的积极性或肿瘤组织学的截止时，具有与黄金标准的高一致性率。在尝试此程序时，重要的是要记住，样本必须参照 HE 幻灯片进行评估，在某些困难情况下，可以执行补充污渍来评估免疫细胞，以排除仅对肿瘤细胞中 PD-L1 表达的误解。按照这个程序，可以评估其他标本，如细针活检，EUS-FNA或支气管刷。在诊所设立后，需要通过寻求认证、遵循标准操作程序以及定期参加外部质量评估计划来保持检测的稳健性。观看此视频后，您应该对如何使用 22C3 抗 PD-L1 抗体实现优化协议有一个良好的理解，该抗体集中在一种广泛可用的 IHC 自动标记器上，包括非小细胞肺癌患者的活检和细胞学样本。

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Lung Tumor Cell Recruitment Assay

肺肿瘤细胞招募分析

To investigate the molecular mechanisms governing tumor metastasis, various assays using the mouse as a model animal have been proposed. Here, we ...

科研

癌症研究

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier (MSC) for Lung Cancer Screening

MicroRNA Based Liquid Biopsy: The Experience of the Plasma miRNA Signature Classifier MSC for Lung Cancer Screening

基于 rna 的液体活检: 血浆 miRNA 特征分类器 (MSC) 在肺癌筛查中的经验

The development of a minimally invasive test, such as liquid biopsy, for early lung cancer detection in its preclinical phase is crucial to improve the ...

Simple and Rapid Method to Obtain High-quality Tumor DNA from Clinical-pathological Specimens Using Touch Imprint Cytology

用触印细胞学方法快速获得临床病理标本中高质量肿瘤 DNA

It is critical to determine the mutational status in cancer before administration and treatment of specific molecular targeted drugs for cancer patients. ...

Elastic Staining on Paraffin-embedded Slides of pT3N0M0 Gastric Cancer Tissue

pT3N0M0 胃癌组织石蜡嵌入幻灯片上的弹性染色

The elastic lamina, which is usually located in the sub-mesothelial layer, adjacent to the peritoneum mesothelial cells, is amphiphilic on hematoxylin and ...

Analysis of Cancer Cell Invasion and Anti-metastatic Drug Screening Using Hydrogel Micro-chamber Array (HMCA)-based Plates

Analysis of Cancer Cell Invasion and Anti-metastatic Drug Screening Using Hydrogel Micro-chamber Array HMCA-based Plates

用水凝胶微室阵列 (HMCA) 板进行肿瘤细胞侵袭和抗转移药物筛选的分析

Cancer metastasis is known to cause 90% of cancer lethality. Metastasis is a multistage process which initiates with the penetration/invasion of tumor ...

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Isolation from Pulp Tissue and Co-Culture with Cancer Cells to Study Their Interactions

骨髓间充质干细胞在浆组织中的分离及与癌细胞联合培养研究其相互作用

Cancer as a multistep process and complicated disease is not only regulated by individual cell proliferation and growth but also controlled by tumor ...

Semi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence

免疫荧光对非小细胞肺癌患者循环肿瘤细胞的半自动PD-L1特征化及枚举

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) derived from the primary tumor are shed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. These rare cells (1&#8722;10 cells per mL ...

Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines

肺癌细胞系中癌症干细胞的放射敏感性

The presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has been associated with relapse or poor outcomes after radiotherapy. Studying radioresistant CSCs may provide ...

Detection of Cell-Free DNA in Blood Plasma Samples of Cancer Patients

癌症患者血浆样本中无细胞DNA检测

Identifying mutations in tumors of cancer patients is a very important step in disease management. These mutations serve as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis ...

Isolation and Functional Assessment of Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells from Cell and Tissue Samples

从细胞和组织样本中分离和功能评估人类乳腺癌干细胞

Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are cancer cells with inherited or acquired stem cell-like characteristics. Despite their low frequency, they are major ...