Name: three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly
Uploaded: 2018-11-01T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Forfatterne anerkender finansiering fra National Natural Science Foundation of China (nr. 81771971), Shanghai Pujiang Program (nr. 14PJD008 og 17PJ1401500), "Chen Guang" projekt støttet af Shanghai Municipal uddannelse Kommissionen og Shanghai uddannelse Development Foundation (nr. 14 CG 06), Natural Science Foundation i Shanghai (nr. 17411962800 og 17ZR1432900), og videnskab og teknologi Kommissionen for Shanghai kommune (17JC1400200). W.Z. anerkender finansiering fra National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501555 og 81772007 og 21734003), Kinas 1000 unge talenter Program, uddannelse Kommissionen for Shanghai kommune (Young østlige professorat Award) og videnskab og Teknologi Kommissionen for Shanghai kommune (17JC1400200 og 16391903900).

Den foreliggende undersøgelse blev godkendt af den etiske komité i Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University (B2016-142R) og alle deltagere gav deres informerede samtykke.
1. diagnose af aorta anomali af symptomer og erhvervelse af Imaging Data
<ol><li>Identificere patienter, der har symptomer som smerter i brystet, dysfagi eller en blodtryk forskel på de øvre lemmer i ambulant klinik. Udelukke patienter, der kan være intolerante af operationen.</li>
	<li>Udføre CT angiografi hos disse patie...

<ol>
	<li>Tanaka, A., Milner, R., Ota, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kommerell's+diverticulum+in+the+current+era:+a+comprehensive+review.">Kommerell's diverticulum in the current era: a comprehensive review.</a> General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 63 (5), 245-259 (2015).</li><li>Rosu, C., Dorval, J. F., Abraham, C. Z., Cartier, R., Demers, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-stage+hybrid+repair+of+right+aortic+arch+with+Kommerell's+Diverticulum.">Single-stage hybrid repair of right aortic arch with Kommerell's Diverticulum.</a> The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 103 (4), e381-e384 (2017).</li><li>Idrees, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid+repair+of+Kommerell+diverticulum.">Hybrid repair of Kommerell diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 147 (3), 973-976 (2014).</li><li>Kankala, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+arbitrary+3-D+components+in+cardiac+surgery:+from+macro-,+micro-+to+nanoscale.">Fabrication of arbitrary 3-D components in cardiac surgery: from macro-, micro- to nanoscale.</a> Biofabrication. 9 (3), 032002 (2017).</li><li>Vukicevic, M., Mosadegh, B., Min, J. K., Little, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+3-D+printing+and+its+future+directions.">Cardiac 3-D printing and its future directions.</a> JACC Cardiovascular Imaging. 10 (2), 171-184 (2017).</li><li>Yoo, S. J., Spray, T., Austin, E. H., Yun, T. J., van Arsdell, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hands-on+surgical+training+of+congenital+heart+surgery+using+3-dimensional+print+models.">Hands-on surgical training of congenital heart surgery using 3-dimensional print models.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (6), 1530-1540 (2017).</li><li>Hermsen, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scan,+print,+practice,+perform:+Development+and+use+of+a+patient-specific+3-dimensionalprinted+model+in+adult+cardiac+surgery.">Scan, print, practice, perform: Development and use of a patient-specific 3-dimensionalprinted model in adult cardiac surgery.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (1), 132-140 (2017).</li><li>Sun, X., Zhang, H., Zhu, K., Wang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+three-dimensional+printing+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Patient-specific three-dimensional printing for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 255, 184-187 (2018).</li><li>Ota, T., Okada, K., Takanashi, S., Yamamoto, S., Okita, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+treatment+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Surgical treatment for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 131 (3), 574-578 (2006).</li><li>Agematsu, K., Ueda, T., Hoshino, S., Nishiya, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rupture+of+Kommerell+diverticulum+after+total+arch+replacement.">Rupture of Kommerell diverticulum after total arch replacement.</a> Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 11 (6), 800-802 (2010).</li></ol>

Medfødt aorta anomalier omfatter en sjælden spektrum af hjerte-kar-sygdomme, som ofte vise komplekse aorta anomalier. Medicinsk billedbehandling, CT og MR, er forpligtet til at belyse komplekse aortabuen anomalier, den unormale forgrening mønster, deres forhold til luftrøret og spiserøret, og andre associerede patologier. Både CT og MR angiografi kan give 2-D oplysninger af aorta fartøj steder. Med 3D-digital genopbygning af 2-D imaging, kan de anatomiske forhold af aorta fartøjer defineres yderligere. Det er imi...

Medfødt aorta anomalier er ekstremt sjældne medfødte misdannelser af aortabuen system. De kan diagnosticeres ved imaging analyse eller evaluering af enheder som dysfagi eller subclavia stjæle1. I kliniske situationer er det vigtigt at identificere den anatomiske anomali i det snævre kirurgiske rum, der har begrænset visualisering under kirurgi2,3. I øjeblikket, konventionel planar todimensionale (2D) imaging, såsom computertomografi (CT) og magnetisk resonans imaging (MR), er normalt præsenteret for kirurger før operationen. Men det er vanskeligt for kirurger til at afbilde den anomali, baseret på 2D-billeddannelse. Derfor kunne de støder uforudsigelige vanskeligheder under forsøg på at adskille de komplekse aorta fartøjer under kirurgi. Uforudsigelige skade på fartøjet, luftrøret og spiserøret kan forekomme og resultere i katastrofale resultater.
I det sidste årti, er 3D-billedbehandling modellering blevet brugt i hjertekirurgi til at hjælpe kirurger forstå komplekse anatomiske anomali4,5,6,7. Tre-dimensionel (3-D) printteknologi kan hjælpe med at konvertere modellering data i en fysisk model. Sammenlignet med den digitale genopbygning, kunne 3D-trykte fysiske modeller præsentere en bedre forståelse af de anatomiske detaljer og give en intuitional opfattelse af misdannelser. For aorta anomali kirurgi er den trykte intuitional 3D-model betydelig fordi dårlig forståelse af aorta steder kunne være katastrofalt at patienter. Under operationen, kan enhver fejl føre til uforudsigelige blødning og skade. Ved brug af trykte modeller, kan kirurger fuldt ud forstå de rumlige forhold af aorta grene. Under operationen, kan kirurgerne også udføre real-time anmeldelse af 3D-modeller til at undgå forveksling af de komplekse vaskulære steder.
Vi præsenterer her, en protokol for at anvende 3D-trykte modeller til præoperativ planlægning og intra-operative vejledning mens der beskæftiger sig med medfødt aorta sygdomme. Kommerells divertikel, en type af komplekse medfødte aorta anomali, blev valgt som case. Skridt omfatter diagnose baseret på computertomografi angiografi (CTA) imaging, partitionering regioner af interesse, bygning 3D-modeller, præoperativ kirurgisk planlægning og intra-operative gennemgang af 3D-trykte modeller8. Denne 3D-print strategi kunne betydeligt reducere risikoen for uforudsigelige vævsskade under operationen.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:247px;">3D printer</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:297px;">For 3D printing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Chaos Version 2.0</td>
			<td>Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For 3D segmentation and reconstruction</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly

Komplekse medfødte aorta anomalier omfatter forskellige typer af misdannelser, der kan være klinisk asymptomatiske eller nuværende med respiratorisk eller esophageal symptomer. Disse uregelmæssigheder kan være forbundet med andre medfødte hjertesygdomme. Det er svært at identificere den præcise anatomiske fartøj placering fra to-dimensionelle billeddiagnostiske data, såsom computertomografi. Som et tilsætningsstof fremstillingsmetoden, tre-dimensionelle (3-D) udskrivning kan covert erhvervede billeddiagnostiske data til 3D-fysiske modeller. Denne protokol beskriver proceduren for modellering den volumetriske DICOM imaging i 3D-data og udskrive det som en anatomisk realistiske 3D-model. Brug af denne model, kan kirurger identificere fartøjet placeringen af komplekse aorta anomalier, som er nyttig til præoperativ planlægning og intra-operative vejledning.

Erhvervelse af CT angiografi billeder, digitale modellering og 3D-udskrivning blev alle gjort på et hospital. To timer blev brugt for at få 3D-model fra CT angiografi billede klar til 3D-print. Ved hjælp af proceduren og 3D-printer her, en patient-specifikke 3D-fysisk model kan sendes til læger hurtigt og den kirurgiske beslutning kan træffes i tid. Arbejdsgang fra erhvervelse af CT angiografi data til 3D-udskrivning blev vist i figur 1. Fra den koronale...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Vi præsenterer her, en protokol for at bruge tre dimensionelle trykte modeller til præoperativ planlægning og intra-operative reorganisering af komplicerede vaskulære steder, når du håndterer en medfødt aorta anomali.

Tre-dimensionelle udskrivning af en kompleks aorta anomali

Complex congenital aortic anomalies include diverse types of malformations that may be clinically asymptomatic or present with respiratory or esophageal ...

Denne metode kan hjælpe med at besvare vigtige spørgsmål i det komplekse aorta anomalifelt om kameraets DICOM. Den største fordel ved denne teknik er, at 3D-printet model kan reducere risikoen for uforudsigelige vævsskader under den komplekse aortakirurgi. Til segmentering af et interesseområde skal alle computertomografi- og geografibilleder importeres til softwaren i et DICOM-format og dobbeltklikke for at åbne patientsagen i sagsbiblioteket.Vælg DICOM-serien, og klik på modelkonisk for at åbne modelrekonstruktionssiden. Har en ingeniør og et team af hjertekirurger gennemgå DICOM formaterede rå data til at identificere centrale anatomiske funktioner og regioner af interesse. Hvis du vil segmentere området, skal du klikke på tærskelsegmentering og justere tærskelområdet for den vaskulære maske.Klik bekræfte for at generere den vaskulære maske i objektlisten, og klik på recon for at rekonstruere 3D-vaskulær maske i 3D-fremviseren. Klik tærskelsegmentering igen og juster tærskelområdet for luftrørmasken. Klik på markeringsrammesegmentering for at begrænse området for interesse for mediastinum og lungen, og klik på maskeredigering for at slette forbindelsen mellem luftrøret og lungerne.Klik på område vokse og klik på et punkt i masken i en af de 2D-seere til at vælge et frø. Bekræft, at regionen vokser som følge heraf, og at luftrørsmasken vises på objektlisten. Klik derefter på recon for at rekonstruere 3D-luftrøret i 3D-fremviseren og gemme interesseområdet som en maske.For 3D rekonstruktion af regionen af interesse klik eksport til at eksportere 3D-modellen som en standard trekant sprogfil og placere modellen på midten af bygningen platform. Juster tangenten af fartøjets midterlinje i dens ende, så den er parallel med platformens Z-akse. Der genereres automatisk underhæng til udhængene.Klik på udsnit, og gem og angiv de relevante 3D-udskrivningsparametre på en stereolitografisk printer. Efter udskrivning, scanne konturerne skåret af softwaren med 405 nanometer ultraviolet lys til at hærde lysfølsomme harpiks på en tre meter per sekund scanning sats. Så før operationen, har kirurgerne bruge 3D trykte model til at gøre detaljerede og præcise kirurgiske planer for patienten, hvorfra 3D-modellen blev genereret.Ved hjælp af billeder fra koronalplanet, det tværgående plan og det sagittale plan kan det computertomografi og geografibillede rekonstrueres til en 3D-model som påvist. I disse billeder kan det anatomiske forhold mellem aorta og luftrøret langs Y-aksen observeres. Efter sin udvikling, denne teknologi banede vejen for forskere inden for 3D-print til at udforske vaskulær anomali i aorta kirurgi.

three-dimensional-printing-of-a-complex-aortic-anomaly

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical treatments and improved platinum-based chemotherapies, there has been little improvement in EOC survival rates for more than four decades 1,2. Whilst stage I tumors have 5-year survival rates &gt;85%, survival rates for stage III/IV disease are &lt;40%. Thus, the high rates of mortality for EOC could be significantly decreased if tumors were detected at earlier, more treatable, stages 3-5. At present, the molecular genetic and biological basis of early stage disease development is poorly understood. More specifically, little is known about the role of the microenvironment during tumor initiation; but known risk factors for EOCs (e.g. age and parity) suggest that the microenvironment plays a key role in the early genesis of EOCs. We therefore developed three-dimensional heterotypic models of both the normal ovary and of early stage ovarian cancers. For the normal ovary, we co-cultured normal ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE) and normal stromal fibroblast (INOF)&nbsp;cells, immortalized by retrovrial transduction of the catalytic subunit of human telomerase holoenzyme (hTERT) to extend the lifespan of these cells in culture. To model the earliest stages of ovarian epithelial cell transformation, overexpression of the CMYC oncogene in IOSE cells, again co-cultured with INOF cells. These heterotypic models were used to investigate the effects of aging and senescence on the transformation and invasion of epithelial cells. Here we describe the methodological steps in development of these three-dimensional model; these methodologies aren't specific to the development of normal ovary and ovarian cancer tissues, and could be used to study other tissue types where stromal and epithelial cell interactions are a fundamental aspect of the tissue maintenance and disease development.

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

We describe methodologies for establishing in vitro heterotypic three-dimensional models comprising ovarian fibroblasts and normal ovarian surface or ovarian cancer epithelial cells. We discuss the use of these models to study stromal-epithelial interactions that occur during ovarian cancer development.

Heterotypisk tredimensionale<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Modellering af Stromal-Epiteliale Interactions Under Kræft i æggestokkene Indledning og Progression

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical ...

Three Dimensional Cultures: A Tool To Study Normal Acinar Architecture vs. Malignant Transformation Of Breast Cells

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The interplay of signals between cancer cells and their microenvironment exerts a powerful influence on breast cancer growth and biological behavior1. However, most of these signals from the extracellular matrix are lost or their relevance is understudied when cells are grown in two dimensional culture (2D) as a monolayer. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) culture on a reconstituted basement membrane has emerged as a method of choice to recapitulate the tissue architecture of benign and malignant breast cells. Cells grown in 3D retain the important cues from the extracellular matrix and provide a physiologically relevant ex&#160;vivo system2,3. Of note, there is growing evidence suggesting that cells behave differently when grown in 3D as compared to 2D4. 3D culture can be effectively used as a means to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype and for underpinning the cellular and molecular signaling involved3. One of the distinguishing characteristics of benign epithelial cells is that they are polarized so that the apical cytoplasm is towards the lumen and the basal cytoplasm rests on the basement membrane. This apico-basal polarity is lost in invasive breast carcinomas, which are characterized by cellular disorganization and formation of anastomosing and branching tubules that haphazardly infiltrates the surrounding stroma. These histopathological differences between benign gland and invasive carcinoma can be reproduced in 3D6,7. Using the appropriate read-outs like the quantitation of single round acinar structures, or differential expression of validated molecular markers for cell proliferation, polarity and apoptosis in combination with other molecular and cell biology techniques, 3D culture can provide an important tool to better understand the cellular changes during malignant transformation and for delineating the responsible signaling.

Three dimensional culture of mammary epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane is a useful method to recapitulate the in vivo architecture of the benign breast, and to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype. Importantly, this system can be applied to study invasive carcinomas in other tissues.

Tredimensionelle Cultures: Et værktøj til at studere Normal Acinar Architecture vs malign transformation af brystkræft celler

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The ...

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional (3D) Model

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo. The current approach of culturing cells on two-dimensional (2D), plastic surfaces results in the disturbance and loss of complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment. Through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture assays, the conditions for cell-microenvironment interaction are established resembling the in vivo microenvironment. This article provides a detailed methodology to grow breast cancer cells in a 3D basement membrane protein matrix, exemplifying the potential of 3D culture in the assessment of cell invasion into the surrounding environment. In addition, we discuss how these 3D assays have the potential to examine the loss of signaling molecules that regulate epithelial morphology by immunostaining procedures. These studies aid to identify important mechanistic details into the processes regulating invasion, required for the spread of breast cancer.

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model

This article provides detailed methodologies for the use of three-dimensional (3D) assays to quantify breast cancer cell invasion. Specifically, we discuss the procedures required to set up such assays, quantification, and data analysis, as well as methods to examine the loss of membrane integrity that occurs when cells invade.

Kvantificering af Breast Cancer Cell invasiv Ved hjælp af en tre-dimensionel (3D) Model

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the ...

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal cells. The tumor microenvironment is comprised of a variety of cell types, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and bone-marrow-derived cells, embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a pro-tumorigenic role through the secretion of soluble factors, angiogenesis and ECM remodeling. The experimental models for cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion have mostly relied on two-dimensional monocellular and monolayer tissue cultures or Boyden chamber assays. However, these experiments do not precisely reflect the physiological or pathological conditions in a diseased organ. To gain a better understanding of tumor stromal or tumor matrix interactions, multicellular and three-dimensional cultures provide more powerful tools for investigating intercellular communication and ECM-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. As a platform for this type of study, we present an experimental model in which cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with primary cultures of CAFs.

Here we present a protocol to co-culture in three-dimensions, which is useful for investigating multicellular interactions and extracellular matrix-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. In this experimental model, cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with human cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Tre-dimensionel Co-kultur Model for Tumor-stromale Interaktion

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in particular (e.g., brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck &#8211; SCCHN) it is a cause of severe morbidity and can be life-threatening even in the absence of distant metastases. In addition, cancers which have relapsed following treatment unfortunately often present with a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, there is an opportunity to target the process of invasion to provide novel therapies that could be complementary to standard anti-proliferative agents. Until now, this strategy has been hampered by the lack of robust, reproducible assays suitable for a detailed analysis of invasion and for drug screening. Here we provide a simple micro-plate method (based on uniform, self-assembling 3D tumor spheroids) which has great potential for such studies. We exemplify the assay platform using a human glioblastoma cell line and also an SCCHN model where the development of resistance against targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is associated with enhanced matrix-invasive potential. We also provide two alternative methods of semi-automated quantification: one using an imaging cytometer and a second which simply requires standard microscopy and image capture with digital image analysis.

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is a defining characteristic of malignant tumors. We provide here a simple, semi-automated micro-plate assay of invasion into a natural 3D biomatrix that has been exemplified with a number of models of advanced human cancers.

Tre-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Sfæroide Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from brown sea algae. Briefly, the tumor tissue is cut into small pieces and submitted to an enzymatic digestion with collagenase and trypsin. Next, a cell suspension is obtained. The tumor cell suspension is mixed with 1.2% sodium alginate and dropped into a CaCl2 solution, and the alginate/cell suspension is gelled on contact with the CaCl2 to form spherical beads. The cells embedded in the alginate beads are supplied with nutrients provided by the culture media enriched with 20% FBS. Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads maintains the viability of adenoma cells for long periods of time, up to four months. Moreover, the cells can be liberated from the alginate by washing the beads with sodium citrate and seeded on glass coverslips for further immunocytochemical analyses. The use of a cell culture model allows for the fixation and visualization of the actin cytoskeleton with minimal disorganization. In summary, alginate beads provide a reliable culture system for the maintenance of pituitary adenoma cells.

Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads, due to its simplicity and reproducibility, was chosen to maintain the pituitary adenoma cells. The procedures included an initial enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of the tumor tissue, and the subsequent cell suspension was encapsulated in alginate beads.

Tre-dimensionel Alginat-perle dyrkning af humane hypofyseadenom Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The accuracy of PVP mainly depends on the surgeons&#39; experience and multiple fluoroscopes during a traditional procedure. Puncture related complications were reported all over the world. To make the surgical procedure more precise and decrease the rate of puncture-related complications, our team applied a three-dimensional printing guide template to PVP to modify the traditional procedure. This protocol introduces how to model target vertebrae DICOM imaging data into three-dimensions in the software, how to simulate operation in this 3-D model, and how to use all of the surgical data to reconstruct a patient specific template for application. Using this template, surgeons can identify suitable puncture points accurately to improve the accuracy of the operation. The whole protocol includes: 1) diagnosis of the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; 2) acquisition of CT imaging of the target vertebra; 3) simulation of the operation in the software; 4) design and fabrication of the 3-D printing guide template; and 5) application of the template into an operation procedure.

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty PVP

Herein, we present a three-dimensional printing guide template for percutaneous vertebraplasty. A patient with a T11 vertebral compression fracture was selected as a case study.

Tredimensionel udskrivnings guide skabelon assisteret perkutan Vertebroplasty (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The ...

Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. The model can be used for planning and simulating critical steps of a surgical approach. Therefore, it is important that anatomical structures such as blood vessels inside a tumor can be printed to be colored not only on their surface, but throughout their whole volume. During simulation this allows for the removal of certain parts (e.g., with a high-speed drill) and revealing internally located structures of a different color. Thus, diagnostic information from various imaging modalities (e.g., CT, MRI) can be combined in a single compact and tangible object.
However, preparation and printing of such a fully colored anatomical model remains a difficult task. Therefore, a step-by-step guide is provided, demonstrating the fusion of different cross-sectional imaging data sets, segmentation of anatomical structures, and creation of a virtual model. In a second step the virtual model is printed with volumetrically colored anatomical structures using a plaster-based color 3D binder jetting technique. This method allows highly accurate reproduction of patient-specific anatomy as shown in a series of 3D-printed petrous apex chondrosarcomas. Furthermore, the models created can be cut and drilled, revealing internal structures that allow for simulation of surgical procedures.

The protocol describes the fabrication of fully colored three-dimensional prints of patient-specific, anatomical skull models to be used for surgical simulation. The crucial steps of combining different imaging modalities, image segmentation, three-dimensional model extraction, and production of the prints are explained.

Flerfarvet 3D-udskrivning af komplekse intrakranielle tumorer i neurosurgery

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. ...

Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is the clinically recommended procedure to improve and extend the life span of patients in advanced disease stages. However, only 10% of transplants are successful, with organ availability, presurgical and postsurgical procedures, and elevated costs directly correlated with that result. Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have emerged as an alternative for tissue restoration. Biocompatibility and graft acceptance are the main beneficial characteristics of those biomaterials. Although the capacity to restore the size and correct function of the liver has been evaluated in liver hepatectomy models, the use of scaffolds or some kind of support to replace the volume of the extirpated liver mass has not been assessed.
Partial hepatectomy was performed in a rat liver with the xenoimplantation of a collagen matrix scaffold (CMS) from a bovine condyle. Left liver lobe tissue was removed (approximately 40%), and an equal proportion of CMS was surgically implanted. Liver function tests were evaluated before and after the surgical procedure. After days 3, 14, and 21, the animals were euthanized, and macroscopic and histologic evaluations were performed. On days 3 and 14, adipose tissue was observed surrounding the CMS, with no clinical evidence of rejection or infection, as was vessel neoformation and CMS reabsorption at day 21. There was histologic evidence of an insignificant inflammation process and migration of adjacent cells to the CMS, observed with the hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) and Masson&#39;s trichrome staining. The CMS was shown to perform well in liver tissue and could be a useful alternative for studying tissue regeneration and repair in chronic liver diseases.

Liver diseases are induced by many causes that promote fibrosis or cirrhosis. Transplantation is the only option for recovering health. However, given the scarcity of transplantable organs, alternatives must be explored. Our research proposes the implantation of collagen scaffolds in liver tissue from an animal model.

Tre-dimensionelle kollagen Matrix Stillads implantation som en lever regenerering strategi

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, ...

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.

This experimental method describes a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation with three-dimensional finger motion tracking technology.

Tredimensionel fingerbevægelsessporing under needling: En løsning til kinematisk analyse af akupunkturmanipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D ...