Name: characterization of mlkl-mediated plasma membrane rupture in necroptosis
Uploaded: 2018-08-07T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis at JoVE.com

1. kloning og celle linje generasjon
<ol><li>PCR forsterke NBB regionen, tilsvarende aminosyre rester 1-140 (NBB140), fra menneskelig MLKL cDNA for i rammen standard begrensning enzym-basert kloning med oligomerization domene 2 x FK506 binding protein (2xFKBP eller 2xFV) og Venus lysstoffrør protein i Doxycycline (Dox) - induserbart retroviral vektor pRetroX-TRE3G å få NBB140- 2xFV-Venus (tabell 1, tall 1A-B).</li>
	<li>Forevige primære mlkl- /- eller r...

<ol>
	<li>Weinlich, R., Oberst, A., Beere, H. M., Green, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+in+development,+inflammation+and+disease.">Necroptosis in development, inflammation and disease.</a> Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 18 (2), 127-136 (2017).</li><li>Kaiser, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIP3+mediates+the+embryonic+lethality+of+caspase-8-deficient+mice.">RIP3 mediates the embryonic lethality of caspase-8-deficient mice.</a> Nature. 471 (7338), 368-372 (2011).</li><li>Murphy, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pseudokinase+MLKL+mediates+necroptosis+via+a+molecular+switch+mechanism.">The pseudokinase MLKL mediates necroptosis via a molecular switch mechanism.</a> Immunity. 39 (3), 443-453 (2013).</li><li>Oberst, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalytic+activity+of+the+caspase-8-FLIP(L)+complex+inhibits+RIPK3-dependent+necrosis.">Catalytic activity of the caspase-8-FLIP(L) complex inhibits RIPK3-dependent necrosis.</a> Nature. 471 (7338), 363-367 (2011).</li><li>Zhang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+complementation+between+FADD+and+RIP1+in+embryos+and+lymphocytes.">Functional complementation between FADD and RIP1 in embryos and lymphocytes.</a> Nature. 471 (7338), 373-376 (2011).</li><li>He, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Receptor+interacting+protein+kinase-3+determines+cellular+necrotic+response+to+TNF-alpha.">Receptor interacting protein kinase-3 determines cellular necrotic response to TNF-alpha.</a> Cell. 137 (6), 1100-1111 (2009).</li><li>Dondelinger, Y., Hulpiau, P., Saeys, Y., Bertrand, M. J. M., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+evolutionary+perspective+on+the+necroptotic+pathway.">An evolutionary perspective on the necroptotic pathway.</a> Trends in Cell Biology. 26 (10), 721-732 (2016).</li><li>Newton, K., Manning, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+and+Inflammation.">Necroptosis and Inflammation.</a> Annual Review of Biochemistry. 85, 743-763 (2016).</li><li>Kaiser, W. J., Upton, J. W., Mocarski, E. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Inflammatory+Perspective+on+Necroptosis.">An Inflammatory Perspective on Necroptosis.</a> Molecular Cell. 65 (6), 965-973 (2017).</li><li>Pasparakis, M., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+and+its+role+in+inflammation.">Necroptosis and its role in inflammation.</a> Nature. 517 (7534), 311-320 (2015).</li><li>Sun, L., Wang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+kind+of+cell+suicide:+mechanisms+and+functions+of+programmed+necrosis.">A new kind of cell suicide: mechanisms and functions of programmed necrosis.</a> Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 39 (12), 587-593 (2014).</li><li>Grootjans, S., Vanden Berghe, T., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initiation+and+execution+mechanisms+of+necroptosis:+an+overview.">Initiation and execution mechanisms of necroptosis: an overview.</a> Cell Death &amp; Differentiation. 24 (7), 1184-1195 (2017).</li><li>Sun, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mixed+lineage+kinase+domain-like+protein+mediates+necrosis+signaling+downstream+of+RIP3+kinase.">Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase.</a> Cell. 148 (1-2), 213-227 (2012).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mixed+lineage+kinase+domain-like+protein+MLKL+causes+necrotic+membrane+disruption+upon+phosphorylation+by+RIP3.">Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein MLKL causes necrotic membrane disruption upon phosphorylation by RIP3.</a> Molecular Cell. 54 (1), 133-146 (2014).</li><li>Cai, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+membrane+translocation+of+trimerized+MLKL+protein+is+required+for+TNF-induced+necroptosis.">Plasma membrane translocation of trimerized MLKL protein is required for TNF-induced necroptosis.</a> Nature Cell Biology. 16 (1), 55-65 (2014).</li><li>Chen, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translocation+of+mixed+lineage+kinase+domain-like+protein+to+plasma+membrane+leads+to+necrotic+cell+death.">Translocation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein to plasma membrane leads to necrotic cell death.</a> Cell Research. 24 (1), 105-121 (2014).</li><li>Dillon, C. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIPK1+blocks+early+postnatal+lethality+mediated+by+caspase-8+and+RIPK3.">RIPK1 blocks early postnatal lethality mediated by caspase-8 and RIPK3.</a> Cell. 157 (5), 1189-1202 (2014).</li><li>Rickard, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIPK1+regulates+RIPK3-MLKL-driven+systemic+inflammation+and+emergency+hematopoiesis.">RIPK1 regulates RIPK3-MLKL-driven systemic inflammation and emergency hematopoiesis.</a> Cell. 157 (5), 1175-1188 (2014).</li><li>Kaiser, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toll-like+receptor+3-mediated+necrosis+via+TRIF,+RIP3,+and+MLKL.">Toll-like receptor 3-mediated necrosis via TRIF, RIP3, and MLKL.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (43), 31268-31279 (2013).</li><li>Upton, J. W., Kaiser, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DAI+Another+Way:+Necroptotic+Control+of+Viral+Infection.">DAI Another Way: Necroptotic Control of Viral Infection.</a> Cell Host &amp; Microbe. 21 (3), 290-293 (2017).</li><li>Tanzer, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+signalling+is+tuned+by+phosphorylation+of+MLKL+residues+outside+the+pseudokinase+domain+activation+loop.">Necroptosis signalling is tuned by phosphorylation of MLKL residues outside the pseudokinase domain activation loop.</a> Biochemical Journal. 471 (2), 255-265 (2015).</li><li>Quarato, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+Engagement+of+Distinct+MLKL+Phosphatidylinositol-Binding+Sites+Executes+Necroptosis.">Sequential Engagement of Distinct MLKL Phosphatidylinositol-Binding Sites Executes Necroptosis.</a> Molecular Cell. 61 (4), 589-601 (2016).</li><li>Davies, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+brace+helices+of+MLKL+mediate+interdomain+communication+and+oligomerisation+to+regulate+cell+death+by+necroptosis.">The brace helices of MLKL mediate interdomain communication and oligomerisation to regulate cell death by necroptosis.</a> Cell Death &amp; Differentiation. , (2018).</li><li>Su, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+plug+release+mechanism+for+membrane+permeation+by+MLKL.">A plug release mechanism for membrane permeation by MLKL.</a> Structure. 22 (10), 1489-1500 (2014).</li><li>Dondelinger, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MLKL+compromises+plasma+membrane+integrity+by+binding+to+phosphatidylinositol+phosphates.">MLKL compromises plasma membrane integrity by binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates.</a> Cell Reports. 7 (4), 971-981 (2014).</li><li>Llambi, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BOK+Is+a+Non-canonical+BCL-2+Family+Effector+of+Apoptosis+Regulated+by+ER-Associated+Degradation.">BOK Is a Non-canonical BCL-2 Family Effector of Apoptosis Regulated by ER-Associated Degradation.</a> Cell. 165 (2), 421-433 (2016).</li><li>Malkani, N., Schmid, J. 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Vi tilbyr protokoller for teknikker som kombineres til innblandet MLKL som antatte bøddelen plasma membranen ruptur24. I tillegg til tyde regulatoriske nettverket som regulerer MLKL-mediert necroptosis, kan disse teknikkene brukes uavhengig å karakterisere andre passende biologiske systemer. Praktisk talt, er disse teknikkene middels til lav-gjennomstrømming registreringsverktøy.
Vi har rutinemessig brukes live-celle bildebehandling på NBB140-2xFV-Venus-...

Identifisere genetiske komponenter i necroptosis har muliggjort bruk av dyr modeller å teste Implikasjonen av necroptosis i fysiologi og sykdom1,2,3,4,5. Knockout av RIPK3 eller MLKL i mus hadde minimal konsekvensen i utvikling og voksen homeostase antyder at necroptosis ikke er avgjørende for liv3,6. Videre inneholder enkelte arter ikke enten RIPK3 eller MLKL gener, støtte ikke-essensielle rollen necroptosis i dyr7,8. På den annen side, har utfordrende knockout dyr modeller med ulike patologi indusert i laboratoriet avdekket en viktig rolle i necroptosis i betennelse, medfødt immunitet og viral infeksjon9,10, 11 , 12.
Necroptosis kan aktiveres på flere måter ved signalisering gjennom ulike medfødt immunitet sensorer, alle noe som resulterer i aktivering av RIPK31,13,14. Aktive RIPK3 igjen phosphorylates og aktiverer MLKL3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 ,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18. De studerte, og kanskje den mest komplekse måten, fører til aktivering av RIPK3 innebærer død reseptor ligation, som bifurcates basert på nedstrøms sammensetningen av signalnettverk komplekser å indusere enten apoptose eller necroptosis1. Necroptosis oppstår når signalisering gjennom RIPK1 foretrukket og resultater i engasjement RIPK319,20. Dette resultatet foretrukket lett farmakologiske hemming eller genetisk sletting av caspase 8, en antatte endogene inhibitor av necroptosis som holder necroptosis i sjakk. RIPK1 binder til og aktiverer RIPK3. En annen måte å aktivere necroptosis er gjennom Toll-like reseptorer TLR3/TLR4 signalnettverk, som engasjerer og aktiverer RIPK3 gjennom TIR domene-inneholder kort-inducing interferon-β (TRIF)21. Likevel er en annen måte å dø av necroptosis ved aktivering av DNA sensoren DAI, som direkte engasjerer og aktiverer RIPK322.
MLKL er en cytosolic proteiner som består av et N-terminal helix bunt (NB) domene og C-terminalen pseudokinase domene (psKD) koblet av en regulerende klammeparentes regionen3. I normale celler, er MLKL funnet i stoffer der det antas å være i en inaktiv kompleks med RIPK314. Aktivering av necroptosis utløser RIPK3 fosforylering av MLKL i aktiviseringen løkke av psKD og potensielt flere områder i de NB og spenne3,15,23. Fosforylering induserer en conformational endring i MLKL som resulterer i tar avstand fra RIPK314. Dårlig forstått conformational endringer release spenne fra psKD24. Spenne, som inneholder 2 helikser, formidler oligomerization av MLKL i en antatte trimer gjennom C-terminalen helix25. N-terminal helix av spenne hemmer NB domenet, som er avgjørende for membran permeabilization24,26. I isolasjon er NB domene tilstrekkelig til å indusere plasma membran permeabilization og necroptosis16,24,27. Pro-necroptotic aktiviteten til NB ble rekonstituert i mus embryonale fibroblaster mangelfull i MLKL (mlkl- / - MEFs). NB er et lipid bindende domene som fortrinnsvis engasjerer phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5 diphosphate (PIP2). Vi foreslått en gradvis mekanisme for aktivering av MLKL, der klammeparentes oligomerization forenkler rekruttering av MLKL plasma membranen via svake interaksjoner av NB med PIP2 polar Hovedgruppe24. På membranen gjennomgår NB regulert eksponering av en ekstra høy affinitet bindende nettsted for PIP2, som er maskert av spenne i inaktiv MLKL. Samlet destabilisere flere samhandling NB med PIP2 plasma membranen fører til sine brudd, selv om den molekylære mekanismen av disse hendelsene ikke har utredet.
Her viser vi bestemte metoder benyttes for å karakterisere funksjon MLKL som bøddelen necroptosis24. Spesielt fokusere vi på det mest minimale domenet MLKL, NB og seler (NBB), som er regulert av klammeparentes hemming og kan aktiveres gjennom tvungen dimerization å indusere plasma membranen brudd og necroptosis. Vi beskriver induserbart uttrykk systemet kombinert med tvungen narkotikainduserte FKBP-mediert dimerization for live-celle bildebehandling og elektronmikroskop celler under necroptosis. I tillegg, viser vi vår i vitro NMR analyse av interaksjonene til NBB med phosphatidylinositols (PIPs).

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1175px;" width="1174">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:429px;">Cloning and cell line generation</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
			<td style="width:323px;"></td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pRetroX-TRE3G</td>
			<td>Clontech</td>
			<td>631188</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tet-On transactivator plasmid</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Llambi et al., 2016</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) mlkl-/-</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dillon et al., 2014</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blasticidin S Hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP2647100 CAS#3513-03-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cell death quantification and live-cell microscopy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Doxycycline</td>
			<td>Clontech</td>
			<td>631311 CAS# 24390-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">B/B Homodimerizer AP20187</td>
			<td>Takara</td>
			<td>635059 CAS# 195514-80-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SYTOX Green</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S7020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syto16</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S7578</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NMR</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15N Ammonium Chloride</td>
			<td>Cambridge Isotope Laboratories</td>
			<td>NLM-467-10 CAS# 12125-02-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deuterated DTT</td>
			<td>Cambridge Isotope Laboratories</td>
			<td>DLM-2622-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deuterium Oxide</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>617385-1 CAS# 7789-20-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">n-Dodecyl-&#946;-D-Maltopyranoside</td>
			<td>Anatrace</td>
			<td>D310 CAS# 69227-93-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-&#945;-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (Brain, Porcine) (ammonium salt)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>840046X CAS# 383907-42-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol (ammonium salt) (18:0 PI)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>850143 CAS# 849412-67-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1&#39;-myo-inositol) (ammonium salt) (18:1)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>850149 CAS# 799268-53-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Specialized Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IncuCyte FLR or ZOOM</td>
			<td>Essen BioScience, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Live-cell microscopy imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Helios NanoLab 660 DualBeam&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Electron microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IncuCyte 2011A Rev2 v20111.3.4288 (FLR)</td>
			<td>Essen BioScience, Inc.</td>
			<td>http://www.essenbioscience.com</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Imaging analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FEI MAPS</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>https://www.fei.com/software/maps/</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">EM analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TopSpin v3.2</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin</td>
			<td>http://www.bruker.com</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">NMR data collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CARA v1.9.1.7</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>http://cara.nmr.ch/&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">NMR data analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:429px;">Slidebook</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">3i (Intelligent Imaging Innovations)</td>
			<td style="width:323px;">https://www.intelligent-imaging.com/slidebook</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Confocal microscopy</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

characterization of mlkl-mediated plasma membrane rupture in necroptosis

Necroptosis er en programmert celle død sti utløst av aktivering av reseptor samspill protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), som phosphorylates og aktiverer blandet herkomst kinase-lignende domenet pseudokinase, MLKL, brudd eller permeabilize plasma membranen . Necroptosis er en inflammatorisk veien tilknyttet flere patologi inkludert autoimmunitet, infeksjonssykdommer og hjerte, slag, neurodegeneration og kreft. Her beskriver vi protokoller som kan brukes til å beskrive MLKL som bøddelen i plasma membranen brudd i necroptosis. Vi visualisere prosessen med necroptosis i celler ved hjelp av live-celle bildebehandling med fluorescens konvensjonelle og AC confocal mikroskopi og fast celler med elektronmikroskop, som sammen avdekket videreformidling av MLKL fra stoffer til plasma membran før induksjon av store hull i plasma membranen. Vi presenterer i vitro kjernefysiske magnetisk resonans (NRM) analyse ved hjelp av lipider for å identifisere mulige modulatorer av MLKL-mediert necroptosis. Basert på denne metoden, identifisert vi kvantitative lipid-bindende preferanser og phosphatidyl-inositol fosfater (PIPs) som kritisk permer med MLKL som kreves for plasma membranen målretting og permeabilization i necroptosis.

Visualisere regulert necroptosis kjøring i lever celler er oppnådd gjennom induserbart uttrykk for en minimal avkortet MLKL konstruksjon, NBB140-2xFV-Venus. Denne konstruksjonen har evnen til å indusere plasma membran permeabilization og aktiveres gjennom Dim-indusert oligomerization av FKBP kassetten (2xFV). Vi observere og kvantifisere necroptosis av live-celle mikroskopi tenkelig, overvåking kinetically (hver 5 min) opptaket av en celle ugjennomtrengelig grønne fluoresc...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis at JoVE.com

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis

Vi rapporterer metoder for kategorisering av MLKL-mediert plasma membranen brudd i necroptosis inkludert konvensjonelle og AC confocal live-celle mikroskopi bildebehandling, skanning elektronmikroskop og NMR-baserte lipid binding.

Karakterisering av MLKL-mediert Plasma membranen brudd i Necroptosis

Necroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway triggered by activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), which phosphorylates and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Measuring Near Plasma Membrane and Global Intracellular Calcium Dynamics in Astrocytes

The brain contains glial cells.  Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, have long been known to provide a passive supportive role to neurons. However, ...

Measuring Plasma Membrane Protein Endocytic Rates by Reversible Biotinylation

Plasma membrane proteins are a large, diverse group of proteins comprised of receptors, ion channels, transporters and pumps.  Activity of these proteins ...

Quantitative Measurement of GLUT4 Translocation to the Plasma Membrane by Flow Cytometry

Glucose is the main source of energy for the body, requiring constant regulation of its blood concentration. Insulin release by the pancreas induces ...

Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)

Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing MTT

Kartlegging Molekylær Diffusion i plasmamembranen ved Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)

Our goal is to obtain a comprehensive description of molecular processes occurring at cellular membranes in different biological functions. We aim at ...

Use of a Robot for High-throughput Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Bruk av en robot for High-throughput Krystallisering av membran proteiner i Lipidic Mesophases

Structure-function studies of membrane proteins greatly benefit from having available high-resolution 3-D structures of the type provided through ...

Real-time Analyses of Retinol Transport by the Membrane Receptor of Plasma Retinol Binding Protein

Real-time analyser av Retinol Transport av membranen Receptor av Plasma Retinol Binding Protein

Vitamin A is essential for vision and the growth/differentiation of almost all human organs.  Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principle and ...

Imaging Plasma Membrane Deformations With pTIRFM

Imaging Plasma Membran Deformasjoner Med pTIRFM

To gain novel insights into the dynamics of exocytosis, our group focuses on the changes in lipid bilayer shape that must be precisely regulated during ...

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Funksjonell Karakterisering av Na<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; / H<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Vekslere av intracellulære Bruke Proton-drapet Selection å uttrykke dem på plasmamembranen

Endosomal acidification is critical for a wide range of processes, such as protein recycling and degradation, receptor desensitization, and ...

Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery

Microperfusion Technique å etterforske Regulering av microvessel Permeabilitet i Rat mesenterium

Experiments to measure the permeability properties of individually perfused microvessels provide a bridge between investigation of molecular and cellular ...

Ground State Depletion Super-resolution Imaging in Mammalian Cells

Bakken staten uttømming super-oppløsning Imaging i pattedyrceller

Advances in fluorescent microscopy and cell biology are intimately correlated, with the enhanced ability to visualize cellular events often leading to ...