Name: characterization of mlkl-mediated plasma membrane rupture in necroptosis
Uploaded: 2018-08-07T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis at JoVE.com

1. klonen en cel lijn generatie
<ol><li>PCR versterken de NBB-regio, overeenkomt met aminozuurresidu's 1-140 (NBB140), van menselijke MLKL cDNA voor frame standaard restrictie-enzym-gebaseerde klonen met de oligomerisatie-x FK506 domein 2 als bindend-proteïne (2xFKBP of 2xFV) en Venus TL eiwit in de Doxycycline (Dox) - afleidbare retrovirale vector pRetroX-TRE3G te verkrijgen van de NBB140- 2xFV-Venus (tabel 1, figuren 1A-B).</li>
	<li>Vereeuwigen van primaire mlkl-...

<ol>
	<li>Weinlich, R., Oberst, A., Beere, H. M., Green, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+in+development,+inflammation+and+disease.">Necroptosis in development, inflammation and disease.</a> Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 18 (2), 127-136 (2017).</li><li>Kaiser, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIP3+mediates+the+embryonic+lethality+of+caspase-8-deficient+mice.">RIP3 mediates the embryonic lethality of caspase-8-deficient mice.</a> Nature. 471 (7338), 368-372 (2011).</li><li>Murphy, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pseudokinase+MLKL+mediates+necroptosis+via+a+molecular+switch+mechanism.">The pseudokinase MLKL mediates necroptosis via a molecular switch mechanism.</a> Immunity. 39 (3), 443-453 (2013).</li><li>Oberst, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalytic+activity+of+the+caspase-8-FLIP(L)+complex+inhibits+RIPK3-dependent+necrosis.">Catalytic activity of the caspase-8-FLIP(L) complex inhibits RIPK3-dependent necrosis.</a> Nature. 471 (7338), 363-367 (2011).</li><li>Zhang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+complementation+between+FADD+and+RIP1+in+embryos+and+lymphocytes.">Functional complementation between FADD and RIP1 in embryos and lymphocytes.</a> Nature. 471 (7338), 373-376 (2011).</li><li>He, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Receptor+interacting+protein+kinase-3+determines+cellular+necrotic+response+to+TNF-alpha.">Receptor interacting protein kinase-3 determines cellular necrotic response to TNF-alpha.</a> Cell. 137 (6), 1100-1111 (2009).</li><li>Dondelinger, Y., Hulpiau, P., Saeys, Y., Bertrand, M. J. M., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+evolutionary+perspective+on+the+necroptotic+pathway.">An evolutionary perspective on the necroptotic pathway.</a> Trends in Cell Biology. 26 (10), 721-732 (2016).</li><li>Newton, K., Manning, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+and+Inflammation.">Necroptosis and Inflammation.</a> Annual Review of Biochemistry. 85, 743-763 (2016).</li><li>Kaiser, W. J., Upton, J. W., Mocarski, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viral+modulation+of+programmed+necrosis.">Viral modulation of programmed necrosis.</a> Current Opinion in Virology. 3 (3), 296-306 (2013).</li><li>Newton, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIPK3+deficiency+or+catalytically+inactive+RIPK1+provides+greater+benefit+than+MLKL+deficiency+in+mouse+models+of+inflammation+and+tissue+injury.">RIPK3 deficiency or catalytically inactive RIPK1 provides greater benefit than MLKL deficiency in mouse models of inflammation and tissue injury.</a> Cell Death &amp; Differentiation. 23 (9), 1565-1576 (2016).</li><li>Kearney, C. J., Martin, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Inflammatory+Perspective+on+Necroptosis.">An Inflammatory Perspective on Necroptosis.</a> Molecular Cell. 65 (6), 965-973 (2017).</li><li>Pasparakis, M., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+and+its+role+in+inflammation.">Necroptosis and its role in inflammation.</a> Nature. 517 (7534), 311-320 (2015).</li><li>Sun, L., Wang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+kind+of+cell+suicide:+mechanisms+and+functions+of+programmed+necrosis.">A new kind of cell suicide: mechanisms and functions of programmed necrosis.</a> Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 39 (12), 587-593 (2014).</li><li>Grootjans, S., Vanden Berghe, T., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initiation+and+execution+mechanisms+of+necroptosis:+an+overview.">Initiation and execution mechanisms of necroptosis: an overview.</a> Cell Death &amp; Differentiation. 24 (7), 1184-1195 (2017).</li><li>Sun, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mixed+lineage+kinase+domain-like+protein+mediates+necrosis+signaling+downstream+of+RIP3+kinase.">Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase.</a> Cell. 148 (1-2), 213-227 (2012).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mixed+lineage+kinase+domain-like+protein+MLKL+causes+necrotic+membrane+disruption+upon+phosphorylation+by+RIP3.">Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein MLKL causes necrotic membrane disruption upon phosphorylation by RIP3.</a> Molecular Cell. 54 (1), 133-146 (2014).</li><li>Cai, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+membrane+translocation+of+trimerized+MLKL+protein+is+required+for+TNF-induced+necroptosis.">Plasma membrane translocation of trimerized MLKL protein is required for TNF-induced necroptosis.</a> Nature Cell Biology. 16 (1), 55-65 (2014).</li><li>Chen, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translocation+of+mixed+lineage+kinase+domain-like+protein+to+plasma+membrane+leads+to+necrotic+cell+death.">Translocation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein to plasma membrane leads to necrotic cell death.</a> Cell Research. 24 (1), 105-121 (2014).</li><li>Dillon, C. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIPK1+blocks+early+postnatal+lethality+mediated+by+caspase-8+and+RIPK3.">RIPK1 blocks early postnatal lethality mediated by caspase-8 and RIPK3.</a> Cell. 157 (5), 1189-1202 (2014).</li><li>Rickard, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIPK1+regulates+RIPK3-MLKL-driven+systemic+inflammation+and+emergency+hematopoiesis.">RIPK1 regulates RIPK3-MLKL-driven systemic inflammation and emergency hematopoiesis.</a> Cell. 157 (5), 1175-1188 (2014).</li><li>Kaiser, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toll-like+receptor+3-mediated+necrosis+via+TRIF,+RIP3,+and+MLKL.">Toll-like receptor 3-mediated necrosis via TRIF, RIP3, and MLKL.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (43), 31268-31279 (2013).</li><li>Upton, J. W., Kaiser, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DAI+Another+Way:+Necroptotic+Control+of+Viral+Infection.">DAI Another Way: Necroptotic Control of Viral Infection.</a> Cell Host &amp; Microbe. 21 (3), 290-293 (2017).</li><li>Tanzer, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+signalling+is+tuned+by+phosphorylation+of+MLKL+residues+outside+the+pseudokinase+domain+activation+loop.">Necroptosis signalling is tuned by phosphorylation of MLKL residues outside the pseudokinase domain activation loop.</a> Biochemical Journal. 471 (2), 255-265 (2015).</li><li>Quarato, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+Engagement+of+Distinct+MLKL+Phosphatidylinositol-Binding+Sites+Executes+Necroptosis.">Sequential Engagement of Distinct MLKL Phosphatidylinositol-Binding Sites Executes Necroptosis.</a> Molecular Cell. 61 (4), 589-601 (2016).</li><li>Davies, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+brace+helices+of+MLKL+mediate+interdomain+communication+and+oligomerisation+to+regulate+cell+death+by+necroptosis.">The brace helices of MLKL mediate interdomain communication and oligomerisation to regulate cell death by necroptosis.</a> Cell Death &amp; Differentiation. , (2018).</li><li>Su, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+plug+release+mechanism+for+membrane+permeation+by+MLKL.">A plug release mechanism for membrane permeation by MLKL.</a> Structure. 22 (10), 1489-1500 (2014).</li><li>Dondelinger, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MLKL+compromises+plasma+membrane+integrity+by+binding+to+phosphatidylinositol+phosphates.">MLKL compromises plasma membrane integrity by binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates.</a> Cell Reports. 7 (4), 971-981 (2014).</li><li>Llambi, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BOK+Is+a+Non-canonical+BCL-2+Family+Effector+of+Apoptosis+Regulated+by+ER-Associated+Degradation.">BOK Is a Non-canonical BCL-2 Family Effector of Apoptosis Regulated by ER-Associated Degradation.</a> Cell. 165 (2), 421-433 (2016).</li><li>Malkani, N., Schmid, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Some+secrets+of+fluorescent+proteins:+distinct+bleaching+in+various+mounting+fluids+and+photoactivation+of+cyan+fluorescent+proteins+at+YFP-excitation.">Some secrets of fluorescent proteins: distinct bleaching in various mounting fluids and photoactivation of cyan fluorescent proteins at YFP-excitation.</a> PLoS One. 6 (4), 18586 (2011).</li><li>Perez, A. 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Wij bieden protocollen voor technieken die wij samengevoegd tot de betrokken MLKL als de vermeende beul van plasmamembraan breuk24. Naast het ontcijferen van de regelgevende netwerk dat MLKL-gemedieerde necroptosis regelt, kunnen deze technieken onafhankelijk worden gebruikt te karakteriseren van andere passende biologische systemen. Praktisch gesproken, zijn deze technieken middellange - tot laag-throughput diagnosetools.
We hebben regelmatig live-cel beeldvorming van ...

Identificeren van genetische componenten van necroptosis heeft vergemakkelijkt het gebruik van dierlijke modellen voor het testen van de implicaties van necroptosis in fysiologie en ziekte1,2,3,4,5. Knock-out van RIPK3 of MLKL in muizen had minimale implicatie in ontwikkeling en volwassene homeostase suggereert dat necroptosis is niet essentieel voor leven3,6. Sommige soorten bevatten bovendien geen RIPK3 of MLKL genen, ter ondersteuning van de niet-essentiële rol van necroptosis in dieren7,8. Aan de andere kant, is knock-out diermodellen uitdagend met diverse ziektebeelden geïnduceerd in het laboratorium gebleken dat een belangrijke rol van necroptosis in de ontsteking, aangeboren immuniteit en virale infectie9,10, 11 , 12.
Necroptosis kan op verschillende manieren worden geactiveerd door signalering door middel van verschillende aangeboren immuniteit sensoren, al die resulteren in de activering van RIPK31,13,14. Actieve RIPK3 op zijn beurt kinaseenzym en activeert MLKL3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 ,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18. De meest bestudeerde en wellicht de meest complexe manier, die leiden tot activering van RIPK3 gaat dood receptor afbinding, die bifurcates op basis van de stroomafwaartse samenstelling van de signalering complexen ofwel ertoe apoptosis of necroptosis1. Necroptosis ontstaat wanneer signalering via RIPK1 is favoriet en in de betrokkenheid van RIPK319,20 resulteert. Dit resultaat is gemakkelijk favoriet bij farmacologische remming of genetische schrapping van caspase 8, een vermeende endogene inhibitor van necroptosis die houdt van necroptosis in het bay. RIPK1 bindt aan en RIPK3 activeert. Een andere manier om te activeren necroptosis is door middel van Toll-like receptoren TLR3/TLR4 signalering, die zich bezighoudt en activeert RIPK3 via TIR-domein-bevattende adapter-inducerende interferon-β (TRIF)21. Nog is een andere manier om te sterven door necroptosis door activering van de DNA-sensor DAI, die direct bezighoudt en activeert RIPK322.
MLKL is een cytosolische eiwit bestaat uit een N-terminal helix bundel (NB)-domein en een C-terminal pseudokinase domein (psKD) door een regelgevende brace regio3met elkaar verbonden. In normale cellen, MLKL gevonden in het cytosol waar het wordt beschouwd als in een inactieve complex met RIPK314. Activering van necroptosis activeert fosforylering van de RIPK3 van MLKL in de lus van de activering van de psKD, en potentieel extra sites in de NB en brace3,15,23. Fosforylering induceert een conformationele verandering in MLKL waardoor de dissociatie van RIPK314. Slecht begrepen conformationele wijzigingen laat de brace uit de psKD24. De brace, die 2 helices bevat, bemiddelt oligomerisatie van MLKL in een vermeende trimeer via de C-terminal helix25. De helix van de N-terminal van de brace remt het domein NB, hetgeen essentieel om membraan permeabilization24,26 is. In isolatie is NB domein voldoende voor het opwekken van plasmamembraan permeabilization en necroptosis16,24,27. De activiteit van de pro-necroptotic voor NB was gereconstitueerd in muis embryonale fibroblasten tekort aan MLKL (mlkl- / - MEFs). NB is een lipide-bindend domein dat netcongestieproblemen de fosfolipide phosphatidylinositol 4,5 (III) difosfaat (PIP2 bezighoudt). Wij hebben voorgesteld een stapsgewijze mechanisme van activering van MLKL, waarin de brace oligomerisatie aanwerving van MLKL naar het plasmamembraan via zwakke interacties voor NB met de PIP2 polar hoofd groep24vergemakkelijkt. Op het membraan ondergaat de NB gereglementeerde blootstelling van een extra hoge-affiniteit bindende site voor PIP2, waarin wordt gemaskeerd door de brace in inactieve MLKL. Over het geheel genomen destabiliseren de meerdere interacties van NB met PIP2 het plasmamembraan leidt tot haar breuk, hoewel het moleculaire mechanisme van deze gebeurtenissen hebben niet is opgehelderd.
We illustreren hier specifieke methoden gebruikt voor het karakteriseren van de functie van MLKL als beul van necroptosis24. In het bijzonder richten we ons op de meest minimale domein van MLKL, de NB en brace (NBB), die wordt gereguleerd door remming van de brace en kan worden geactiveerd door middel van gedwongen dimerisatie ertoe plasmamembraan breuk en necroptosis. Wij beschrijven onze afleidbare expressie systeem gecombineerd met gedwongen drug-geïnduceerde FKBP-gemedieerde dimerisatie voor live-cel beeldvorming, en elektronenmicroscopie van cellen necroptosis ondergaan. Bovendien, illustreren we onze in vitro NMR-analyse van de interacties van de NBB met phosphatidylinositols (pitten).

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:429px;">Cloning and cell line generation</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
			<td style="width:323px;"></td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pRetroX-TRE3G</td>
			<td>Clontech</td>
			<td>631188</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tet-On transactivator plasmid</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Llambi et al., 2016</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) mlkl-/-</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dillon et al., 2014</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blasticidin S Hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP2647100 CAS#3513-03-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cell death quantification and live-cell microscopy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Doxycycline</td>
			<td>Clontech</td>
			<td>631311 CAS# 24390-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">B/B Homodimerizer AP20187</td>
			<td>Takara</td>
			<td>635059 CAS# 195514-80-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SYTOX Green</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S7020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syto16</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S7578</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NMR</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15N Ammonium Chloride</td>
			<td>Cambridge Isotope Laboratories</td>
			<td>NLM-467-10 CAS# 12125-02-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deuterated DTT</td>
			<td>Cambridge Isotope Laboratories</td>
			<td>DLM-2622-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deuterium Oxide</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>617385-1 CAS# 7789-20-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">n-Dodecyl-&#946;-D-Maltopyranoside</td>
			<td>Anatrace</td>
			<td>D310 CAS# 69227-93-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-&#945;-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (Brain, Porcine) (ammonium salt)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>840046X CAS# 383907-42-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol (ammonium salt) (18:0 PI)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>850143 CAS# 849412-67-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1&#39;-myo-inositol) (ammonium salt) (18:1)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>850149 CAS# 799268-53-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Specialized Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IncuCyte FLR or ZOOM</td>
			<td>Essen BioScience, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Live-cell microscopy imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Helios NanoLab 660 DualBeam&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Electron microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IncuCyte 2011A Rev2 v20111.3.4288 (FLR)</td>
			<td>Essen BioScience, Inc.</td>
			<td>http://www.essenbioscience.com</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Imaging analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FEI MAPS</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>https://www.fei.com/software/maps/</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">EM analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TopSpin v3.2</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin</td>
			<td>http://www.bruker.com</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">NMR data collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CARA v1.9.1.7</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>http://cara.nmr.ch/&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">NMR data analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:429px;">Slidebook</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">3i (Intelligent Imaging Innovations)</td>
			<td style="width:323px;">https://www.intelligent-imaging.com/slidebook</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Confocal microscopy</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

characterization of mlkl-mediated plasma membrane rupture in necroptosis

Necroptosis is een geprogrammeerde cel dood traject geactiveerd door activering van receptor interactie proteïne kinase 3 (RIPK3), die kinaseenzym en activeert de gemengde afkomst kinase-achtige domein pseudokinase, MLKL, scheuren of permeabilize van het plasma-membraan . Necroptosis is een inflammatoire traject gekoppeld aan meerdere aandoeningen waaronder autoimmuniteit, infectieziekten en cardiovasculaire ziekten, beroerte, neurodegeneratie en kanker. Hier beschrijven we protocollen die kunnen worden gebruikt voor het karakteriseren van MLKL als de beul van plasmamembraan breuk in necroptosis. Wij visualiseren van het proces van necroptosis in cellen met behulp van live-cel beeldbewerking met fluorescentie van conventionele en confocal microscopie en in vaste cellen met behulp van elektronenmicroscopie, die samen de herverdeling van de MLKL van het cytosol aan het plasma geopenbaard membraan voor inductie van grote gaten in het plasma-membraan. We presenteren in vitro nucleaire magnetische resonantie (NMR) analyse met behulp van lipiden te identificeren van vermeende modulatoren van MLKL-gemedieerde necroptosis. Op basis van deze methode, wij kwantitatieve lipide-bindende voorkeuren en fosfatidyl-inositol fosfaten (pitten) aangewezen als kritische bindmiddelen van MLKL die nodig voor het plasmamembraan targeting en permeabilization in necroptosis zijn.

Visualiseren van gereglementeerde necroptosis uitvoering in levende cellen is mogelijk door middel van afleidbare expressie voor een minimale afgeknotte MLKL construct, NBB140-2xFV-Venus. Deze constructie de capaciteit voor het opwekken van plasmamembraan permeabilization onderhoudt en wordt geactiveerd door middel van de Dim-geïnduceerde oligomerisatie van de cassette FKBP (2xFV). We observeren en kwantificeren van necroptosis door live-cel microscopie imaging, monitoring kin...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis at JoVE.com

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis

Wij rapporteren methoden voor karakterisering van MLKL-gemedieerde plasmamembraan breuk in necroptosis met inbegrip van conventionele en confocal microscopie van live-cel imaging, scanning elektronen microscopie, en NMR gebaseerde lipide bindend.

Karakterisatie van MLKL-gemedieerde plasmamembraan Rupture in Necroptosis

Necroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway triggered by activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), which phosphorylates and ...

Research

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Biology

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Het in kaart brengen moleculaire diffusie in het plasmamembraan door Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)

Our goal is to obtain a comprehensive description of molecular processes occurring at cellular membranes in different biological functions. We aim at ...

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Imaging Plasma Membrane Deformations With pTIRFM

Imaging Plasma Membraan Vervormingen Met pTIRFM

To gain novel insights into the dynamics of exocytosis, our group focuses on the changes in lipid bilayer shape that must be precisely regulated during ...

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Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Functionele karakterisatie van Na<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; / H<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Warmtewisselaars van intracellulaire compartimenten met Proton-doden Selectie om ze te uiten op het plasmamembraan

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