Name: isolation and identification of extravascular immune cells of the heart
Uploaded: 2018-08-23T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了加拿大卫生研究院 (148808 和 148792) 的支持, SE 得到了心脏和中风基金会的支持, 来自安大略省级办事处的人员奖, 3月的硬币, 泰德罗杰斯心脏研究中心和彼得蒙克。心脏中心。XCC 持有卫生研究院班廷奖学金。LA 举行心脏 & 中风/理查德 Lewar 奖学金奖。

伦理声明: 本议定书已由大学卫生网 (加拿大多伦多) 动物保育委员会审查和批准, 并符合加拿大动物保育理事会的规定。
1. 缓冲准备
<ol><li>准备 HBB 缓冲液 (汉克的平衡盐溶液 (HBSS), 2% 热灭活牛血清, 0.2% 牛血清白蛋白)。添加10毫升的热灭活牛血清和1克牛血清白蛋白到500毫升的 HBSS。过滤器消毒通过0.2 µm 过滤器和存储在4摄氏度。</li>
	<li>制备血液学缓冲剂 (磷酸缓冲盐水 (PBS),...

<ol>
	<li>Marboe, C. C., Fenoglio, J. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pathology+and+natural+history+of+human+myocarditis.">Pathology and natural history of human myocarditis.</a> Pathology and Immunopathology Research. 7 (4), 226-239 (1988).</li><li>Epelman, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+and+adult-derived+resident+cardiac+macrophages+are+maintained+through+distinct+mechanisms+at+steady+state+and+during+inflammation.">Embryonic and adult-derived resident cardiac macrophages are maintained through distinct mechanisms at steady state and during inflammation.</a> Immunity. 40 (1), 91-104 (2014).</li><li>Pinto, A. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+abundant+tissue+macrophage+population+in+the+adult+murine+heart+with+a+distinct+alternatively-activated+macrophage+profile.">An abundant tissue macrophage population in the adult murine heart with a distinct alternatively-activated macrophage profile.</a> PLoS One. 7 (5), 36814 (2012).</li><li>Lavine, K. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+macrophage+lineages+contribute+to+disparate+patterns+of+cardiac+recovery+and+remodeling+in+the+neonatal+and+adult+heart.">Distinct macrophage lineages contribute to disparate patterns of cardiac recovery and remodeling in the neonatal and adult heart.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 111 (45), 16029-16034 (2014).</li><li>Fujiu, K., Wang, J., Nagai, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardioprotective+function+of+cardiac+macrophages.">Cardioprotective function of cardiac macrophages.</a> Cardiovascular Research. 102 (2), 232-239 (2014).</li><li>Hulsmans, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophages+Facilitate+Electrical+Conduction+in+the+Heart.">Macrophages Facilitate Electrical Conduction in the Heart.</a> Cell. 169 (3), 510-522 (2017).</li><li>Nahrendorf, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+healing+myocardium+sequentially+mobilizes+two+monocyte+subsets+with+divergent+and+complementary+functions.">The healing myocardium sequentially mobilizes two monocyte subsets with divergent and complementary functions.</a> Journal of Experimental Medicine. 204 (12), 3037-3047 (2007).</li><li>Clemente-Casares, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+CD103(+)+Conventional+Dendritic+Cell+Surveillance+System+Prevents+Development+of+Overt+Heart+Failure+during+Subclinical+Viral+Myocarditis.">A CD103(+) Conventional Dendritic Cell Surveillance System Prevents Development of Overt Heart Failure during Subclinical Viral Myocarditis.</a> Immunity. 47 (5), 974-989 (2017).</li><li>Van der Borght, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myocardial+Infarction+Primes+Autoreactive+T+Cells+through+Activation+of+Dendritic+Cells.">Myocardial Infarction Primes Autoreactive T Cells through Activation of Dendritic Cells.</a> Cell Reports. 18 (12), 3005-3017 (2017).</li><li>Galkina, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preferential+migration+of+effector+CD8++T+cells+into+the+interstitium+of+the+normal+lung.">Preferential migration of effector CD8+ T cells into the interstitium of the normal lung.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115 (12), 3473-3483 (2005).</li><li>Edelson, B. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peripheral+CD103++dendritic+cells+form+a+unified+subset+developmentally+related+to+CD8alpha++conventional+dendritic+cells.">Peripheral CD103+ dendritic cells form a unified subset developmentally related to CD8alpha+ conventional dendritic cells.</a> Journal of Experimental Medicine. 207 (4), 823-836 (2010).</li></ol>

心肌炎症, 或心肌炎, 是大多数心血管疾病的特征。然而, 在非疾病状态下, 心肌并不缺乏自身的免疫成分。在稳态状态下, 许多免疫细胞驻留在心肌中, 发挥着维护和保护的重要作用。如果没有本议定书所提出的方法, 就不可能对这些不同的细胞群体进行描述。
一种结合的机械和酶消化的心肌允许隔离单个细胞悬浮, 可用于结合其他分析方法, 如流式细胞术或磁珠隔离。必须考?...

不同形式的心肌应激或损伤, 包括缺血性 (缺血再灌注或心肌梗死) 和非缺血性 (高血压或心肌炎), 促进炎症细胞的招募与修复和保护, 但也致病性。早在 1891, 龙贝格首先描述了感染斑疹伤寒和猩红热1患者心肌细胞浸润的存在。然而, 对心脏免疫细胞的详细研究需要发展更先进的免疫分型技术。因此, 直到最近我们才开始了解到, 在稳定状态下, 具有重要维护作用的免疫细胞的不同种群驻留在心肌内。
组织学一直是, 而且仍然是最常用的方法来表征心脏免疫细胞在炎症。然而, 虽然组织学是一个有价值的诊断工具, 它在心脏免疫细胞研究中的应用有重要的局限性。驻留在心肌中的免疫细胞占总细胞的很小比例, 或多或少分布在一个比例巨大的空间中。同样, 几种形式的心脏炎症, 如病毒性心肌炎, 显示炎症的焦点模式。这意味着对心脏的免疫系统的准确分析往往需要更高的组织学取样, 增加成本, 以减少偏见。此外, 组织学在细胞识别中提供了非常有限的可用信息 (如参数数目)。随着越来越多的细胞子集需要使用多个表达标记 (包括表面标记, 转录因子或分泌分子), 流式细胞术已经建立了自己作为最强大的工具, 免疫分型,由于低成本和高吞吐量。
免疫分型技术的使用是密切依赖于开发高效的消化协议, 允许对大量细胞的单细胞分析。细胞提取的穷尽性协议的发展为心脏免疫学研究开辟了新的机遇之窗。通过消化、流式细胞术和转录组学的结合, 在心脏中的巨噬细胞和树突状体细胞的主要种群特征为2、3。最丰富的心脏免疫细胞在稳定状态是 CD64+MerTK+巨噬细胞, 可进一步分裂的基础上, 其表达 CCR2 或 CD11c2。CCR2+巨噬细胞起源于成人骨髓造血, 而大多数 CCR2 巨噬细胞, 可以表达高或低的 MHC II, 主要是产前起源。巨噬细胞执行关键功能, 如修复4和清除碎片5在伤害或支持电连接6稳定状态。在不同的炎症形式期间 Ly6C 的一个重要汇集 CD64int单核细胞发生, 以后区分成 Ly6Chi CCR2+巨噬细胞2,7.一个明显较小, 但重要的是, 居住在健康个体的心肌细胞的数量是由树突状细胞8,9组成。心脏常规 DCs (招揽) 的两个主要子集最近的特点是: cDC1 (CD103+ dcs) 和 cDC2 (CD11b+ dcs)。DCs 在抵御感染方面起着重要作用8 , 但也可以促进炎症期间的自我伤害, 特别是在心肌梗塞9期间。
在这里, 我们描述了一个简单的方法来隔离的存活的心脏免疫细胞的小鼠心肌。该方法结合酶和机械消化与细胞过滤过滤, 以获得一个单一的细胞悬浮, 可以分析, 或进一步纯化, 通过流式细胞仪分类或磁珠浓缩。准确测量外心肌细胞需要心脏灌注, 以消除可能的污染物从血液中的心脏微血管。此外, 我们提出了一个可选的步骤, 免疫细胞的血管内标记, 可用于进一步区分心肌细胞从血管内污染物, 根据 Galkina等10号议定书。最后, 我们提出了一个基本的流式细胞分析, 以确定主要巨噬细胞和 cDC 亚人口。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:815px;" width="814">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:340px;">Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Wisent</td>
			<td style="width:185px;">311-010-CL</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">1x PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">21Gx 1 1/2 (0.8mmx40mm) PrecisionGlide Needle</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305167</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Hank&#8217;s Balanced Salt Solution</td>
			<td>Wisent</td>
			<td>311-511-CL</td>
			<td>1x HBSS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A4503-50G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Bovine serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B9433</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">0.5M Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid</td>
			<td>BioShop</td>
			<td>EDT111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Vacuum filter , 0.2 &#181;m Filtropur V50</td>
			<td>Sarstedt</td>
			<td>83.1823.001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">28G 1/2 1 cc insulin syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>329424</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">60 mL syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309653</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium</td>
			<td>Wisent</td>
			<td>319-005-CL</td>
			<td>1x DMEM with 4.5 g/L glucose and L-Glutamine and Sodium Pyruvate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Collagenase I</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C0130</td>
			<td>from Clostridium histolyticum</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Hyaluronidase type I-S</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3506</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">DNase-I</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D4513</td>
			<td>from bovine pancreas</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Cell strainer, 40 &#181;m Nylon</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Ammonium-Chloride- Potassium (ACK) lysis buffer</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>10-546E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Alexa Fluor 700 anti-mouse/human CD11b</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101222</td>
			<td>1:250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">APC/Cy7 anti-mouse Ly-6c</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>128025</td>
			<td>1:250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">APC anti-mouse CD103</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>121414</td>
			<td>1:250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">Brilliant Violet 605 anti-mouse CD11c</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>117334</td>
			<td>1:250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;">PE anti-mouse Ly-6G</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>127607</td>
			<td>1:250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pacific Blue anti-mouse I-Ab</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>116422</td>
			<td>1:250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FITC anti-mouse CD64 (FcgRI)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>139315</td>
			<td>1:250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PE/Cy7 anti-mouse CD45</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103113</td>
			<td>1:250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PerCP/Cy5.5 anti-mouse CD45</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>103132</td>
			<td>1:40 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TruStain fcX (anti-mouse CD16/32)</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>101320</td>
			<td>1:100 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">True-Stain Monocyte Blocker</td>
			<td>Biolegend</td>
			<td>426101</td>
			<td>1:20 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FlowJo V10</td>
			<td>TreeStar Inc</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>https://www.flowjo.com/solutions/flowjo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mouse: Batf3-/-</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>JAX: 013755</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation and identification of extravascular immune cells of the heart

免疫系统是健康心脏的重要组成部分。心肌是一个丰富的不同免疫细胞亚群的家, 在稳定状态和不同形式的炎症期间功能划分。直到最近, 对心脏免疫细胞的研究需要使用显微镜或发育不良的消化协议, 这在严重炎症期间提供了足够的敏感性, 但无法自信地识别小但关键人群的稳定状态下的细胞。在这里, 我们讨论了一个简单的方法, 结合酶 (胶原酶, 透明质酸和 DNAse) 和机械消化的小鼠心脏之前的血管内管理荧光标记的抗体, 以区别较小但不可避免的血管内的细胞污染物。该方法通过流式细胞仪对细胞进行鉴定、分型和定量, 或通过荧光活化细胞分选或磁珠分离进一步纯化, 从而产生分离的活体细胞悬浮。转录分析或体外研究。我们包括一个分步流细胞分析的例子, 以区分关键的巨噬细胞和树突状体细胞群体的心脏。为中等大小实验 (10 心脏) 过程的完成要求 2–3 h。

到目前为止, 还没有一个好的方法可以隔离其他心脏细胞成分, 如心肌细胞。因此, 流式细胞术对心脏单细胞悬浮液的分析需要用 CD45 预浇来识别免疫细胞的数量, 其次是单细胞和小尺寸排斥门 (图 1a)。或者, 可以执行生存性染色, 以排除死细胞。小尺寸排除和活性染料染色表示几乎等同于排除死细胞的方法 (图 1<strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart at JoVE.com

Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart

心脏外免疫细胞的分离与鉴定

该协议提出了一种简便、有效的方法, 用于分离、鉴定和量化在小鼠心肌中的免疫细胞在稳态或炎症状态下的存在。该协议结合酶和机械消化的生成单细胞悬浮, 可以进一步分析的流式细胞术。

The immune system is an essential component of a healthy heart. The myocardium is home to a rich population of different immune cell subsets with ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Measuring Calpain Activity in Fixed and Living Cells by Flow Cytometry

在固定和活细胞，流式细胞仪测量钙蛋白酶活性

Calpains are ubiquitous intracellular, calcium-sensitive, neutral cysteine proteases 1. Calpains play crucial roles in many physiological processes, ...

科研

免疫与感染

Seven Steps to Stellate Cells

星状细胞的七个步骤

Hepatic stellate cells are liver-resident  cells of star-like morphology and are located in the space of Disse between  liver sinusoidal endothelial cells ...

Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells

心脏功能免疫细胞的分离

Cardiac immune cells are gaining interest for the roles they play in the pathological remodeling in many cardiac diseases.1-5  These immune cells, which ...

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response

An Introduction to Parasitic Wasps of Drosophila and the Antiparasite Immune Response

寄生蜂简介<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;和Antiparasite的免疫反应的

Most known parasitoid wasp species attack the larval or pupal stages of Drosophila. While Trichopria drosophilae infect the pupal stages of the host (Fig. ...

Intravital Imaging of the Mouse Thymus using 2-Photon Microscopy

活体成像的鼠标使用2 - 光子显微镜的胸腺

Two-photon Microscopy (TPM) provides image acquisition in deep areas inside tissues and organs. In combination with the development of new stereotactic ...

Differentiating Functional Roles of Gene Expression from Immune and Non-immune Cells in Mouse Colitis by Bone Marrow Transplantation

区分功能基因表达的作用，通过骨髓移植免疫和非免疫细胞在小鼠结肠炎

To understand the role of a gene in the development of colitis, we compared the responses of wild-type mice and gene-of-interest deficient knockout mice ...

Flow Cytometric Isolation of Primary Murine Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells for Functional and Molecular Studies

主要鼠Ⅱ型肺泡上皮细胞的功能及分子生物学研究的流式细胞仪分离

Throughout  the last years, the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII)  to various aspects of immune regulation in the lung has been ...

Isolation of Adipose Tissue Immune Cells

脂肪组织免疫细胞的分离

The discovery of increased macrophage infiltration in  the adipose tissue (AT) of obese rodents and humans has led to an  intensification of interest in ...

Isolation, Identification, and Purification of Murine Thymic Epithelial Cells

分离，鉴定和小鼠胸腺上皮细胞的分离纯化

The thymus is a vital organ for T lymphocyte development. Of thymic stromal cells, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are particularly crucial at multiple ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain

分离和流式细胞仪分析从缺血小鼠脑免疫细胞

Ischemic stroke initiates a robust inflammatory response that starts in the intravascular compartment and involves rapid activation of brain resident ...