Name: three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly
Uploaded: 2018-11-01T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

الكتاب نعترف بتمويل من "الوطنية الطبيعية مؤسسة العلوم الصينية" (رقم 81771971)، شانغهاي بوجيانج البرنامج (رقم 14PJD008 و 17PJ1401500)، "تشن قوانغ" المشروع بدعم من لجنة التعليم ببلدية شانغهاي والتعليم شانغهاي مؤسسة التنمية (14 رقم CG 06)، مؤسسة العلوم الطبيعية من شنغهاي (رقم 17411962800 و 17ZR1432900)، والعلوم والتكنولوجيا لجنة بلدية شانغهاي (17JC1400200). تسلم W.Z. بتمويل من الوطنية العلوم الطبيعية مؤسسة في الصين (31501555 و 81772007 و 21734003)، برنامج المواهب الشابة 1000 في الصين، ولجنة التعليم ببلدية شانغهاي (جائزة الأستاذية الشاب الشرقي)، والعلوم و التكنولوجيا لجنة بلدية شانغهاي (17JC1400200 و 16391903900).

تمت الموافقة على الدراسة الحالية لجنة الأخلاقيات التابعة لجامعة فودان مستشفى تشونغشان (B2016-142R) وجميع المشاركين أعطت موافقتها المستنيرة.
1-تشخيص للحالة الشاذة الابهري بالأعراض، والحصول على بيانات التصوير
<ol><li>تحديد المرضى الذين لديهم أعراض مثل ألم في الصدر، أو عسر البلع، أ...

<ol>
	<li>Tanaka, A., Milner, R., Ota, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kommerell's+diverticulum+in+the+current+era:+a+comprehensive+review.">Kommerell's diverticulum in the current era: a comprehensive review.</a> General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 63 (5), 245-259 (2015).</li><li>Rosu, C., Dorval, J. F., Abraham, C. Z., Cartier, R., Demers, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-stage+hybrid+repair+of+right+aortic+arch+with+Kommerell's+Diverticulum.">Single-stage hybrid repair of right aortic arch with Kommerell's Diverticulum.</a> The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 103 (4), e381-e384 (2017).</li><li>Idrees, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid+repair+of+Kommerell+diverticulum.">Hybrid repair of Kommerell diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 147 (3), 973-976 (2014).</li><li>Kankala, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+arbitrary+3-D+components+in+cardiac+surgery:+from+macro-,+micro-+to+nanoscale.">Fabrication of arbitrary 3-D components in cardiac surgery: from macro-, micro- to nanoscale.</a> Biofabrication. 9 (3), 032002 (2017).</li><li>Vukicevic, M., Mosadegh, B., Min, J. K., Little, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+3-D+printing+and+its+future+directions.">Cardiac 3-D printing and its future directions.</a> JACC Cardiovascular Imaging. 10 (2), 171-184 (2017).</li><li>Yoo, S. J., Spray, T., Austin, E. H., Yun, T. J., van Arsdell, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hands-on+surgical+training+of+congenital+heart+surgery+using+3-dimensional+print+models.">Hands-on surgical training of congenital heart surgery using 3-dimensional print models.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (6), 1530-1540 (2017).</li><li>Hermsen, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scan,+print,+practice,+perform:+Development+and+use+of+a+patient-specific+3-dimensionalprinted+model+in+adult+cardiac+surgery.">Scan, print, practice, perform: Development and use of a patient-specific 3-dimensionalprinted model in adult cardiac surgery.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (1), 132-140 (2017).</li><li>Sun, X., Zhang, H., Zhu, K., Wang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+three-dimensional+printing+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Patient-specific three-dimensional printing for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 255, 184-187 (2018).</li><li>Ota, T., Okada, K., Takanashi, S., Yamamoto, S., Okita, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+treatment+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Surgical treatment for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 131 (3), 574-578 (2006).</li><li>Agematsu, K., Ueda, T., Hoshino, S., Nishiya, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rupture+of+Kommerell+diverticulum+after+total+arch+replacement.">Rupture of Kommerell diverticulum after total arch replacement.</a> Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 11 (6), 800-802 (2010).</li></ol>

الشذوذ الخلقي الابهري تشمل طائفة نادرة لأمراض القلب والأوعية الدموية، التي غالباً ما تظهر الشذوذ الابهري المعقدة. التصوير الطبي، مثل الأشعة المقطعية والسيد، مطالبون بتوضيح قوس الاورطي معقدة، غير طبيعي المتفرعة من نمط، وعلاقتها مع القصبة الهوائية والمريء، وغيرها الأمراض المرتبطة. يمكن ...

الشذوذ الخلقي الابهر هي التشوهات الخلقية النادرة للغاية للنظام القوس الاورطي. يمكن تشخيصها أما بالتصوير تحليل أو تقييم لكيانات مثل عسر البلع أو سرقة subclavian1. في سيناريوهات السريرية، من المهم تحديد الوضع الشاذ التشريحية في الفضاء الجراحية المحصورة التي حدت من التصور خلال الجراحة2،3. حاليا، يتم عرض التقليدية ثنائية الأبعاد (2-d) سطحية، مثل التصوير المقطعي (CT) والتصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي (التصوير بالرنين المغناطيسي)، عادة للجراحين قبل الجراحة. بيد أنه من الصعب بالنسبة للجراحين صورة الوضع الشاذ استناداً إلى تصوير 2-د. ونتيجة لذلك، أنها يمكن أن تواجه صعوبات غير متوقعة أثناء محاولة فصل الأوعية الابهري معقدة أثناء الجراحة. يمكن أن يحدث ضرر لا يمكن التنبؤ بها للسفينة، والقصبة الهوائية والمريء ويؤدي إلى نتائج كارثية.
في العقد الماضي، قد استخدمت نماذج التصوير ثلاثي الأبعاد في جراحة القلب لمساعدة الجراحين على فهم أن الشذوذ التشريحية المعقدة4،5،،من67. يمكن أن تساعد تكنولوجيا الطباعة (ثلاثي الأبعاد) ثلاثية الأبعاد بتحويل بيانات النمذجة إلى نموذج مادي. بالمقارنة مع إعادة بناء الرقمية، ثلاثي الأبعاد النماذج الفيزيائية المطبوعة يمكن تقديم فهم أفضل للتفاصيل التشريحية وتقديم رأي البديهية تشوه. لجراحة الابهر الشذوذ، نموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد البديهية المطبوع كبيرة نظراً لسوء فهم من مواقع الابهري يمكن أن تكون كارثية للمرضى. أثناء الجراحة، أي خطأ يمكن أن يؤدي إلى نزيف لا يمكن التنبؤ بها والضرر. استخدام النماذج المطبوعة، الجراحين تماما فهم العلاقات المكانية لفروع الابهر. أثناء الجراحة، الجراحين أيضا إجراء استعراض في الوقت الحقيقي من نماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد لتجنب الخلط بين مواقع الأوعية الدموية المعقدة.
نقدم هنا، وضع بروتوكول لتطبيق النماذج المطبوعة ثلاثي الأبعاد لتخطيط قبل العملية والتوجيه داخل المنطوق أثناء التعامل مع أمراض الابهر الخلقي. واختير رتج في كوميريل، نوع من الشذوذ الابهري الخلقية المعقدة، كدراسة حالة. وتشمل الخطوات التشخيص استناداً إلى التصوير المقطعي الأوعية (CTA) التصوير، وتقسيم المناطق ذات الاهتمام، وبناء نماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد، وتخطيط العمليات الجراحية قبل الجراحة، واستعراض داخل المنطوق من النماذج المطبوعة ثلاثي الأبعاد8. يمكن تقليل هذه الاستراتيجية الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد إلى حد كبير خطر الإصابة الأنسجة غير متوقعة أثناء الجراحة.

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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:247px;">3D printer</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:297px;">For 3D printing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Chaos Version 2.0</td>
			<td>Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For 3D segmentation and reconstruction</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly

الشذوذ الابهري الخلقي معقدة تشمل أنواعاً مختلفة من التشوهات التي قد تكون غير متناظرة سريرياً أو الحالية مع أعراض تنفسية أو المريء. قد تكون هذه الأوضاع الشاذة المرتبطة بأمراض القلب الخلقية الأخرى. من الصعب تحديد موقع السفينة التشريحية الدقيقة من بيانات التصوير ثنائي الأبعاد، مثل التصوير المقطعي. كأسلوب تصنيع مضافة، يمكن الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد (3-D) سرية البيانات التصوير المكتسبة في نماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد المادية. هذا البروتوكول وصف الإجراء للنمذجة DICOM الحجمي التصوير إلى بيانات ثلاثية الأبعاد وطباعته كنموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد تشريحيا واقعيا. باستخدام هذا النموذج، الجراحين يمكن تحديد موقع السفينة من الشذوذ الابهري المعقدة، ومفيدة للتخطيط قبل العملية والتوجيه داخل المنطوق.

وقد فعلت كل اقتناء الأوعية الصور المقطعية والنمذجة الرقمية والطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد في مستشفى. وأنفق ساعتين للحصول على نموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد من صورة الأشعة المقطعية الأوعية جاهزة للطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد. باستخدام الإجراء وطابعه ثلاثية الأبعاد هنا، يمكن إرسال نموذج مادي ث?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

نقدم هنا، وضع بروتوكول لاستخدام النماذج المطبوعة الأبعاد الثلاثة للتخطيط قبل العملية وإعادة التنظيم داخل المنطوق من مواقع الأوعية الدموية المعقدة عند التعامل مع يمثل شذوذاً الابهري خلقي.

الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد ليمثل شذوذاً الابهري المعقدة

Complex congenital aortic anomalies include diverse types of malformations that may be clinically asymptomatic or present with respiratory or esophageal ...

يمكن أن تساعد هذه الطريقة في الإجابة على الأسئلة الرئيسية في مجال شذوذ الشريان الأورطي المعقدة حول الكاميرا DICOM. الميزة الرئيسية لهذه التقنية هي أن النموذج المطبوع ثلاثي الأبعاد يمكن أن يقلل من خطر إصابة الأنسجة غير المتوقعة خلال الجراحة الأبهري المعقدة. لتجزئة منطقة ذات أهمية استيراد كل من التصوير المقطعي المحوسبة والصور الجغرافية في البرنامج في شكل DICOM وانقر نقرا مزدوجا لفتح حالة المريض داخل مكتبة القضية.حدد سلسلة DICOM وانقر فوق نموذج ريكون لفتح صفحة إعادة بناء النموذج. لديها مهندس وفريق من جراحي القلب مراجعة البيانات الخام تنسيق DICOM لتحديد الميزات التشريحية الرئيسية والمناطق ذات الاهتمام. لتجزئة المنطقة، انقر فوق تجزئة العتبة، ثم قم بضبط نطاق العتبة لقناع الأوعية الدموية.انقر فوق تأكيد لإنشاء قناع الأوعية الدموية داخل قائمة الكائن وانقر فوق recon لإعادة بناء قناع الأوعية الدموية ثلاثي الأبعاد داخل العارض ثلاثي الأبعاد. انقر فوق تجزئة العتبة مرة أخرى وضبط نطاق العتبة لقناع القصبة الهوائية. انقر فوق تجزئة سرادق للحد من المنطقة ذات الأهمية لmediastinum والرئة وانقر فوق تحرير قناع لمحو الاتصال بين القصبة الهوائية والرئة.انقر فوق المنطقة تنمو وانقر فوق أي نقطة من القناع في أي واحد من المشاهدين 2D لتحديد البذور. تأكد من أن المنطقة تنمو نتيجة لذلك وأن قناع القصبة الهوائية سيظهر في قائمة الكائنات. ثم انقر فوق ريكون لإعادة بناء القصبة الهوائية ثلاثية الأبعاد في العارض ثلاثي الأبعاد وحفظ المنطقة ذات الاهتمام كقناع.لإعادة الإعمار 3D من المنطقة ذات الاهتمام انقر فوق تصدير لتصدير نموذج 3D كملف لغة مثلث قياسي ووضع النموذج على مركز منصة المبنى. محاذاة ظل خط مركز السفينة عند أقصىها بحيث يكون موازياً لمحور Z للمنصة. سيتم إنشاء يدعم تلقائيا إلى المتدليين.انقر فوق شريحة وحفظ وتعيين معلمات الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد المناسبة على طابعة مجسية. بعد الطباعة، مسح ملامح شرائح من قبل البرنامج مع 405 نانومتر الأشعة فوق البنفسجية لتصلب الراتنج الحساسية للضوء بمعدل مسح ثلاثة أمتار في الثانية. ثم، قبل الجراحة، وجعل الجراحين استخدام نموذج المطبوعة 3D لجعل خطط مفصلة ودقيقة الجراحية للمريض الذي تم إنشاء نموذج 3D.باستخدام الصور من الطائرة التاجية، والطائرة العرضية، والطائرة القوسية، يمكن إعادة بناء التصوير المقطعي والجغرافيا المحسوب في نموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد كما هو موضح. في هذه الصور، يمكن ملاحظة العلاقة التشريحية بين الشريان الأورطي والقصبة الهوائية على طول محور Y. بعد تطورها ، مهدت هذه التكنولوجيا الطريق للباحثين في مجال الطباعة ثلاثية الأبعاد لاستكشاف الشذوذ الوعائي في جراحة الأبهري.

three-dimensional-printing-of-a-complex-aortic-anomaly

Research

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Medicine

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical treatments and improved platinum-based chemotherapies, there has been little improvement in EOC survival rates for more than four decades 1,2. Whilst stage I tumors have 5-year survival rates &gt;85%, survival rates for stage III/IV disease are &lt;40%. Thus, the high rates of mortality for EOC could be significantly decreased if tumors were detected at earlier, more treatable, stages 3-5. At present, the molecular genetic and biological basis of early stage disease development is poorly understood. More specifically, little is known about the role of the microenvironment during tumor initiation; but known risk factors for EOCs (e.g. age and parity) suggest that the microenvironment plays a key role in the early genesis of EOCs. We therefore developed three-dimensional heterotypic models of both the normal ovary and of early stage ovarian cancers. For the normal ovary, we co-cultured normal ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE) and normal stromal fibroblast (INOF)&nbsp;cells, immortalized by retrovrial transduction of the catalytic subunit of human telomerase holoenzyme (hTERT) to extend the lifespan of these cells in culture. To model the earliest stages of ovarian epithelial cell transformation, overexpression of the CMYC oncogene in IOSE cells, again co-cultured with INOF cells. These heterotypic models were used to investigate the effects of aging and senescence on the transformation and invasion of epithelial cells. Here we describe the methodological steps in development of these three-dimensional model; these methodologies aren't specific to the development of normal ovary and ovarian cancer tissues, and could be used to study other tissue types where stromal and epithelial cell interactions are a fundamental aspect of the tissue maintenance and disease development.

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

We describe methodologies for establishing in vitro heterotypic three-dimensional models comprising ovarian fibroblasts and normal ovarian surface or ovarian cancer epithelial cells. We discuss the use of these models to study stromal-epithelial interactions that occur during ovarian cancer development.

غيروي ثلاثي الأبعاد<em&gt; في المختبر</em&gt; نمذجة التفاعلات اللحمية-طلائي سرطان المبيض خلال بدء والتقدم

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical ...

Three Dimensional Cultures: A Tool To Study Normal Acinar Architecture vs. Malignant Transformation Of Breast Cells

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The interplay of signals between cancer cells and their microenvironment exerts a powerful influence on breast cancer growth and biological behavior1. However, most of these signals from the extracellular matrix are lost or their relevance is understudied when cells are grown in two dimensional culture (2D) as a monolayer. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) culture on a reconstituted basement membrane has emerged as a method of choice to recapitulate the tissue architecture of benign and malignant breast cells. Cells grown in 3D retain the important cues from the extracellular matrix and provide a physiologically relevant ex&#160;vivo system2,3. Of note, there is growing evidence suggesting that cells behave differently when grown in 3D as compared to 2D4. 3D culture can be effectively used as a means to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype and for underpinning the cellular and molecular signaling involved3. One of the distinguishing characteristics of benign epithelial cells is that they are polarized so that the apical cytoplasm is towards the lumen and the basal cytoplasm rests on the basement membrane. This apico-basal polarity is lost in invasive breast carcinomas, which are characterized by cellular disorganization and formation of anastomosing and branching tubules that haphazardly infiltrates the surrounding stroma. These histopathological differences between benign gland and invasive carcinoma can be reproduced in 3D6,7. Using the appropriate read-outs like the quantitation of single round acinar structures, or differential expression of validated molecular markers for cell proliferation, polarity and apoptosis in combination with other molecular and cell biology techniques, 3D culture can provide an important tool to better understand the cellular changes during malignant transformation and for delineating the responsible signaling.

Three dimensional culture of mammary epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane is a useful method to recapitulate the in vivo architecture of the benign breast, and to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype. Importantly, this system can be applied to study invasive carcinomas in other tissues.

ثلاثة الثقافات الأبعاد: أداة لدراسة الهندسة المعمارية عادي عنيبية مقابل التحول السرطاني للخلايا الثدي

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The ...

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional (3D) Model

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo. The current approach of culturing cells on two-dimensional (2D), plastic surfaces results in the disturbance and loss of complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment. Through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture assays, the conditions for cell-microenvironment interaction are established resembling the in vivo microenvironment. This article provides a detailed methodology to grow breast cancer cells in a 3D basement membrane protein matrix, exemplifying the potential of 3D culture in the assessment of cell invasion into the surrounding environment. In addition, we discuss how these 3D assays have the potential to examine the loss of signaling molecules that regulate epithelial morphology by immunostaining procedures. These studies aid to identify important mechanistic details into the processes regulating invasion, required for the spread of breast cancer.

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model

This article provides detailed methodologies for the use of three-dimensional (3D) assays to quantify breast cancer cell invasion. Specifically, we discuss the procedures required to set up such assays, quantification, and data analysis, as well as methods to examine the loss of membrane integrity that occurs when cells invade.

الكمي لسرطان الثدي الغزو خلية باستخدام ثلاثي الأبعاد (3D) نموذج

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the ...

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal cells. The tumor microenvironment is comprised of a variety of cell types, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and bone-marrow-derived cells, embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a pro-tumorigenic role through the secretion of soluble factors, angiogenesis and ECM remodeling. The experimental models for cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion have mostly relied on two-dimensional monocellular and monolayer tissue cultures or Boyden chamber assays. However, these experiments do not precisely reflect the physiological or pathological conditions in a diseased organ. To gain a better understanding of tumor stromal or tumor matrix interactions, multicellular and three-dimensional cultures provide more powerful tools for investigating intercellular communication and ECM-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. As a platform for this type of study, we present an experimental model in which cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with primary cultures of CAFs.

Here we present a protocol to co-culture in three-dimensions, which is useful for investigating multicellular interactions and extracellular matrix-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. In this experimental model, cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with human cancer-associated fibroblasts.

ثلاثي الأبعاد نموذج المشارك الثقافة ل-ورم انسجة التفاعل

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in particular (e.g., brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck &#8211; SCCHN) it is a cause of severe morbidity and can be life-threatening even in the absence of distant metastases. In addition, cancers which have relapsed following treatment unfortunately often present with a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, there is an opportunity to target the process of invasion to provide novel therapies that could be complementary to standard anti-proliferative agents. Until now, this strategy has been hampered by the lack of robust, reproducible assays suitable for a detailed analysis of invasion and for drug screening. Here we provide a simple micro-plate method (based on uniform, self-assembling 3D tumor spheroids) which has great potential for such studies. We exemplify the assay platform using a human glioblastoma cell line and also an SCCHN model where the development of resistance against targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is associated with enhanced matrix-invasive potential. We also provide two alternative methods of semi-automated quantification: one using an imaging cytometer and a second which simply requires standard microscopy and image capture with digital image analysis.

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is a defining characteristic of malignant tumors. We provide here a simple, semi-automated micro-plate assay of invasion into a natural 3D biomatrix that has been exemplified with a number of models of advanced human cancers.

ثلاثي الأبعاد (3D) ورم الجسم الشبه الكروي الغزو الفحص

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from brown sea algae. Briefly, the tumor tissue is cut into small pieces and submitted to an enzymatic digestion with collagenase and trypsin. Next, a cell suspension is obtained. The tumor cell suspension is mixed with 1.2% sodium alginate and dropped into a CaCl2 solution, and the alginate/cell suspension is gelled on contact with the CaCl2 to form spherical beads. The cells embedded in the alginate beads are supplied with nutrients provided by the culture media enriched with 20% FBS. Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads maintains the viability of adenoma cells for long periods of time, up to four months. Moreover, the cells can be liberated from the alginate by washing the beads with sodium citrate and seeded on glass coverslips for further immunocytochemical analyses. The use of a cell culture model allows for the fixation and visualization of the actin cytoskeleton with minimal disorganization. In summary, alginate beads provide a reliable culture system for the maintenance of pituitary adenoma cells.

Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads, due to its simplicity and reproducibility, was chosen to maintain the pituitary adenoma cells. The procedures included an initial enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of the tumor tissue, and the subsequent cell suspension was encapsulated in alginate beads.

ثلاثي الأبعاد الثقافة الجيني حبة من خلايا الإنسان ورم الغدة النخامية

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The accuracy of PVP mainly depends on the surgeons&#39; experience and multiple fluoroscopes during a traditional procedure. Puncture related complications were reported all over the world. To make the surgical procedure more precise and decrease the rate of puncture-related complications, our team applied a three-dimensional printing guide template to PVP to modify the traditional procedure. This protocol introduces how to model target vertebrae DICOM imaging data into three-dimensions in the software, how to simulate operation in this 3-D model, and how to use all of the surgical data to reconstruct a patient specific template for application. Using this template, surgeons can identify suitable puncture points accurately to improve the accuracy of the operation. The whole protocol includes: 1) diagnosis of the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; 2) acquisition of CT imaging of the target vertebra; 3) simulation of the operation in the software; 4) design and fabrication of the 3-D printing guide template; and 5) application of the template into an operation procedure.

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty PVP

Herein, we present a three-dimensional printing guide template for percutaneous vertebraplasty. A patient with a T11 vertebral compression fracture was selected as a case study.

قالب دليل الطباعة ثلاثي الابعاد بمساعده راب الفقرات الجلدية (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The ...

Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. The model can be used for planning and simulating critical steps of a surgical approach. Therefore, it is important that anatomical structures such as blood vessels inside a tumor can be printed to be colored not only on their surface, but throughout their whole volume. During simulation this allows for the removal of certain parts (e.g., with a high-speed drill) and revealing internally located structures of a different color. Thus, diagnostic information from various imaging modalities (e.g., CT, MRI) can be combined in a single compact and tangible object.
However, preparation and printing of such a fully colored anatomical model remains a difficult task. Therefore, a step-by-step guide is provided, demonstrating the fusion of different cross-sectional imaging data sets, segmentation of anatomical structures, and creation of a virtual model. In a second step the virtual model is printed with volumetrically colored anatomical structures using a plaster-based color 3D binder jetting technique. This method allows highly accurate reproduction of patient-specific anatomy as shown in a series of 3D-printed petrous apex chondrosarcomas. Furthermore, the models created can be cut and drilled, revealing internal structures that allow for simulation of surgical procedures.

The protocol describes the fabrication of fully colored three-dimensional prints of patient-specific, anatomical skull models to be used for surgical simulation. The crucial steps of combining different imaging modalities, image segmentation, three-dimensional model extraction, and production of the prints are explained.

متعدد ألوان 3D طباعه الأورام المعقدة داخل الجمجمة في جراحه المخ والأعصاب

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. ...

Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is the clinically recommended procedure to improve and extend the life span of patients in advanced disease stages. However, only 10% of transplants are successful, with organ availability, presurgical and postsurgical procedures, and elevated costs directly correlated with that result. Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have emerged as an alternative for tissue restoration. Biocompatibility and graft acceptance are the main beneficial characteristics of those biomaterials. Although the capacity to restore the size and correct function of the liver has been evaluated in liver hepatectomy models, the use of scaffolds or some kind of support to replace the volume of the extirpated liver mass has not been assessed.
Partial hepatectomy was performed in a rat liver with the xenoimplantation of a collagen matrix scaffold (CMS) from a bovine condyle. Left liver lobe tissue was removed (approximately 40%), and an equal proportion of CMS was surgically implanted. Liver function tests were evaluated before and after the surgical procedure. After days 3, 14, and 21, the animals were euthanized, and macroscopic and histologic evaluations were performed. On days 3 and 14, adipose tissue was observed surrounding the CMS, with no clinical evidence of rejection or infection, as was vessel neoformation and CMS reabsorption at day 21. There was histologic evidence of an insignificant inflammation process and migration of adjacent cells to the CMS, observed with the hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) and Masson&#39;s trichrome staining. The CMS was shown to perform well in liver tissue and could be a useful alternative for studying tissue regeneration and repair in chronic liver diseases.

Liver diseases are induced by many causes that promote fibrosis or cirrhosis. Transplantation is the only option for recovering health. However, given the scarcity of transplantable organs, alternatives must be explored. Our research proposes the implantation of collagen scaffolds in liver tissue from an animal model.

ثلاثي الأبعاد الكولاجين مصفوفة زرع سقالة كاستراتيجية تجديد الكبد

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, ...

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.

This experimental method describes a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation with three-dimensional finger motion tracking technology.

تتبع حركة الإصبع ثلاثي الأبعاد أثناء الإبر: حل للتحليل الحركي للتلاعب بالوخز بالإبر

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D ...