Name: disentangling high strength copolymer aramid fibers to enable the determination of their mechanical properties
Uploaded: 2018-09-01T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties at JoVE.com

作者要感谢奥斯本博士愿意为卡片模板的编写提供有益的讨论和协助。

1. 共聚纤维涂层在纤维分离中的溶解作用
<ol><li>佩戴适当的化学防护手套, 以防止纤维受到污染, 从每个纱线束中切割160毫米到170毫米, 用陶瓷剪刀或新鲜的钢剃刀刀片提取。保留纱线的其余部分, 如果需要进一步分析在一个标签的容器。</li>
	<li>结或夹紧纱线的两端, 以保持纱线在浸泡在溶剂中纠缠。 注: 在本研究中, 初步探讨了从极性系列中广泛极性的溶剂。基于定性结果, 采用丙酮、水、甲?...

<ol>
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E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Investigation+of+High+Performance+Fibers+for+Ballistic+Impact+Resistance+Potential.">Investigation of High Performance Fibers for Ballistic Impact Resistance Potential.</a> Int SAMPE Tech Conf Ser. 21, 840-851 (1989).</li><li>Cheng, M., Chen, W., Weerasooriya, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+Properties+of+Kevlar&#174;+KM2+Single+Fiber.">Mechanical Properties of Kevlar&#174; KM2 Single Fiber.</a> Journal of Engineering Materials and Technolog. 127 (2), 197 (2005).</li><li>Forster, A. 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本文介绍的方法提供了一种替代溶剂基协议, 用于去除芳纶共聚物纤维的涂层而不使用水。前两项研究3,4显示了这种化学成分的纤维水解的证据, 接触水蒸气或液态水。在样品制备过程中避免水解, 对于下一阶段的实验是至关重要的, 因为这些纤维会因接触温暖潮湿的环境而对其老化的敏感性进行检查。
分离和安装纤维是这个实验协?...

目前, 个人保护领域的重要重点是减少为执法和军事应用个人保护所需的防弹衣的质量1。传统的装甲设计依靠的材料, 如聚苯terephthalamide (PPTA), 也称为芳纶, 聚乙烯提供保护免受弹道威胁2。然而, 有兴趣探索不同的高强度纤维材料的潜力, 以减少装甲的重量要求, 以防止特定的弹道威胁。这就导致了对芳纶共聚物纤维等替代材料的探索。这些纤维是由 [5-氨基-2 (对氨基苯基) 苯并咪唑] (amidobenzimidazole, ABI) 和对氨基苯二胺 (对 PDA) 与 terephthaloyl 氯的反应形成聚 (p苯并咪唑-terephthalamide-terephthalamide)。在这项研究中, 我们检查三种不同的纤维, 所有这些都是商业生产的材料, 从一个行业接触。一种是一种均聚纤维, 由对 ABI 与 p-二胺反应形成 5-氨基-2 (对氨基苯基) 苯并咪唑或 PBIA。本文研究的其他两种共聚物纤维预计为随机共聚物, 其 PBIA 和 PPTA 联系的比例分别为3。这些联系的相对比率不能用固态核磁共振实验来确定。这些纤维被选定作为 PBIA-co-PPTA1, PBIA-co-PPTA3 延伸在早先出版物使用的指定4。PBIA-co-PPTA3 以前没有研究过, 但有类似的结构。这些光纤系统也是最近批出的一些专利5、6、7的重点。
防弹衣的优异抗弹道性取决于所组成材料的力学性能, 如极限抗拉强度和8、9、10的应变。重要的努力11,12,13一直专注于检查的长期稳定性的聚合物纤维用于装甲通过调查这些机械性能的有害变化暴露后,环境条件。环境条件对芳纶共聚物纤维的影响在3、4的研究中一直没有受到广泛的关注。研究这些材料的一个挑战是解析纱线的测试难度。麦克唐纳4以前的工作研究了水被用来解开纱线之前进行单纤维拉伸试验的技术。然而, 对于纤维的机械强度是否因这种水暴露而改变, 没有完全的理解。解析纤维的另一种替代方法是测试纱线束的机械强度, 但是, 这需要大量的材料, 并且被认为是平均纤维在纱线束中的强度, 提供较少的具体信息。该项目的目的是研究高湿度和温度对芳纶共聚纤维力学性能的影响。因此, 有必要找到一个替代溶剂的涂层去除和纤维解开纠结, 这将使我们能够区分水解的纤维, 由于环境暴露从样品的准备。测试用单纤维的制备由于体积小而进一步复杂化。在这项工作中, 我们研究几种常见的溶剂 (水, 甲醇, 丙酮) 和选择丙酮作为最好的选择, 以制备单纤维测试。在进一步测试之前, 所有纤维都用甲醇冲洗过。采用傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱法测定涂层的溶解和解开纠结步骤是否导致材料中的化学降解。详细的视频协议, 显示解开纠结, 化学分析和机械测试的共聚物芳纶纤维的样品准备步骤, 旨在帮助其他研究人员制定方法, 进行类似的研究实验室中的单纤维。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="757">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Stereo microscope&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">National</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DC4-456H</td>
			<td style="width:339px;">Digital microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="66">
			<td height="66" style="height:66px;width:216px;">RSA-G2 Solids Analyzer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">TA Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;">Dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer used in transient tensile mode with Film Tension Clamp Accesory&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:216px;">Vertex 80</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Bruker Optics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:339px;">Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer used to analyze results of washing protocol, equipped with mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:216px;">Durascope</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Smiths Detection</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:339px;">Attenuated total reflectance accessory used to perform FTIR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Torque hex-end wrench</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">M.H.H. Engineering</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Quickset Minor</td>
			<td>Torque wrench</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">J.T. Baker</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9093-02</td>
			<td>methanol solvent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Acetone</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A185-4</td>
			<td>acetone solvent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cyanoacrylate</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Loctite</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Super glue&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FEI Helios 660 Dual Beam FIB/SEM</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">FEI Helios</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Scanning electron microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Denton Desktop sputter coater&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:83px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>sputter coater</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">25 mm O.D. stainless steel washers with a 6.25 mm hole</td>
			<td style="width:83px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;">25 mm O.D. stainless steel washers with a 6.25 mm hole</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Silver behenate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:83px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) standard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="126">
			<td height="126" style="height:126px;width:216px;">Xenocs Xeuss SAXS/WAXS small angle X-ray scattering system</td>
			<td style="width:83px;">Xenocs Xeuss</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:339px;">SAXS/WAXS small angle X-ray scattering system equipped with an X-ray video-rate imager for SAXS analysis with a minimum Q = 0.0045 &#197;-1, detector separate X-ray video-rate imager for WAXS analysis (up to about 45&#176; 2&#952;) sample holder chamber.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fit 2D software</td>
			<td style="width:83px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Software to analyze WAXS data</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

disentangling high strength copolymer aramid fibers to enable the determination of their mechanical properties

传统上, 软体装甲是由聚苯terephthalamide (PPTA) 和超高分子量聚乙烯制成的。然而, 为了使美国防弹衣市场的纤维选择多样化, 本文介绍了基于 5-氨基-2 (对氨基苯基) 苯并咪唑 (PBIA) 和较常规 PPTA 的共聚纤维。人们对这些纤维的长期稳定性知之甚少, 但作为凝结聚合物, 他们预计对湿气和湿度有潜在的敏感性。因此, 描述材料的强度并了解它们对环境条件的脆弱性, 对于评估其在安全应用中的使用寿命非常重要。这些纤维的弹道阻力和其他临界结构特性取决于它们的强度。为了准确确定单个纤维的强度, 有必要在不引入任何损伤的情况下将它们从纱线中解开。本文选取了三芳纶为基础的共聚物纤维。用丙酮冲洗纤维, 然后用甲醇将每个纱束中的单个纤维的有机涂层除去。这种涂层使得在不损害纤维和影响其强度的情况下, 将单个纤维从纱线束中分离出来很难进行机械测试。清洗后, 对水洗和未清洗的样品进行傅里叶变换红外光谱分析, 并对结果进行比较。实验表明, 在洗涤后, 聚 (对苯并咪唑-terephthalamide-terephthalamide) (PBIA-co-PPTA1) 和 PBIA-co-PPTA3 的光谱没有显著的变化, 而在强度为 PBIA。这表明丙酮和甲醇漂洗不会对纤维产生负面影响, 并导致化学降解。此外, 对水洗纤维进行单纤维拉伸试验, 以表征其初始抗拉强度和应变, 并与其他报告值进行比较。迭代过程的发展是必要的, 以找到一个成功的方法来执行拉伸测试这些纤维。

这里研究的共聚芳纶纤维很难从纱线束分离成单个纤维进行测试。纤维被纠缠和涂层的处理化学品, 使它们很难分离, 而不损害纤维。图 3显示了纱线内纤维的结构形态。即使是较大束的一部分, 纤维表面也显示出很大的粗糙度和泪水, 这很可能是由于对相邻纤维的强烈附着力造成的。在以前的工作由麦克唐纳4, et等, 水被用来?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties at JoVE.com

Disentangling High Strength Copolymer Aramid Fibers to Enable the Determination of Their Mechanical Properties

解析高强共聚物芳纶纤维使其力学性能的测定

该研究的主要目的是制定一个协议, 以准备一致的标本, 以精确的机械测试的高强度共聚芳纶纤维, 去除涂层和解析的个别纤维链没有引入重要的化学或物理降解。

Traditionally, soft body armor has been made from poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene. However, to ...

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