Name: design and fabrication of an optical fiber made of water
Uploaded: 2018-11-08T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了以色列科学、技术和空间部的支持;icore: 以色列卓越中心 "光圈" 赠款第1802/12号, 由以色列科学基金会赠款2012号。作者感谢卡伦·阿迪·坦库斯 (kat) 的有益编辑。

注意: 此实验涉及高电压。在打开高压之前, 读者有责任与安全部门核实他们的实验是否符合规定。
注: 任何一种极性液体都可以用来生产液体纤维, 如乙醇、甲醇、丙酮或水。液体的极性决定了所创造的纤维23,24的稳定性和直径。为获得最佳效果, 请使用电阻为 18 mω的去离子水。在选择光纤和光源等光学元件之前, 请查阅文献, 以确?...

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总之, 这种技术的主要优点和独特性是创建了一种光纤, 它承载着三种不同的波: 毛细管、声学和光学。这三个波在不同的状态下都振荡, 为多波探测器打开了可能性。例如, 空气中的纳米粒子会影响液体的表面张力。在目前阶段, 已经有可能通过毛细管特征频率的变化来监测表面张力的变化。此外, 水墙设备的柔软度是固体设备的百万倍, 从而提高了传感器的灵敏度。
根据这种?...

自2009年获得诺贝尔奖以来, 光纤在通信领域取得了突破, 一系列基于光纤的应用也随之增长。如今, 纤维是激光手术2以及相干 x 射线代3,4, 导声5和超连续体 6的必需品。当然, 对光纤的研究从利用固体转化为用于光波导引的液体扩大到液体中, 在这种情况下, 充满液体的微通道和层流将液体的传输特性与光学的优势结合在一起。审讯7,8,9。然而, 这些装置夹住固体之间的液体, 因此, 禁止它表达自己的波特性, 被称为毛细管波。
毛细管波, 类似于那些看到扔石头到池塘时, 是一个重要的波在自然界中。然而, 由于在不通过通道或固体抑制液体表面的情况下控制液体的障碍, 它们几乎无法用于检测或应用。相反, 该协议中提供的设备没有坚实的边界;它被空气包围并流动, 因此允许毛细管波发展、传播和与光相互作用。
要制造水纤维, 必须回到 1893年首次报道的浮水桥技术, 在这种技术中, 两个充满蒸馏水并连接到高压源的烧杯将形成流体状的水线状他们之间的连接11。水桥的长度可以达到3厘米12或薄到20纳米13。至于物理来源, 已经证明, 表面张力以及介电力都是承载大桥重量14、15、16 的原因。为了激活水桥作为水纤维, 我们将光线与一个绝热锥形的硅纤维17,18和一个硅纤维纤维 19.这种器件可以承载声波、毛细管和光波, 有利于多波探测器和芯片上的实验室 20、21、22的应用。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1035">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Deioniyzed Water&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td align="left" style="width:167px;">18MOhm resistance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Micropipettes, Borosilicate Glass, round, inner diameter 850 micron</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Produstrial.com</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">#133260</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Micropipettes, Borosilicate Glass, round, inner diameter 150 micron</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Produstrial.com</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">#133258</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">High voltage, low current source, 3kV with 5 mA.</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Bertan</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">Model 215</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">High voltage, low current source,&#160; 8 kV with 0.25 mA.</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Home build</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;">Optical fiber</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Corning</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">HI 780 C</td>
			<td align="left">5 meter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;">Optical fiber</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">FTO 30</td>
			<td align="left">5 meter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;">Optical fiber</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">FTO 30</td>
			<td align="left">5 meter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Fiber coupled laser</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">FIS</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">SMF 28E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Photoreceiver</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">New Port/ New Focus</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">1801-FS</td>
			<td align="left">with fiber connection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;">Oscilloscope</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">DSO-X 3034A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td align="left" height="21" style="height:21px;">2 Degree of freedom tilt stagestage</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">New Port/ New Focus</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">M-562F-TILT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">3Degree of freedom linear micro translation stage&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">New Port/ New Focus</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">M-562F-XYZ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">A set of magnets</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Objective 5X</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Mitutoyo&#160;</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">MY5X-802</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Objective 20 x</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Mitutoyo&#160;</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">MY20X-804</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Zoom</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Navitar</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">12x Zoom</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:497px;">Microscope tube</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Navitar</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">1-6015 standard tube</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Isopropanol</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">67-63-0</td>
			<td align="left">Spec Grad</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">2 x Bare Fiber holder</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">T711-250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">2 x Translational Stage</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">DT12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Block of PMMA for fabricating the water reservoir and pipette holder</td>
			<td style="width:252px;"></td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td align="left">150 x 60 x 10 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">PTFE-Tape</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">Gufero</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">240453</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:497px;">Fiber coupled, cw Laser Light Source</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:252px;">New Port/ New Focus</td>
			<td align="left" style="width:119px;">TLB-6712</td>
			<td align="left">765-781 nm</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

design and fabrication of an optical fiber made of water

在本报告中, 设计和制造了一种光纤, 其核心完全是水, 而包层是空气。与固体包覆装置相比, 毛细管振荡不受限制, 使纤维壁能够移动和振动。该纤维是由两个水库之间几千伏特 (kv) 的高直流电 (dc) 电压构成的, 它产生了一条浮水线, 称为水桥。通过选择微管, 可以控制纤维的最大直径和长度。在桥的两侧, 光纤耦合器将其激活为光波导, 使研究人员能够通过传输调制来监测水纤维毛细管体波, 从而推断表面张力的变化。
共同限制毛细管和电磁两种重要的波类型, 为光与液壁器件相互作用的研究开辟了新的路径。水墙微设备比固体微设备柔软一百万倍, 从而提高了对微小力的反应。

水纤维与高多模光纤的耦合效率可高达 54%25,26.单模光纤的耦合效率高达 12%25,26.水纤维的直径可以像1.6 微米一样薄, 长度可以是 46μm (图 3)25, 26, 也可以长度达1.064 毫米, 直径为 41μm (图 3)<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water at JoVE.com

Design and Fabrication of an Optical Fiber Made of Water

一种水上光纤的设计与制造

该协议描述了水桥的设计和制造及其作为水纤维的活化。实验表明, 水纤维的毛细管共振调节了其光传输。

In this report, an optical fiber of which the core is made solely of water, while the cladding is air, is designed and manufactured. In contrast with ...

该方法描述水桥的创建及其驱动为水纤维。水纤维没有多云物质，在空气中自由漂浮。水纤维的意义是，它共同作用于毛细管和电磁波，从而为研究光井和液体井装置之间的相互作用开辟了一个新的游乐场。获取两个 PMMA 板以进行储液罐。将每个板切割到相同大小，并在三角形图案中在每个板的一侧钻孔。空腔直径应为7毫米，深应为8毫米。将连接器磁铁粘附到每个板的所有腔中。完成后，将板翻过来，使磁铁位于底部。接下来，为每个板创建一个移液器夹。对于夹子，切割一块 PMMA 并粘合两块磁铁以匹配储液罐的磁铁。通过将磁铁包裹在金属箔中，为每个板制作一个电气连接器。用酒精和去压水彻底清洁每个储液罐上的所有区域和接头。用氮气吹干表面。用 PTFE 胶带盖住储水箱和所有夹紧，以避免泄漏。现在，在五度自由度微定位级上安装一个储层。对于成像，将两个储液罐置于光学显微镜下，具有远场目标。在每个储层后面，在线性平移阶段设置光纤夹。获取用于制造锥形对子的单模光纤。此外，为实验选择微管。使用光纤脱光板来暴露 10 到 15 毫米的裸光纤。清洁纤维的剥离端后，通过微管螺纹。接下来，将光纤到锥形站。安排以百分之六百毫米/秒的速度从两侧拉取光纤段。拉拔时，使用氢火焰将光纤锥度低于单模式标准。关闭火焰，然后小心地增加纤维的张力，直到其最薄的位置断裂。用作光学对线使用的斜率应小于 20。现在，转向制造光纤镜头对对。这需要 1，550 个动画器单模光纤和外露尖端以及为实验选择的第二个微管。通过微管将清洁过的纤维尖端穿过。接下来，将光纤到电聚变拼接器，将外露尖端放在内部。加热尖端，直到玻璃纤维端变成液体。在玻璃变成液体并形成圆形后停止，玻璃纤维透镜。此时，组装设备的元素。从定位阶段的储液罐开始。将微管与 1，550 动画纤维放置，因此一端位于储层区域。用 PMMA 夹具固定它。确保玻璃纤维透镜在显微镜下。将光纤的另一端耦合到功率计并夹紧到线性转换阶段。在其他储液罐上，将微管和锥形纤维与锥形端夹在显微镜下。其另一端还应夹紧到线性平移阶段，并耦合到 780 纳米连续波激光器。现在，用去化的水填满水库。每个储液罐可以容纳 100 到 300 微升。确保其中任一微管中无气泡。调整微定位器，在微管之间建立流体接触。此图像提供了流体接触的示例。确认联系人后继续。进一步调整光纤和微定位器，实现激光的传输。通过将纤维对对板插入水纤维中来做到这一点。对齐系统并不像看上去那么简单。水纤维和情侣不互相吸引。为了达到良好的传输，需要用力将对对机推入水纤维中。对于电气连接，将磁性连接器放在每个储液罐上。它们应具有磁性固定，其铝箔应具有鳄鱼夹。使用电缆将夹具连接到高压源的端子。一旦一切准备就绪，慢慢增加电压。调整微定位阶段，慢慢增加微管之间的距离。接下来，进行功率测量以确定耦合效率，然后断开功率计。在其位置，将照片接收器连接到输出光纤对子。在示波器上显示照片接收器的输出。记录传输光的时间跟踪测量，该测量值表示毛细管水纤维振荡。使用顶视图显微镜设置来描述水纤维的几何形状。用这种方法生产的纤维可以长到一毫米，直径约40微米。它们的长度也可以是大约50微米，直径约为1.5微米。这种荧光染料测量确认光通过水纤维体积传输。另一项测量表明，由于水纤维液相边界处的毛细管波，表面散射。该技术的含义扩展到多波探测器。电流探测器利用一种波。水纤维承载三种不同类型的波，毛细管，声学和光学，可以交换能量和相互询问。在尝试此过程时，必须记住注意光学对合器的制造。此外，运行实验涉及打破或损坏锥形光纤对子的风险，机械或通过电拱。一般来说，由于高电水电阻率对于这个实验至关重要，因此对这种方法的新鲜人会进行斗争。即使是液体中的少量离子也会导致水桥坍塌。不要忘记，使用高压和高功率激光灯可能非常危险，执行此过程时应始终采取预防措施，如适当的电气接地和眼睛保护。

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Fabricating Metamaterials Using the Fiber Drawing Method

制造超材料使用光纤拉丝法

Metamaterials are man-made composite materials, fabricated by assembling components much smaller than the wavelength at which they operate 1. They owe ...

科研

工程学

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

电浆光电导太赫兹发射器的设计，制造和实验表征

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on ...

Fabrication and Characterization of Disordered Polymer Optical Fibers for Transverse Anderson Localization of Light

无序横向安德森本地化光聚合物光纤的制备和表征

We develop and characterize a disordered polymer optical fiber that uses transverse Anderson localization as a novel waveguiding mechanism. The developed ...

Patterning via Optical Saturable Transitions - Fabrication and Characterization

通过光学吸收跃迁图案 - 制备与表征

This protocol describes the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures using a novel nanolithographic technique called Patterning via Optical ...

Fabrication and Operation of a Nano-Optical Conveyor Belt

一个纳米光输送带的制作和操作

The technique of using focused laser beams to trap and exert forces on small particles has enabled many pivotal discoveries in the nanoscale biological ...

Fabrication of Polymer Microspheres for Optical Resonator and Laser Applications

用于光学谐振器和激光应用的聚合物微球的制造

This paper describes three methods of preparing fluorescent microspheres comprising &#960;-conjugated or non-conjugated polymers: vapor diffusion, ...

Fabrication of an Optical Cell Dryer for the Spectroscopic Analysis Cells

光谱分析细胞光学细胞干燥机的研制

Optical cells, which are experimental instruments, are small, square tubes sealed on one side. A sample is placed in this tube, and a measurement is ...

Low-cost Custom Fabrication and Mode-locked Operation of an All-normal-dispersion Femtosecond Fiber Laser for Multiphoton Microscopy

用于多光子显微镜的全正常分散飞秒光纤激光器的低成本定制制造和模式锁定操作

A protocol is presented to build a custom low-cost yet high-performance femtosecond (fs) fiber laser. This all-normal-dispersion (ANDi) ytterbium-doped ...

Fabrication and Design of Wood-Based High-Performance Composites

基于木材的高性能复合材料的制造与设计

Delignified densified wood is a new promising and sustainable material that possesses the potential to replace synthetic materials, such as glass fiber ...

Measurement of Chladni Mode Shapes with an Optical Lever Method

使用光学杠杆方法测量克拉德尼模式形状

Quantitatively determining the Chladni pattern of an elastic plate is of great interest in both physical science and engineering applications. In this ...