Name: a silver nanoparticle method for ameliorating biliary atresia syndrome in mice
Uploaded: 2018-10-13T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Silver Nanoparticle Method for Ameliorating Biliary Atresia Syndrome in Mice at JoVE.com

这里使用的 AgNPs 是香港大学化学系 c.m. 的礼物。这项工作由中国国家自然科学基金 (no. 81600399) 和广州科技项目 (no. 201707010014) 资助。

所有动物实验规程均已由中山大学动物中心 (#IACUC DB-16-0602) 的机构畜牧护理和使用委员会批准。
1. 建立胆道闭锁小鼠模型
<ol><li>保持怀孕的 BALB 小鼠在一个特定的无病原环境下的12小时黑暗/光循环在25摄氏度下, 使用蒸压的周广告随意。</li>
	<li>要准备 RRV 菌株 MMU 18006, 放大 MA104 细胞中的病毒, 并通过斑块测定19测定病毒滴度。 注: MA104 细胞在杜尔?...

<ol>
	<li>Szavay, P. O., Leonhardt, J., Czechschmidt, G., Petersen, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+reovirus+type+3+infection+in+an+established+murine+model+for+biliary+atresia.">The role of reovirus type 3 infection in an established murine model for biliary atresia.</a> European Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 12 (04), 248-250 (2002).</li><li>Coots, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rotavirus+infection+of+human+cholangiocytes+parallels+the+murine+model+of+biliary+atresia.">Rotavirus infection of human cholangiocytes parallels the murine model of biliary atresia.</a> Journal of Surgical Research. 177 (2), 275-281 (2012).</li><li>Shanmugam, N. P., Jayanthi, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biliary+atresia+with+cytomegalovirus.">Biliary atresia with cytomegalovirus.</a> Indian Pediatrics. 49 (2), 157 (2012).</li><li>Mack, C. L., Feldman, A. G., Sokol, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clues+to+the+Etiology+of+Bile+Duct+Injuryin+Biliary+Atresia.">Clues to the Etiology of Bile Duct Injuryin Biliary Atresia.</a> Seminars in Liver Disease. 32, 307-316 (2012).</li><li>Muraji, T., Suskind, D. L., Irie, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biliary+atresia:+a+new+immunological+insight+into+etiopathogenesis.">Biliary atresia: a new immunological insight into etiopathogenesis.</a> Expert Review of Gastroenterology &amp; Hepatology. 3 (6), 599-606 (2009).</li><li>Sokol, R. J., Mack, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Etiopathogenesis+of+Biliary+Artesia.">Etiopathogenesis of Biliary Artesia.</a> Seminars in Liver Disease. 21, 517-524 (2001).</li><li>Shivakumar, P., Sabla, G. E., Whitington, P., Chougnet, C. A., Bezerra, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neonatal+NK+cells+target+the+mouse+duct+epithelium+via+Nkg2d+and+drive+tissue-specific+injury+in+experimental+biliary+atresia.">Neonatal NK cells target the mouse duct epithelium via Nkg2d and drive tissue-specific injury in experimental biliary atresia.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. 119 (8), 2281-2290 (2009).</li><li>Mack, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oligoclonal+expansions+of+CD4++and+CD8++T-cells+in+the+target+organ+of+patients+with+biliary+atresia.">Oligoclonal expansions of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in the target organ of patients with biliary atresia.</a> Gastroenterology. 133 (1), 278-287 (2007).</li><li>Shivakumar, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effector+Role+of+Neonatal+Hepatic+CD8+++Lymphocytes+in+Epithelial+Injury+and+Autoimmunity+in+Experimental+Biliary+Atresia.">Effector Role of Neonatal Hepatic CD8 + Lymphocytes in Epithelial Injury and Autoimmunity in Experimental Biliary Atresia.</a> Gastroenterology. 133 (1), 268-277 (2007).</li><li>Saxena, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dendritic+Cells+Regulate+Natural+Killer+Cell+Activation+and+Epithelial+Injury+in+Experimental+Biliary+Atresia.">Dendritic Cells Regulate Natural Killer Cell Activation and Epithelial Injury in Experimental Biliary Atresia.</a> Science Translational Medicine. 3 (102), (2011).</li><li>Miethke, A. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-natal+paucity+of+regulatory+T+cells+and+control+of+NK+cell+activation+in+experimental+biliary+atresia.">Post-natal paucity of regulatory T cells and control of NK cell activation in experimental biliary atresia.</a> Journal of Hepatology. 52 (5), 718-726 (2010).</li><li>Tian, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Topical+delivery+of+silver+nanoparticles+promotes+wound+healing.">Topical delivery of silver nanoparticles promotes wound healing.</a> ChemMedChem. 2 (1), 129-136 (2010).</li><li>Lu, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silver+nanoparticles+inhibit+hepatitis+B+virus+replication.">Silver nanoparticles inhibit hepatitis B virus replication.</a> Antiviral Therapy. 13 (2), 253-262 (2008).</li><li>Xiang, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+A/Human/Hubei/3/2005+(H3N2)+influenza+virus+infection+by+silver+nanoparticles+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.">Inhibition of A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) influenza virus infection by silver nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo.</a> International Journal of Nanomedicine. 8 (Issue 1), 4103-4114 (2013).</li><li>Elechiguerra, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+of+silver+nanoparticles+with+HIV-1.">Interaction of silver nanoparticles with HIV-1.</a> Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 3 (1), 1-10 (2005).</li><li>Nallanthighal, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+effects+of+silver+nanoparticles+on+DNA+damage+and+DNA+repair+gene+expression+in+Ogg1-deficient+and+wild+type+mice.">Differential effects of silver nanoparticles on DNA damage and DNA repair gene expression in Ogg1-deficient and wild type mice.</a> Nanotoxicology. 11 (8), 1-16 (2017).</li><li>Wen, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+toxicity+and+genotoxicity+of+silver+nanoparticle+in+rats.">Acute toxicity and genotoxicity of silver nanoparticle in rats.</a> PLoS One. 12 (9), e0185554 (2017).</li><li>Zhang, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silver+nanoparticle+treatment+ameliorates+biliary+atresia+syndrome+in+rhesus+rotavirus+inoculated+mice.">Silver nanoparticle treatment ameliorates biliary atresia syndrome in rhesus rotavirus inoculated mice.</a> Nanomedicine. 13 (3), 1041-1050 (2017).</li><li>Arnold, M., Patton, J. T., McDonald, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Culturing,+Storage,+and+Quantification+of+Rotaviruses.">Culturing, Storage, and Quantification of Rotaviruses.</a> Current Protocols in Microbiology. , (2009).</li><li>Liu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silver+nanoparticles+mediate+differential+responses+in+keratinocytes+and+fibroblasts+during+skin+wound+healing.">Silver nanoparticles mediate differential responses in keratinocytes and fibroblasts during skin wound healing.</a> ChemMedChem. 5 (3), 468-475 (2010).</li><li>Zhang, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Silver+nanoparticles+promote+osteogenesis+of+mesenchymal+stem+cells+and+improve+bone+fracture+healing+in+osteogenesis+mechanism+mouse+model.">Silver nanoparticles promote osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells and improve bone fracture healing in osteogenesis mechanism mouse model.</a> Nanomedicine. 11 (8), 1949-1959 (2015).</li><li>Wu, J., Hou, S., Ren, D., Mather, P. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antimicrobial+properties+of+nanostructured+hydrogel+webs+containing+silver.">Antimicrobial properties of nanostructured hydrogel webs containing silver.</a> Biomacromolecules. 10 (9), 2686-2693 (2009).</li><li>Xu, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genotoxicity+and+molecular+response+of+silver+nanoparticle+(NP)-based+hydrogel.">Genotoxicity and molecular response of silver nanoparticle (NP)-based hydrogel.</a> Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 10 (1), 16 (2012).</li><li>Dobrzy&#324;ska, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genotoxicity+of+silver+and+titanium+dioxide+nanoparticles+in+bone+marrow+cells+of+rats+in+vivo.">Genotoxicity of silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticles in bone marrow cells of rats in vivo.</a> Toxicology. 315 (1), 86-91 (2014).</li><li>Mohamed, H. R. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estimation+of+TiO+2+nanoparticle-induced+genotoxicity+persistence+and+possible+chronic+gastritis-induction+in+mice.">Estimation of TiO 2 nanoparticle-induced genotoxicity persistence and possible chronic gastritis-induction in mice.</a> Food &amp; Chemical Toxicology. 83 (9), 76-83 (2015).</li></ol>

AgNPs 表现出较强的广谱抗菌性能和强渗透率22;此外, 它们还用于生产一系列抗菌医疗产品23。然而, AgNPs 可能需要很长的时间来清除, 一旦他们积聚在器官, 这种持久性可能导致毒性作用24,25。在一项大鼠实验中, 对 AgNPs 的急性毒性和遗传毒性进行了研究, 结果表明 AgNPs 可引起急性肝肾损伤。AgNPs 在主要免疫系统器官中?...

BA 是一种以持续性黄疸为特征的胆汁淤积的形式, 在没有肝移植的情况下死亡率较高。病毒感染与 BA 的发病机制密切相关。巨细胞病毒、呼肠病毒和轮状病毒都被认为是 BA1、2、3的病原体。在新生儿期, 未成熟的免疫系统对病毒感染的反应导致免疫失调对肝内胆管的影响, 导致胆道上皮细胞凋亡, 门内炎性细胞浸润区, 肝内和肝外胆管梗阻, 最后, 肝纤维化4,5,6。
BA 研究中常用的动物模型涉及使用恒河轮状病毒 (RRV) 接种新生鼠。小鼠通常在 5-6 天后发展黄疸, 显示低体重和 acholic 凳子。免疫反应在疾病过程中的作用是至关重要的, 特别是对于自然杀伤性细胞;这些细胞与 anti-NKG2D 抗体的耗尽极大地减少了 BA 引起的伤害7。此外, 其他细胞, 包括 CD4+ t 细胞, CD8+ t 细胞, 树突状细胞和调节 T 细胞, 都已被证明在疾病8,9,10,11发挥作用。所有数据都表明了免疫系统在 BA 过程中的不可缺少的性质。
银纳米颗粒 (AgNPs) 已被证明对某些传染性疾病有有益的效果, 包括细菌感染12和病毒感染 13,14,15。然而, 除了皮肤病的使用, 很少有研究使用 AgNPs 在临床治疗, 主要是因为他们的潜在毒性。在动物实验中, 研究人员通常通过口服16或静脉注射方法来研究 AgNPs 的功效17。然而, 没有其他研究人员研究过腹腔 (AgNPs) 注射液对新生儿小鼠实验的疗效, 这是一种简单而快速的方法, 可直接影响肝脏和胆管, 同时减少对其他系统的毒性, 如免疫系统。AgNPs 已显示影响 NK 细胞活性18;因此, 我们测试了 AgNPs 在 BA 小鼠模型中通过ip 注射治疗的效果。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>BALB/c mouse</td>
			<td>Guangdong Medical Experimental Animal Center</td>
			<td>SYXK2017-0174</td>
			<td>Animal experiment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rhesus rotavirus (RRV)</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>ATCC&#160;VR-1739</td>
			<td>Establish biliary atresia mouse model</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MA104 cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>ATCC&#160;CRL-2378.1</td>
			<td>For laboratory use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>10569010</td>
			<td>Mammalian Cell Culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>10099141</td>
			<td>Mammalian Cell Culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>collagen Type I</td>
			<td>CORNING</td>
			<td>354236</td>
			<td>For research use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS buffer</td>
			<td>OXOID</td>
			<td>BR0014G</td>
			<td>For washing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaOH</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>1310-73-2</td>
			<td>Adjust the PH value</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AgNP</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Antibacterial 
			Note: The AgNps was a gift from Prof CM Che. in the Department of Chemistry, the University of Hong Kong.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin syringe with integrated needle</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>9161635S</td>
			<td>For medical use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15-mL Centrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430791</td>
			<td>For laboratory use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5-mL Microcentrifuge Tube</td>
			<td>GEB</td>
			<td>CT0200-B-N</td>
			<td>For laboratory use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>ECLIPSE-Ci</td>
			<td>For laboratory use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting/Intravital microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ 1000</td>
			<td>For laboratory use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-Mouse NKp46 FITC</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-3351</td>
			<td>For research use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-Mouse CD4 PE-Cyanine5</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>15-0041</td>
			<td>For research use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Monoclonal Mouse Anti-Human CD4</td>
			<td>DAKO</td>
			<td>20001673</td>
			<td>For research use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-NKG2D</td>
			<td>RD</td>
			<td>MAB1547</td>
			<td>For research use only</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BD FACSCanto Flow Cytometer</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>FACS Canto Plus</td>
			<td>For laboratory use only</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a silver nanoparticle method for ameliorating biliary atresia syndrome in mice

胆道闭锁 (BA) 是一种严重的胆管炎, 儿童死亡率高, 病因仍未完全了解。病毒感染可能是一个可能的原因。用恒河轮状病毒接种新生鼠, 建立了研究 BA 的典型动物模型。银纳米颗粒已被证明发挥抗菌和抗病毒作用;本研究对其在 BA 小鼠模型中的作用进行了评价。目前, 在 ba 动物实验中, 用于改善 ba 小鼠症状的方法通常是通过食物或其他药物提供的对症治疗。本研究旨在通过腹腔注射银纳米颗粒, 为改善小鼠 BA 综合征提供一种新的方法, 并为制备银纳米颗粒凝胶配方提出详细的方法。该方法简便, 应用广泛, 可用于研究 BA 的机理及临床治疗。基于 BA 小鼠模型, 当小鼠表现出黄疸时, 制备的银纳米颗粒凝胶被注射腹腔到下肝表面。观察了生存状态, 并对生化指标和肝脏组织病理学进行了研究。这种方法可以更直观地了解 ba 模型的建立和新的 ba 处理。

在建立了 BA 小鼠模型的基础上, 对受感染的新生小鼠进行了 AgNP 胶原蛋白混合物的2x 注射, 显示黄疸。每日检查小鼠存活率, 进行肝功能检查、肝病理学和流式细胞术。与未经治疗的对照 BA 小鼠相比, AgNP 治疗的小鼠黄疸减少, 维持正常体重 (图 3)。胆红素代谢和肝转氨酶水平下降到正常控制值, 表明 AgNPs 大大改善肝功能 (表 1)。肝外胆管?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Silver Nanoparticle Method for Ameliorating Biliary Atresia Syndrome in Mice at JoVE.com

A Silver Nanoparticle Method for Ameliorating Biliary Atresia Syndrome in Mice

银纳米粒子法改善小鼠胆道闭锁综合征

本文详细介绍了一种基于银纳米颗粒改善胆道闭锁综合征的实验性胆道闭锁小鼠模型的方法。对试剂制备过程和新生儿小鼠注射技术的深入了解将有助于使研究人员熟悉新生儿模型研究中使用的方法。

Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe type of cholangitis with high mortality in children of which the etiology is still not fully understood. Viral infections ...

这些方法可以帮助回答胆道间体症中的关键问题。BA对疾病、发病机制和治疗的看法。该技术的主要优点是，新生儿小鼠注射技术将有助于研究人员熟悉其他新生儿小鼠模型研究的方法。该技术的影响延伸到BA的治疗作为几个纳米粒子的意义虽然这种方法可以提供对BA治疗的洞察力，它也可以应用于其他系统，如新生儿小鼠模型的发病机制这一般的方式，这种方法将因为小尺寸的新生儿小鼠可以导致注射过程的建立。为了在小鼠模型中建立胆道动脉瘤，将恒河罗托病毒加载到装有29量针的1毫升胰岛素注射器中，并在出生后24小时内将Dulbecco"修改鹰"的20微升中第5个斑块形成细胞的1.2倍至第5个斑块形成单位的病毒。然后将新生儿返回给母亲进行日常监测和称重。当新生儿动物开始出现黄斑迹象时，装上一毫升注射器，用29粒针，每只动物用50微升新准备的银纳米粒子胶原液溶液，用无名指将一只黄斑动物的腿斜按在右大腿上。慢慢地将针以15度角引入内膜，到达肝脏下边缘的表面时，注射银纳米粒子胶原蛋白混合物。当所有混合物都注射后，慢慢取出针头，让动物休息十分钟，让胶原蛋白凝固，防止母亲舔注射部位。然后将小鼠返回到笼子进行日常监测。在接种后的第九天或第十二天，用75%乙醇对上腹部和下腹部进行消毒，并固定受感染小鼠的四肢。沿中线打开皮肤、肌肉和内皮，使用无菌棉签去除胃肠道，完全暴露膜片。将卸载的一毫升胰岛素注射器的针头插入心脏的左心室，然后缓慢缩回注射器柱塞以获得最大血量。将血液转移到1.5毫升管中，在室温下孵育30分钟，通过离心使红血球产生颗粒。然后收集血清，供以后分析。对于肝外胆管术，使用棉签充分暴露肝脏、胆囊和肝外胆管。在解剖显微镜下拍摄肝脏和胆管的外观后，使用眼膜钳轻轻抓住胆囊底部，并缓慢地将装有甲基蓝溶液的一毫升注射器的针头插入胆囊腔。用钳子抓住针头，慢慢注入10-20微升的甲基蓝。当染料通过肝外胆管进入杰朱努姆时，获取另一张组织的照片。然后对于赤氧素和 eosin 染色，从每种动物中收获肝脏，在 10% 的甲醛中过夜固定。第二天早上，将样品嵌入石蜡中进行分段，然后根据标准组织病理学分析方案，用乙醇系列和血氧素和 eosin 染色去蜡再水化。与未经治疗的胆汁闭塞小鼠相比，银纳米颗粒处理动物表现出减少黄斑并保持正常体重。胆红素代谢水平和肝转亚酶水平下降到正常控制值，表明银纳米粒子大大改善肝功能。与银纳米粒子处理后，用甲基蓝色染色的异肝胆管学证实胆管具有抗性，H&E染色显示，与对控组相比，用银纳米粒子治疗的小鼠的肝入口区域炎症细胞渗透显著减少。流位和公制分析表明，与未经治疗的恒河轮状病毒感染小鼠相比，银纳米粒子治疗动物肝脏中的NK细胞明显减少。与恒河轮状病毒感染动物相比，进一步免疫组织化学染色表明，在银纳米粒子处理小鼠的门户三合会中，NK细胞标记染色的表达大幅减少。在尝试此过程时，重要的是要记住，练习将获得最佳效果。按照这个程序，如结合银纳米粒子与其他的东西的方法可以执行，以回答有关在小鼠模型中BA治疗BA的病变活性的其他问题。就是发展。这项技术为胃肠病学领域的研究人员提供了一条治疗BA或其他疾病（如肝脏胆结）的方法。不要忘记，使用研究轮状病毒可能极其危险，因此在执行此程序时应始终采取预防措施，例如佩戴适当的个人防护设备。

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice

Using Bioluminescent Imaging to Investigate Synergism Between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus in Infant Mice

利用生物发光成像之间调查的协同作用肺炎链球菌 A型流感病毒的婴儿小鼠

During the 1918 influenza virus pandemic, which killed approximately 50 million people worldwide, the majority of fatalities were not the result of ...

科研

免疫与感染

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

V3的HIV - 1取向的基因型推理使用人口为基础的测序

Background: Prior to receiving a drug from CCR5-antagonist class in HIV therapy, a patient must undergo an HIV tropism test to confirm that his or her ...

Using Luciferase to Image Bacterial Infections in Mice

用荧光素酶在小鼠细菌性感染的形象

Imaging is a valuable technique that can be used to monitor biological processes.  In particular, the presence of cancer cells, stem cells, specific ...

A Method for Labeling Vasculature in Embryonic Mice

标签胚胎小鼠血管的方法

The establishment of a functional blood vessel network is an essential part of organogenesis, and is required for optimal organ function. For example, in ...

4D Multimodality Imaging of Citrobacter rodentium Infections in Mice

4D Multimodality Imaging of Citrobacter rodentium Infections in Mice

4D多模态成像<em&gt;柠檬酸rodentium</em在小鼠感染

This protocol outlines the steps required to  longitudinally monitor a bioluminescent bacterial infection using composite 3D diffuse light imaging ...

Kupffer Cell Isolation for Nanoparticle Toxicity Testing

枯否细胞分离的纳米粒子毒性测试

The large majority of in vitro nanotoxicological studies have used immortalized cell lines for their practicality. However, results from nanoparticle ...

A Non-invasive and Technically Non-intensive Method for Induction and Phenotyping of Experimental Bacterial Pneumonia in Mice

在小鼠实验为细菌性肺炎的诱导和表型非侵入性和技术上非密集型方法

Although community-acquired pneumonia remains a major public health problem, murine models of bacterial pneumonia have recently facilitated significant ...

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

诱导麻痹及视觉系统损伤小鼠 T 细胞特异的视神经脊髓炎抗原水通道蛋白-4

While it is recognized that aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells and antibodies participate in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a human ...

A Method for the Measurement of Salivary Gland Function in Mice

小鼠涎腺功能的测定方法

Patients with Sj&#246;gren&#39;s syndrome, an autoimmune disease affecting the exocrine glands, develop salivary gland inflammation and have reduced ...

Deep Vein Thrombosis Induced by Stasis in Mice Monitored by High Frequency Ultrasonography

高频超声监测小鼠瘀血致深静脉血栓形成

Venous thrombosis is a common condition affecting 1 - 2% of the population, with an annual incidence of 1 in 500. Venous thrombosis can lead to death ...