Name: characterization of mlkl-mediated plasma membrane rupture in necroptosis
Uploaded: 2018-08-07T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis at JoVE.com

1. kloning och Cell linje Generation
<ol><li>PCR förstärka regionen NBB, motsvarande aminosyra rester 1-140 (NBB140), från mänskliga MLKL cDNA för i ram standard restriktionsenzym-baserade kloning med oligomerisering domän 2 x FK506 bindande protein (2xFKBP eller 2xFV) och Venus lysrör protein i doxycyklin (Dox) - inducerbara retrovirala vektor pRetroX-TRE3G att skaffa NBB140- 2xFV-Venus (tabell 1, figurerna 1A-B).</li>
	<li>Föreviga primära mlkl- /- e...

<ol>
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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pseudokinase+MLKL+mediates+necroptosis+via+a+molecular+switch+mechanism.">The pseudokinase MLKL mediates necroptosis via a molecular switch mechanism.</a> Immunity. 39 (3), 443-453 (2013).</li><li>Oberst, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalytic+activity+of+the+caspase-8-FLIP(L)+complex+inhibits+RIPK3-dependent+necrosis.">Catalytic activity of the caspase-8-FLIP(L) complex inhibits RIPK3-dependent necrosis.</a> Nature. 471 (7338), 363-367 (2011).</li><li>Zhang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+complementation+between+FADD+and+RIP1+in+embryos+and+lymphocytes.">Functional complementation between FADD and RIP1 in embryos and lymphocytes.</a> Nature. 471 (7338), 373-376 (2011).</li><li>He, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Receptor+interacting+protein+kinase-3+determines+cellular+necrotic+response+to+TNF-alpha.">Receptor interacting protein kinase-3 determines cellular necrotic response to TNF-alpha.</a> Cell. 137 (6), 1100-1111 (2009).</li><li>Dondelinger, Y., Hulpiau, P., Saeys, Y., Bertrand, M. J. M., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+evolutionary+perspective+on+the+necroptotic+pathway.">An evolutionary perspective on the necroptotic pathway.</a> Trends in Cell Biology. 26 (10), 721-732 (2016).</li><li>Newton, K., Manning, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+and+Inflammation.">Necroptosis and Inflammation.</a> Annual Review of Biochemistry. 85, 743-763 (2016).</li><li>Kaiser, W. J., Upton, J. W., Mocarski, E. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Inflammatory+Perspective+on+Necroptosis.">An Inflammatory Perspective on Necroptosis.</a> Molecular Cell. 65 (6), 965-973 (2017).</li><li>Pasparakis, M., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+and+its+role+in+inflammation.">Necroptosis and its role in inflammation.</a> Nature. 517 (7534), 311-320 (2015).</li><li>Sun, L., Wang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+kind+of+cell+suicide:+mechanisms+and+functions+of+programmed+necrosis.">A new kind of cell suicide: mechanisms and functions of programmed necrosis.</a> Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 39 (12), 587-593 (2014).</li><li>Grootjans, S., Vanden Berghe, T., Vandenabeele, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Initiation+and+execution+mechanisms+of+necroptosis:+an+overview.">Initiation and execution mechanisms of necroptosis: an overview.</a> Cell Death &amp; Differentiation. 24 (7), 1184-1195 (2017).</li><li>Sun, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mixed+lineage+kinase+domain-like+protein+mediates+necrosis+signaling+downstream+of+RIP3+kinase.">Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase.</a> Cell. 148 (1-2), 213-227 (2012).</li><li>Wang, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mixed+lineage+kinase+domain-like+protein+MLKL+causes+necrotic+membrane+disruption+upon+phosphorylation+by+RIP3.">Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein MLKL causes necrotic membrane disruption upon phosphorylation by RIP3.</a> Molecular Cell. 54 (1), 133-146 (2014).</li><li>Cai, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+membrane+translocation+of+trimerized+MLKL+protein+is+required+for+TNF-induced+necroptosis.">Plasma membrane translocation of trimerized MLKL protein is required for TNF-induced necroptosis.</a> Nature Cell Biology. 16 (1), 55-65 (2014).</li><li>Chen, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translocation+of+mixed+lineage+kinase+domain-like+protein+to+plasma+membrane+leads+to+necrotic+cell+death.">Translocation of mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein to plasma membrane leads to necrotic cell death.</a> Cell Research. 24 (1), 105-121 (2014).</li><li>Dillon, C. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIPK1+blocks+early+postnatal+lethality+mediated+by+caspase-8+and+RIPK3.">RIPK1 blocks early postnatal lethality mediated by caspase-8 and RIPK3.</a> Cell. 157 (5), 1189-1202 (2014).</li><li>Rickard, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RIPK1+regulates+RIPK3-MLKL-driven+systemic+inflammation+and+emergency+hematopoiesis.">RIPK1 regulates RIPK3-MLKL-driven systemic inflammation and emergency hematopoiesis.</a> Cell. 157 (5), 1175-1188 (2014).</li><li>Kaiser, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toll-like+receptor+3-mediated+necrosis+via+TRIF,+RIP3,+and+MLKL.">Toll-like receptor 3-mediated necrosis via TRIF, RIP3, and MLKL.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 288 (43), 31268-31279 (2013).</li><li>Upton, J. W., Kaiser, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DAI+Another+Way:+Necroptotic+Control+of+Viral+Infection.">DAI Another Way: Necroptotic Control of Viral Infection.</a> Cell Host &amp; Microbe. 21 (3), 290-293 (2017).</li><li>Tanzer, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Necroptosis+signalling+is+tuned+by+phosphorylation+of+MLKL+residues+outside+the+pseudokinase+domain+activation+loop.">Necroptosis signalling is tuned by phosphorylation of MLKL residues outside the pseudokinase domain activation loop.</a> Biochemical Journal. 471 (2), 255-265 (2015).</li><li>Quarato, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+Engagement+of+Distinct+MLKL+Phosphatidylinositol-Binding+Sites+Executes+Necroptosis.">Sequential Engagement of Distinct MLKL Phosphatidylinositol-Binding Sites Executes Necroptosis.</a> Molecular Cell. 61 (4), 589-601 (2016).</li><li>Davies, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+brace+helices+of+MLKL+mediate+interdomain+communication+and+oligomerisation+to+regulate+cell+death+by+necroptosis.">The brace helices of MLKL mediate interdomain communication and oligomerisation to regulate cell death by necroptosis.</a> Cell Death &amp; Differentiation. , (2018).</li><li>Su, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+plug+release+mechanism+for+membrane+permeation+by+MLKL.">A plug release mechanism for membrane permeation by MLKL.</a> Structure. 22 (10), 1489-1500 (2014).</li><li>Dondelinger, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MLKL+compromises+plasma+membrane+integrity+by+binding+to+phosphatidylinositol+phosphates.">MLKL compromises plasma membrane integrity by binding to phosphatidylinositol phosphates.</a> Cell Reports. 7 (4), 971-981 (2014).</li><li>Llambi, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BOK+Is+a+Non-canonical+BCL-2+Family+Effector+of+Apoptosis+Regulated+by+ER-Associated+Degradation.">BOK Is a Non-canonical BCL-2 Family Effector of Apoptosis Regulated by ER-Associated Degradation.</a> Cell. 165 (2), 421-433 (2016).</li><li>Malkani, N., Schmid, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Some+secrets+of+fluorescent+proteins:+distinct+bleaching+in+various+mounting+fluids+and+photoactivation+of+cyan+fluorescent+proteins+at+YFP-excitation.">Some secrets of fluorescent proteins: distinct bleaching in various mounting fluids and photoactivation of cyan fluorescent proteins at YFP-excitation.</a> PLoS One. 6 (4), 18586 (2011).</li><li>Perez, A. 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Vi tillhandahåller protokoll för tekniker som vi kombinerat till inblandad MLKL som förmodad bödeln av plasmamembranet bristning24. Förutom att dechiffrera det regulatoriska nätverk som reglerar MLKL-medierad necroptosis, kan dessa tekniker användas självständigt att karakterisera andra lämpliga biologiska system. Praktiskt sett är dessa tekniker medium till låg-genomströmning upptäckt verktyg.
Vi har rutinmässigt används live-cell avbildning av NBB...

Identifiera genetiska komponenter av necroptosis har underlättat användningen av djurmodeller att testa implikationen av necroptosis i fysiologi och sjukdom1,2,3,4,5. Knockout av RIPK3 eller MLKL i möss hade minimal implikation i utveckling och vuxen homeostas vilket tyder på att necroptosis inte är nödvändiga för liv3,6. Dessutom innehåller vissa arter inte antingen RIPK3 eller MLKL gener, stödja necroptosis icke väsentliga roll i djur7,8. Däremot, har utmanande knockout djurmodeller med olika sjukdomar studeras i laboratorium visat en viktig roll för necroptosis i inflammation, medfödd immunitet och virusinfektion9,10, 11 , 12.
Necroptosis kan aktiveras på flera sätt genom signalering genom olika medfödd immunitet sensorer, alla som leder till aktivering av RIPK31,13,14. Aktiva RIPK3 i sin tur phosphorylates och aktiverar MLKL3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 ,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18. Det studerade, och kanske det mest komplexa sätt, vilket leder till aktivering av RIPK3 innebär döden receptor ligering, som bifurcates baserat på nedströms sammansättningen av signalering komplexen antingen inducera apoptos eller necroptosis1. Necroptosis inträder när signalering via RIPK1 gynnas och resulterar i engagemang RIPK319,20. Detta resultat är enkelt gynnade vid farmakologisk hämning eller genetiska radering av kaspas 8, en förmodad endogen hämmare av necroptosis som håller necroptosis borta. RIPK1 binder till och aktiverar RIPK3. Ett annat sätt att aktivera necroptosis är genom Toll-liknande receptorer TLR3/TLR4 signalering, som engagerar och aktiverar RIPK3 genom TIR-domän-innehållande adapter-inducerande interferon-β (TRIF)21. Ännu är ett sätt att dö av necroptosis av aktivering av DNA sensorn DAI, som direkt engagerar och aktiverar RIPK322.
MLKL är ett cytosoliskt protein som består av en N-terminal helix bundle (NB)-domän och en C-terminal pseudokinase domän (psKD) Förenade genom ett föreskrivande stag region3. I normala celler finns MLKL i cytosolen där det är tänkt att vara i ett inaktivt komplex med RIPK314. Aktivering av necroptosis utlöser RIPK3 fosforylering av MLKL i den aktiveringen öglan av psKD och eventuellt ytterligare platser i NB och stag3,15,23. Fosforylering inducerar en conformationaländring i MLKL som resulterar i dissociation från RIPK314. Dåligt förstådd konfirmerande förändringar släpp stag från psKD24. Stag, som innehåller 2 spiraler, förmedlar oligomerisering av MLKL till en förmodad trimer genom C-terminal helix25. Den N-terminala spiralen av stag hämmar domänen NB, vilket är viktigt för membran permeabilisering24,26. Isolerat är NB domän tillräcklig för att framkalla plasmamembranet vilket och necroptosis16,24,27. Pro-necroptotic aktiviteten av NB ombildades i mus embryonala fibroblaster bristfällig i MLKL (mlkl- / - MEFs). NB är en lipid bindande domän som företrädesvis engagerar de fosfolipid fosfatidylinositol 4,5 diphosphate (PIP2). Vi föreslår en stegvis mekanism för aktivering av MLKL, vari stag oligomerisering underlättar rekrytering av MLKL till plasmamembranet via svaga interaktioner för NB på PIP2 polar huvud grupp24. På membranet genomgår NB reglerade exponering av en extra hög affinitet bindningsstället för PIP2som maskeras av stag i inaktiva MLKL. Sammantaget destabilisera de flera interaktionerna för NB med PIP2 plasmamembranet leder till dess bristning, även om den molekylära mekanismen av dessa händelser inte har klargjorts.
Här illustrera vi specifika metoder som används för att karakterisera MLKL funktion som bödel i necroptosis24. I synnerhet fokusera vi på den mest minimala domänen MLKL, NB och stag (NBB), som regleras av stag hämning och kan aktiveras genom påtvingade dimerization att framkalla plasmamembranet bristning och necroptosis. Vi beskriver våra inducerbara uttryck systemet kombinerat med påtvingade läkemedelsinducerad FKBP-medierad dimerization för live-cell imaging och elektronmikroskopi av celler som genomgår necroptosis. Dessutom kan illustrera vi vår in vitro- NMR-analys av samspelet mellan NBB med phosphatidylinositols (kärnor).

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:1175px;" width="1174">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:429px;">Cloning and cell line generation</td>
			<td style="width:229px;"></td>
			<td style="width:323px;"></td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">pRetroX-TRE3G</td>
			<td>Clontech</td>
			<td>631188</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tet-On transactivator plasmid</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Llambi et al., 2016</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) mlkl-/-</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Dillon et al., 2014</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blasticidin S Hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP2647100 CAS#3513-03-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cell death quantification and live-cell microscopy</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Doxycycline</td>
			<td>Clontech</td>
			<td>631311 CAS# 24390-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">B/B Homodimerizer AP20187</td>
			<td>Takara</td>
			<td>635059 CAS# 195514-80-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SYTOX Green</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S7020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syto16</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S7578</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NMR</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15N Ammonium Chloride</td>
			<td>Cambridge Isotope Laboratories</td>
			<td>NLM-467-10 CAS# 12125-02-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deuterated DTT</td>
			<td>Cambridge Isotope Laboratories</td>
			<td>DLM-2622-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Deuterium Oxide</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>617385-1 CAS# 7789-20-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">n-Dodecyl-&#946;-D-Maltopyranoside</td>
			<td>Anatrace</td>
			<td>D310 CAS# 69227-93-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-&#945;-phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (Brain, Porcine) (ammonium salt)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>840046X CAS# 383907-42-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoinositol (ammonium salt) (18:0 PI)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>850143 CAS# 849412-67-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1&#39;-myo-inositol) (ammonium salt) (18:1)</td>
			<td>Avanti Polar Lipids</td>
			<td>850149 CAS# 799268-53-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Specialized Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IncuCyte FLR or ZOOM</td>
			<td>Essen BioScience, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Live-cell microscopy imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Helios NanoLab 660 DualBeam&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Electron microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IncuCyte 2011A Rev2 v20111.3.4288 (FLR)</td>
			<td>Essen BioScience, Inc.</td>
			<td>http://www.essenbioscience.com</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Imaging analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FEI MAPS</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>https://www.fei.com/software/maps/</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">EM analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TopSpin v3.2</td>
			<td>Bruker BioSpin</td>
			<td>http://www.bruker.com</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">NMR data collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CARA v1.9.1.7</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>http://cara.nmr.ch/&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">NMR data analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:429px;">Slidebook</td>
			<td style="width:229px;">3i (Intelligent Imaging Innovations)</td>
			<td style="width:323px;">https://www.intelligent-imaging.com/slidebook</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Confocal microscopy</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

characterization of mlkl-mediated plasma membrane rupture in necroptosis

Necroptosis är en programmerad cell death väg utlöses av aktivering av receptorn interagerar proteinkinas 3 (RIPK3), som phosphorylates och aktiverar blandade härstamning kreatinkinas-liknande domän pseudokinase, MLKL, att brista eller permeabilize plasmamembranet . Necroptosis är en inflammatorisk väg som är associerad med flera patologier inklusive autoimmunitet, infektions- och kardiovaskulära sjukdomar, stroke, neurodegeneration och cancer. Här beskriver vi protokoll som kan användas för att karaktärisera MLKL som bödeln av plasmamembranet bristning i necroptosis. Vi visualiserar processen för necroptosis i cellerna med hjälp av live-cell imaging med konventionella och confocal fluorescensmikroskopi, och i fasta celler med hjälp av elektronmikroskopi, som tillsammans avslöjat en omfördelning av MLKL från cytosolen till plasma membran före induktion av stora hål i plasmamembranet. Vi presenterar i vitro kärnmagnetisk resonans (NMR) analys med lipider för att identifiera förmodad modulatorer av MLKL-medierad necroptosis. Baserat på denna metod, identifierat vi kvantitativa lipid-bindande preferenser och fosfatidyl-inositol fosfater (kärnor) som kritiska bindemedel av MLKL som krävs för plasmamembranet inriktning och permeabilisering i necroptosis.

Visualisera reglerade necroptosis avrättning i levande celler har varit möjligt genom inducerbara uttryck för en minimal trunkerade MLKL konstruktion, NBB140-2xFV-Venus. Denna konstruktion bibehåller förmågan att inducera plasmamembranet vilket och aktiveras via Dim-inducerad oligomerisering av FKBP kassetten (2xFV). Vi observerar och kvantifiera necroptosis av live-cell mikroskopi imaging, övervakning kinetiskt (var 5: e minut) upptaget av en cell ogenomtränglig grön ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis at JoVE.com

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis

Vi rapporterar metoder för karakterisering av MLKL-medierad plasmamembranet bristning i necroptosis inklusive konventionella och confocal live-cell mikroskopi imaging, scanning electron microscopy, och NMR-baserade lipid bindande.

Karakterisering av MLKL-medierad plasmamembranet bristning i Necroptosis

Necroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway triggered by activation of receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3), which phosphorylates and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Measuring Near Plasma Membrane and Global Intracellular Calcium Dynamics in Astrocytes

Mätning nära plasmamembran och Global Intracellulär Dynamics Kalcium i Astrocyter

The brain contains glial cells.  Astrocytes, a type of glial cell, have long been known to provide a passive supportive role to neurons. However, ...

Measuring Plasma Membrane Protein Endocytic Rates by Reversible Biotinylation

Mätning Plasma membranprotein Endocytic priser genom reversibel Biotinylation

Plasma membrane proteins are a large, diverse group of proteins comprised of receptors, ion channels, transporters and pumps.  Activity of these proteins ...

Quantitative Measurement of GLUT4 Translocation to the Plasma Membrane by Flow Cytometry

Kvantitativ mätning av GLUT4 Translokation till plasmamembranet med flödescytometri

Glucose is the main source of energy for the body, requiring constant regulation of its blood concentration. Insulin release by the pancreas induces ...

Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)

Mapping Molecular Diffusion in the Plasma Membrane by Multiple-Target Tracing MTT

Kartläggning molekylär diffusion i plasmamembranet med Multiple-Target Tracing (MTT)

Our goal is to obtain a comprehensive description of molecular processes occurring at cellular membranes in different biological functions. We aim at ...

Use of a Robot for High-throughput Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases

Användning av en robot för hög kapacitet Kristallisering av membranproteiner i lipidisk mesofaser

Structure-function studies of membrane proteins greatly benefit from having available high-resolution 3-D structures of the type provided through ...

Real-time Analyses of Retinol Transport by the Membrane Receptor of Plasma Retinol Binding Protein

Realtid Analyser av Retinol Transport från membranreceptor av plasma Retinol Binding Protein

Vitamin A is essential for vision and the growth/differentiation of almost all human organs.  Plasma retinol binding protein (RBP) is the principle and ...

Imaging Plasma Membrane Deformations With pTIRFM

Imaging Plasma Membrane Deformationer Med pTIRFM

To gain novel insights into the dynamics of exocytosis, our group focuses on the changes in lipid bilayer shape that must be precisely regulated during ...

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Functional Characterization of Na+/H+ Exchangers of Intracellular Compartments Using Proton-killing Selection to Express Them at the Plasma Membrane

Funktionell karakterisering av Na<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; / H<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Värmeväxlare av intracellulära Utrymmen Använda Proton-dödande Urval att uttrycka dem på plasmamembranet

Endosomal acidification is critical for a wide range of processes, such as protein recycling and degradation, receptor desensitization, and ...

Microperfusion Technique to Investigate Regulation of Microvessel Permeability in Rat Mesentery

Mikroperfusionskammarens Teknik för att undersöka Reglering av mikrokärls permeabilitet i Rat krös

Experiments to measure the permeability properties of individually perfused microvessels provide a bridge between investigation of molecular and cellular ...

Ground State Depletion Super-resolution Imaging in Mammalian Cells

Grundtillståndet utarmning super resolution Imaging i däggdjursceller

Advances in fluorescent microscopy and cell biology are intimately correlated, with the enhanced ability to visualize cellular events often leading to ...