Name: three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly
Uploaded: 2018-11-01T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Die Autoren erkennen Finanzierung von National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nr. 81771971), Shanghai Pujiang Programm (Nr. 14PJD008 und 17PJ1401500), "Chen Guang" Projekt unterstützt durch Shanghai Bildung und Shanghai Municipal Education Commission Stiftung für Entwicklung (Nr. 14 CG 06), Natural Science Foundation von Shanghai (Nr. 17411962800 und 17ZR1432900), und Wissenschaft und Technik-Kommission der Shanghai Municipality (17JC1400200). W.Z. räumt ein Mittel aus der National Natural Science Foundation of China (31501555 und 81772007 und 21734003), die China 1000 junge Talente-Programm, Education Commission von Shanghai Municipality (Young östlichen Professur Award) und Wissenschaft und Technik-Kommission der Shanghai Municipality (17JC1400200 und 16391903900).

Die vorliegende Studie wurde von der Ethikkommission der Zhongshan Krankenhaus Fudan-Universität (B2016-142R) genehmigt und alle Teilnehmer gaben ihre Einwilligung.
1. Diagnose der Aorta Anomalie durch Symptome und Übernahme von Bilddaten
<ol><li>Patienten mit Symptomen wie Schmerzen in der Brust, Dysphagie oder einen Blutdruck-Unterschied der oberen Gliedmaßen in ambulanten Klinik zu identifizieren. Schließen Sie Patienten aus, die möglicherweise intolerant gegenüber den Betrieb.</li>...

<ol>
	<li>Tanaka, A., Milner, R., Ota, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kommerell's+diverticulum+in+the+current+era:+a+comprehensive+review.">Kommerell's diverticulum in the current era: a comprehensive review.</a> General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 63 (5), 245-259 (2015).</li><li>Rosu, C., Dorval, J. F., Abraham, C. Z., Cartier, R., Demers, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-stage+hybrid+repair+of+right+aortic+arch+with+Kommerell's+Diverticulum.">Single-stage hybrid repair of right aortic arch with Kommerell's Diverticulum.</a> The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 103 (4), e381-e384 (2017).</li><li>Idrees, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid+repair+of+Kommerell+diverticulum.">Hybrid repair of Kommerell diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 147 (3), 973-976 (2014).</li><li>Kankala, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+arbitrary+3-D+components+in+cardiac+surgery:+from+macro-,+micro-+to+nanoscale.">Fabrication of arbitrary 3-D components in cardiac surgery: from macro-, micro- to nanoscale.</a> Biofabrication. 9 (3), 032002 (2017).</li><li>Vukicevic, M., Mosadegh, B., Min, J. K., Little, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+3-D+printing+and+its+future+directions.">Cardiac 3-D printing and its future directions.</a> JACC Cardiovascular Imaging. 10 (2), 171-184 (2017).</li><li>Yoo, S. J., Spray, T., Austin, E. H., Yun, T. J., van Arsdell, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hands-on+surgical+training+of+congenital+heart+surgery+using+3-dimensional+print+models.">Hands-on surgical training of congenital heart surgery using 3-dimensional print models.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (6), 1530-1540 (2017).</li><li>Hermsen, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scan,+print,+practice,+perform:+Development+and+use+of+a+patient-specific+3-dimensionalprinted+model+in+adult+cardiac+surgery.">Scan, print, practice, perform: Development and use of a patient-specific 3-dimensionalprinted model in adult cardiac surgery.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (1), 132-140 (2017).</li><li>Sun, X., Zhang, H., Zhu, K., Wang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+three-dimensional+printing+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Patient-specific three-dimensional printing for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 255, 184-187 (2018).</li><li>Ota, T., Okada, K., Takanashi, S., Yamamoto, S., Okita, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+treatment+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Surgical treatment for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 131 (3), 574-578 (2006).</li><li>Agematsu, K., Ueda, T., Hoshino, S., Nishiya, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rupture+of+Kommerell+diverticulum+after+total+arch+replacement.">Rupture of Kommerell diverticulum after total arch replacement.</a> Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 11 (6), 800-802 (2010).</li></ol>

Angeborene Aortenstenose Anomalien umfassen ein seltenes Spektrum an Herz-Kreislauf-Krankheiten, die oft komplexen Aorten Anomalien zeigen. Medizinische Bildgebung, wie CT und MRT, sind erforderlich, um komplexe Aortenbogen Anomalien zu erhellen, die abnorme Verzweigung Muster, ihre Beziehung mit der Luftröhre und der Speiseröhre und anderen verbundenen Pathologien. CT- und MR-Angiographie kann 2D Aorten Schiff Standorte informieren. Mit 3-d-digitale Rekonstruktion der 2-D-Bildgebung kann die anatomische Beziehung der ...

Angeborene Aortenstenose Anomalien sind extrem seltene angeborene Fehlbildungen des Systems der Aortenbogen. Sie können diagnostiziert werden, entweder durch bildgebende Analyse oder durch Auswertung von Entitäten wie Dysphagie oder subclavia stehlen1. In klinischen Szenarien ist es wichtig, die anatomische Anomalie in der chirurgischen beengten zu identifizieren, die Visualisierung während der Operation2,3begrenzt ist. Derzeit werden konventionelle planaren zweidimensionalen (2D) Bildgebung, wie Computertomographie (CT) und Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT), in der Regel Chirurgen vor der Operation vorgestellt. Es ist jedoch schwierig für Chirurgen, die Anomalie, basierend auf der 2-D-Bildgebung Bild. Infolgedessen könnte sie unvorhersehbare Schwierigkeiten bei dem Versuch, die komplexen aortalen Gefäße während der Operation zu trennen. Unvorhersehbare Schädigung des Schiffes, die Luftröhre und die Speiseröhre könnte auftreten und katastrophale Folgen führen.
In den letzten zehn Jahren wurde bildgebenden 3-d-Modellierung in der Herzchirurgie zur Chirurgen die komplexe anatomische Anomalie4,5,6,7verstehen helfen. Dreidimensionale (3D) Drucktechnik kann helfen, die Modellierungsdaten in ein physikalisches Modell umzuwandeln. Im Vergleich mit der digitalen Rekonstruktion, könnte gedruckte physischen 3D-Modellen vorstellen, ein besseres Verständnis für die anatomischen Details und bieten eine intuitive Sicht der Fehlbildung. Für Aorten-Anomalie Chirurgie ist die gedruckte intuitive 3D-Modell wichtig, weil schlechtes Verständnis der Aorta Standorte katastrophal für die Patienten sein könnte. Während der Operation kann jeder Fehler zu unvorhersehbaren Blutungen und Verletzungen führen. Mithilfe der gedruckten Modelle, können Chirurgen die räumlichen Beziehungen der aortalen Äste verstehen. Während der Operation können die Chirurgen auch Echtzeit-Überprüfung der 3-d-Modelle um Verwechslungen der komplexen vaskulären Standorte durchführen.
Hier präsentieren wir Ihnen ein Protokoll um gedruckte 3D-Modelle für die präoperative Planung und intra-operative Führung beim Umgang mit angeborene Aortenerkrankungen anzuwenden. Kommerell Divertikel, eine Art von komplexen angeborenen Aortenstenose Anomalie, wurde als eine Fallstudie ausgewählt. Die Schritte umfassen Diagnose anhand der CT-Angiographie (CTA) imaging, Partitionierung Regionen von Interesse, 3D-Modelle, präoperative chirurgische Planung und intraoperative Überprüfung der gedruckte 3D-Modelle8zu bauen. Diese 3-d-Druck Strategie könnte die Verletzungsgefahr der unvorhersehbaren Gewebe während der Operation erheblich.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="911">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:247px;">3D printer</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:297px;">For 3D printing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Chaos Version 2.0</td>
			<td>Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For 3D segmentation and reconstruction</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly

Komplexe angeborene Aortenstenose Anomalien gehören verschiedene Arten von Fehlbildungen, die klinisch asymptomatisch oder Gegenwart mit Atem- oder Speiseröhrenkrebs Symptome sein können. Diese Anomalien können mit anderen angeborenen Herzerkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht werden. Es ist schwer, die genaue anatomische Gefäß Position von zweidimensionalen Bilddaten wie Computertomographie zu identifizieren. Als additive Fertigungsmethode dreidimensionale (3D) drucken können die gewonnenen Bilddaten in physischen 3D-Modellen. Dieses Protokoll beschreibt das Verfahren zur Modellierung der volumetrischen DICOM imaging in 3-d-Daten und drucken es als eine anatomisch realistischen 3D-Modell. Mit diesem Modell können Chirurgen identifizieren Schiff des komplexen Aorten Anomalien ist hilfreich für die präoperative Planung und intra-operative Führung.

Erwerb der CT-Angiographie-Bilder, digitale Modellierung und 3D-Druck erfolgten alle in einem Krankenhaus. Zwei Stunden wurden ausgegeben, um das 3-d-Modell aus der CT-Angiographie-Bild für den 3D-Druck bereit. Mit den Verfahren und den 3-d-Drucker hier, ein Patienten-spezifischen physischen 3D-Modell kann Ärzte schnell gesendet werden und die chirurgische Entscheidung rechtzeitig erzielt werden. Der Workflow vom Erwerb der CT-Angiographie-Daten zum 3-d-Druck wurde in <strong class="xfi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Hier präsentieren wir ein Protokoll, um dreidimensionale gedruckten Modelle für präoperative Planung und intraoperative Reorganisation des komplizierten Kreislauf Standorten verwenden, beim Umgang mit einer angeborenen Aortenstenose Anomalie.

Drei-dimensionale Druck einer komplexen Aorten Anomalie

Complex congenital aortic anomalies include diverse types of malformations that may be clinically asymptomatic or present with respiratory or esophageal ...

Diese Methode kann helfen, wichtige Fragen im komplexen Aorta-Anomaliefeld zum Kamera-DICOM zu beantworten. Der Hauptvorteil dieser Technik ist, dass 3D-gedrucktes Modell das Risiko von unvorhersehbaren Gewebeverletzungen während der komplexen Aortenchirurgie reduzieren kann. Für die Segmentierung einer Region von Interesse importieren Sie alle Computertomographie- und Geographiebilder in die Software in einem DICOM-Format und doppelklicken Sie, um den Patientenfall in der Fallbibliothek zu öffnen.Wählen Sie die DICOM-Serie aus, und klicken Sie auf Modellrecon, um die Modellrekonstruktionsseite zu öffnen. Lassen Sie einen Ingenieur und ein Team von Herzchirurgen die DICOM formatierten Rohdaten überprüfen, um wichtige anatomische Merkmale und Interessensgebiete zu identifizieren. Um den Bereich zu segmentieren, klicken Sie auf Schwellenwertsegmentierung, und passen Sie den Schwellenwertbereich für die Gefäßmaske an.Klicken Sie auf Bestätigen, um die Gefäßmaske in der Objektliste zu generieren, und klicken Sie auf Recon, um die 3D-Gefäßmaske im 3D-Viewer zu rekonstruieren. Klicken Sie erneut auf die Schwellensegmentierung, und passen Sie den Schwellenwertbereich für die Luftröhrenmaske an. Klicken Sie auf die Segmentsegmentierung, um den Bereich, der für das Mediumstinum und die Lunge von Interesse ist, zu begrenzen, und klicken Sie auf Maskenbearbeitung, um die Verbindung zwischen Luftröhre und Lunge zu löschen.Klicken Sie auf Region wachsen und klicken Sie auf einen beliebigen Punkt der Maske in einem der 2D-Viewer, um einen Seed auszuwählen. Bestätigen Sie, dass die Region als Ergebnis wächst und dass die Luftröhrenmaske in der Objektliste angezeigt wird. Klicken Sie dann auf Recon, um die 3D-Luftröhre im 3D-Viewer zu rekonstruieren und den Interessenbereich als Maske zu speichern.Klicken Sie bei der 3D-Rekonstruktion des Interessenbereichs auf Exportieren, um das 3D-Modell als Standard-Dreieckssprachendatei zu exportieren und das Modell in der Mitte der Gebäudeplattform zu positionieren. Richten Sie die Tangente der Gefäßmittellinie an ihrer Extremität aus, sodass sie parallel zur Z-Achse der Plattform verläuft. Unterstützungen werden automatisch zu den Überhängen generiert.Klicken Sie auf Slice, und speichern Sie die entsprechenden 3D-Druckparameter auf einem stereolithographischen Drucker. Scannen Sie nach dem Drucken die von der Software geschnittenen Konturen mit 405 Nanometer ultraviolettem Licht, um das lichtempfindliche Harz mit einer Scanrate von drei Metern pro Sekunde zu härten. Dann, vor der Operation, lassen die Chirurgen das 3D-gedruckte Modell verwenden, um detaillierte und genaue chirurgische Pläne für den Patienten zu erstellen, aus dem das 3D-Modell generiert wurde.Anhand von Bildern von der koronalen Ebene, der Querebene und der sagittalen Ebene kann das Computertomographie- und Geographiebild wie gezeigt in ein 3D-Modell rekonstruiert werden. In diesen Bildern kann die anatomische Beziehung zwischen der Aorta und der Luftröhre entlang der Y-Achse beobachtet werden. Nach ihrer Entwicklung ebnete diese Technologie den Weg für Forscher auf dem Gebiet des 3D-Drucks, um vaskuläre Anomalien in der Aortenchirurgie zu erforschen.

three-dimensional-printing-of-a-complex-aortic-anomaly

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical treatments and improved platinum-based chemotherapies, there has been little improvement in EOC survival rates for more than four decades 1,2. Whilst stage I tumors have 5-year survival rates &gt;85%, survival rates for stage III/IV disease are &lt;40%. Thus, the high rates of mortality for EOC could be significantly decreased if tumors were detected at earlier, more treatable, stages 3-5. At present, the molecular genetic and biological basis of early stage disease development is poorly understood. More specifically, little is known about the role of the microenvironment during tumor initiation; but known risk factors for EOCs (e.g. age and parity) suggest that the microenvironment plays a key role in the early genesis of EOCs. We therefore developed three-dimensional heterotypic models of both the normal ovary and of early stage ovarian cancers. For the normal ovary, we co-cultured normal ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE) and normal stromal fibroblast (INOF)&nbsp;cells, immortalized by retrovrial transduction of the catalytic subunit of human telomerase holoenzyme (hTERT) to extend the lifespan of these cells in culture. To model the earliest stages of ovarian epithelial cell transformation, overexpression of the CMYC oncogene in IOSE cells, again co-cultured with INOF cells. These heterotypic models were used to investigate the effects of aging and senescence on the transformation and invasion of epithelial cells. Here we describe the methodological steps in development of these three-dimensional model; these methodologies aren't specific to the development of normal ovary and ovarian cancer tissues, and could be used to study other tissue types where stromal and epithelial cell interactions are a fundamental aspect of the tissue maintenance and disease development.

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

We describe methodologies for establishing in vitro heterotypic three-dimensional models comprising ovarian fibroblasts and normal ovarian surface or ovarian cancer epithelial cells. We discuss the use of these models to study stromal-epithelial interactions that occur during ovarian cancer development.

Heterotypische Dreidimensionale<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Modellierung von Stromal-Epithelial Interaktionen beim Eierstockkrebs Initiation und Progression

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical ...

Forschung

Medizin

Three Dimensional Cultures: A Tool To Study Normal Acinar Architecture vs. Malignant Transformation Of Breast Cells

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The interplay of signals between cancer cells and their microenvironment exerts a powerful influence on breast cancer growth and biological behavior1. However, most of these signals from the extracellular matrix are lost or their relevance is understudied when cells are grown in two dimensional culture (2D) as a monolayer. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) culture on a reconstituted basement membrane has emerged as a method of choice to recapitulate the tissue architecture of benign and malignant breast cells. Cells grown in 3D retain the important cues from the extracellular matrix and provide a physiologically relevant ex&#160;vivo system2,3. Of note, there is growing evidence suggesting that cells behave differently when grown in 3D as compared to 2D4. 3D culture can be effectively used as a means to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype and for underpinning the cellular and molecular signaling involved3. One of the distinguishing characteristics of benign epithelial cells is that they are polarized so that the apical cytoplasm is towards the lumen and the basal cytoplasm rests on the basement membrane. This apico-basal polarity is lost in invasive breast carcinomas, which are characterized by cellular disorganization and formation of anastomosing and branching tubules that haphazardly infiltrates the surrounding stroma. These histopathological differences between benign gland and invasive carcinoma can be reproduced in 3D6,7. Using the appropriate read-outs like the quantitation of single round acinar structures, or differential expression of validated molecular markers for cell proliferation, polarity and apoptosis in combination with other molecular and cell biology techniques, 3D culture can provide an important tool to better understand the cellular changes during malignant transformation and for delineating the responsible signaling.

Three dimensional culture of mammary epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane is a useful method to recapitulate the in vivo architecture of the benign breast, and to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype. Importantly, this system can be applied to study invasive carcinomas in other tissues.

Dreidimensional Kulturen: Ein Werkzeug, um Architektur zu studieren Normale acinar gegen maligne Transformation von Brustzellen

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The ...

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional (3D) Model

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo. The current approach of culturing cells on two-dimensional (2D), plastic surfaces results in the disturbance and loss of complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment. Through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture assays, the conditions for cell-microenvironment interaction are established resembling the in vivo microenvironment. This article provides a detailed methodology to grow breast cancer cells in a 3D basement membrane protein matrix, exemplifying the potential of 3D culture in the assessment of cell invasion into the surrounding environment. In addition, we discuss how these 3D assays have the potential to examine the loss of signaling molecules that regulate epithelial morphology by immunostaining procedures. These studies aid to identify important mechanistic details into the processes regulating invasion, required for the spread of breast cancer.

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model

This article provides detailed methodologies for the use of three-dimensional (3D) assays to quantify breast cancer cell invasion. Specifically, we discuss the procedures required to set up such assays, quantification, and data analysis, as well as methods to examine the loss of membrane integrity that occurs when cells invade.

Quantifizierung der Brustkrebs-Zelle Invasivität Mit einem Drei-dimensionale (3D) Modell

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the ...

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal cells. The tumor microenvironment is comprised of a variety of cell types, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and bone-marrow-derived cells, embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a pro-tumorigenic role through the secretion of soluble factors, angiogenesis and ECM remodeling. The experimental models for cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion have mostly relied on two-dimensional monocellular and monolayer tissue cultures or Boyden chamber assays. However, these experiments do not precisely reflect the physiological or pathological conditions in a diseased organ. To gain a better understanding of tumor stromal or tumor matrix interactions, multicellular and three-dimensional cultures provide more powerful tools for investigating intercellular communication and ECM-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. As a platform for this type of study, we present an experimental model in which cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with primary cultures of CAFs.

Here we present a protocol to co-culture in three-dimensions, which is useful for investigating multicellular interactions and extracellular matrix-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. In this experimental model, cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with human cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Dreidimensionale Co-Kultur-Modell für Tumor-Stroma-Interaktion

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in particular (e.g., brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck &#8211; SCCHN) it is a cause of severe morbidity and can be life-threatening even in the absence of distant metastases. In addition, cancers which have relapsed following treatment unfortunately often present with a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, there is an opportunity to target the process of invasion to provide novel therapies that could be complementary to standard anti-proliferative agents. Until now, this strategy has been hampered by the lack of robust, reproducible assays suitable for a detailed analysis of invasion and for drug screening. Here we provide a simple micro-plate method (based on uniform, self-assembling 3D tumor spheroids) which has great potential for such studies. We exemplify the assay platform using a human glioblastoma cell line and also an SCCHN model where the development of resistance against targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is associated with enhanced matrix-invasive potential. We also provide two alternative methods of semi-automated quantification: one using an imaging cytometer and a second which simply requires standard microscopy and image capture with digital image analysis.

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is a defining characteristic of malignant tumors. We provide here a simple, semi-automated micro-plate assay of invasion into a natural 3D biomatrix that has been exemplified with a number of models of advanced human cancers.

Dreidimensionale (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasionsassay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from brown sea algae. Briefly, the tumor tissue is cut into small pieces and submitted to an enzymatic digestion with collagenase and trypsin. Next, a cell suspension is obtained. The tumor cell suspension is mixed with 1.2% sodium alginate and dropped into a CaCl2 solution, and the alginate/cell suspension is gelled on contact with the CaCl2 to form spherical beads. The cells embedded in the alginate beads are supplied with nutrients provided by the culture media enriched with 20% FBS. Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads maintains the viability of adenoma cells for long periods of time, up to four months. Moreover, the cells can be liberated from the alginate by washing the beads with sodium citrate and seeded on glass coverslips for further immunocytochemical analyses. The use of a cell culture model allows for the fixation and visualization of the actin cytoskeleton with minimal disorganization. In summary, alginate beads provide a reliable culture system for the maintenance of pituitary adenoma cells.

Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads, due to its simplicity and reproducibility, was chosen to maintain the pituitary adenoma cells. The procedures included an initial enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of the tumor tissue, and the subsequent cell suspension was encapsulated in alginate beads.

Dreidimensionale Alginat-Perle Kultur der Menschen Hypophysenadenom Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The accuracy of PVP mainly depends on the surgeons&#39; experience and multiple fluoroscopes during a traditional procedure. Puncture related complications were reported all over the world. To make the surgical procedure more precise and decrease the rate of puncture-related complications, our team applied a three-dimensional printing guide template to PVP to modify the traditional procedure. This protocol introduces how to model target vertebrae DICOM imaging data into three-dimensions in the software, how to simulate operation in this 3-D model, and how to use all of the surgical data to reconstruct a patient specific template for application. Using this template, surgeons can identify suitable puncture points accurately to improve the accuracy of the operation. The whole protocol includes: 1) diagnosis of the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; 2) acquisition of CT imaging of the target vertebra; 3) simulation of the operation in the software; 4) design and fabrication of the 3-D printing guide template; and 5) application of the template into an operation procedure.

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty PVP

Herein, we present a three-dimensional printing guide template for percutaneous vertebraplasty. A patient with a T11 vertebral compression fracture was selected as a case study.

Dreidimensionale Druckanleitung Vorlage Assistierte Perkutane Vertebropplastik (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The ...

Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. The model can be used for planning and simulating critical steps of a surgical approach. Therefore, it is important that anatomical structures such as blood vessels inside a tumor can be printed to be colored not only on their surface, but throughout their whole volume. During simulation this allows for the removal of certain parts (e.g., with a high-speed drill) and revealing internally located structures of a different color. Thus, diagnostic information from various imaging modalities (e.g., CT, MRI) can be combined in a single compact and tangible object.
However, preparation and printing of such a fully colored anatomical model remains a difficult task. Therefore, a step-by-step guide is provided, demonstrating the fusion of different cross-sectional imaging data sets, segmentation of anatomical structures, and creation of a virtual model. In a second step the virtual model is printed with volumetrically colored anatomical structures using a plaster-based color 3D binder jetting technique. This method allows highly accurate reproduction of patient-specific anatomy as shown in a series of 3D-printed petrous apex chondrosarcomas. Furthermore, the models created can be cut and drilled, revealing internal structures that allow for simulation of surgical procedures.

The protocol describes the fabrication of fully colored three-dimensional prints of patient-specific, anatomical skull models to be used for surgical simulation. The crucial steps of combining different imaging modalities, image segmentation, three-dimensional model extraction, and production of the prints are explained.

Mehrfarbiger 3D-Druck komplexer intrakranieller Tumoren in der Neurochirurgie

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. ...

Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is the clinically recommended procedure to improve and extend the life span of patients in advanced disease stages. However, only 10% of transplants are successful, with organ availability, presurgical and postsurgical procedures, and elevated costs directly correlated with that result. Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have emerged as an alternative for tissue restoration. Biocompatibility and graft acceptance are the main beneficial characteristics of those biomaterials. Although the capacity to restore the size and correct function of the liver has been evaluated in liver hepatectomy models, the use of scaffolds or some kind of support to replace the volume of the extirpated liver mass has not been assessed.
Partial hepatectomy was performed in a rat liver with the xenoimplantation of a collagen matrix scaffold (CMS) from a bovine condyle. Left liver lobe tissue was removed (approximately 40%), and an equal proportion of CMS was surgically implanted. Liver function tests were evaluated before and after the surgical procedure. After days 3, 14, and 21, the animals were euthanized, and macroscopic and histologic evaluations were performed. On days 3 and 14, adipose tissue was observed surrounding the CMS, with no clinical evidence of rejection or infection, as was vessel neoformation and CMS reabsorption at day 21. There was histologic evidence of an insignificant inflammation process and migration of adjacent cells to the CMS, observed with the hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) and Masson&#39;s trichrome staining. The CMS was shown to perform well in liver tissue and could be a useful alternative for studying tissue regeneration and repair in chronic liver diseases.

Liver diseases are induced by many causes that promote fibrosis or cirrhosis. Transplantation is the only option for recovering health. However, given the scarcity of transplantable organs, alternatives must be explored. Our research proposes the implantation of collagen scaffolds in liver tissue from an animal model.

Dreidimensionale Kollagenmatrix-Gerüstimplantation als Leberregenerationsstrategie

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, ...

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.

This experimental method describes a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation with three-dimensional finger motion tracking technology.

Dreidimensionales Finger Motion Tracking beim Needling: Eine Lösung für die kinematische Analyse der Akupunkturmanipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D ...