Name: three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly
Uploaded: 2018-11-01T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Gli autori riconoscono finanziamenti dalla National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81771971), Shanghai Pujiang programma (n. 14PJD008 e 17PJ1401500), "Chen Guang" progetto sostenuto dalla Commissione istruzione comunale di Shanghai e Shanghai istruzione Fondazione per lo sviluppo (n. 14 CG 06), Fondazione di scienze naturali di Shanghai (nn. 17411962800 e 17ZR1432900) e la scienza e tecnologia della Commissione della municipalità di Shanghai (17JC1400200). W.Z. riconosce finanziamenti dalla National Foundation Natural Science of China (31501555 e 81772007 e 21734003), programma della Cina 1000 giovani talenti, Commissione per l'educazione della municipalità di Shanghai (Young orientale cattedra Award) e della scienza e Tecnologia della Commissione della municipalità di Shanghai (17JC1400200 e 16391903900).

Lo studio presente è stato approvato dal comitato etico dell'ospedale Zhongshan Fudan University (B2016-142R) e tutti i partecipanti hanno dato il loro consenso informato.
1. diagnosi dell'anomalia aortica sintomi e acquisizione di dati di Imaging
<ol><li>Identificare i pazienti che hanno sintomi come dolore toracico, disfagia o una differenza di pressione sanguigna degli arti superiori nella clinica di paziente esterno. Escludere i pazienti che potrebbero essere intolleranti dell'operazion...

<ol>
	<li>Tanaka, A., Milner, R., Ota, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kommerell's+diverticulum+in+the+current+era:+a+comprehensive+review.">Kommerell's diverticulum in the current era: a comprehensive review.</a> General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 63 (5), 245-259 (2015).</li><li>Rosu, C., Dorval, J. F., Abraham, C. Z., Cartier, R., Demers, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-stage+hybrid+repair+of+right+aortic+arch+with+Kommerell's+Diverticulum.">Single-stage hybrid repair of right aortic arch with Kommerell's Diverticulum.</a> The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 103 (4), e381-e384 (2017).</li><li>Idrees, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid+repair+of+Kommerell+diverticulum.">Hybrid repair of Kommerell diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 147 (3), 973-976 (2014).</li><li>Kankala, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+arbitrary+3-D+components+in+cardiac+surgery:+from+macro-,+micro-+to+nanoscale.">Fabrication of arbitrary 3-D components in cardiac surgery: from macro-, micro- to nanoscale.</a> Biofabrication. 9 (3), 032002 (2017).</li><li>Vukicevic, M., Mosadegh, B., Min, J. K., Little, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+3-D+printing+and+its+future+directions.">Cardiac 3-D printing and its future directions.</a> JACC Cardiovascular Imaging. 10 (2), 171-184 (2017).</li><li>Yoo, S. J., Spray, T., Austin, E. H., Yun, T. J., van Arsdell, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hands-on+surgical+training+of+congenital+heart+surgery+using+3-dimensional+print+models.">Hands-on surgical training of congenital heart surgery using 3-dimensional print models.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (6), 1530-1540 (2017).</li><li>Hermsen, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scan,+print,+practice,+perform:+Development+and+use+of+a+patient-specific+3-dimensionalprinted+model+in+adult+cardiac+surgery.">Scan, print, practice, perform: Development and use of a patient-specific 3-dimensionalprinted model in adult cardiac surgery.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (1), 132-140 (2017).</li><li>Sun, X., Zhang, H., Zhu, K., Wang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+three-dimensional+printing+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Patient-specific three-dimensional printing for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 255, 184-187 (2018).</li><li>Ota, T., Okada, K., Takanashi, S., Yamamoto, S., Okita, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+treatment+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Surgical treatment for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 131 (3), 574-578 (2006).</li><li>Agematsu, K., Ueda, T., Hoshino, S., Nishiya, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rupture+of+Kommerell+diverticulum+after+total+arch+replacement.">Rupture of Kommerell diverticulum after total arch replacement.</a> Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 11 (6), 800-802 (2010).</li></ol>

Anomalie congenite aortiche comprendono un raro spettro di malattie cardiovascolari, che spesso mostrano anomalie complesse aortiche. Imaging per applicazioni mediche, quali il CT e MR, sono tenuti a delucidare anomalie complesse dell'arco aortico, l'anomala ramificazione pattern, il loro rapporto con la trachea e l'esofago e altre patologie collegate. L'angiografia di CT e il signor può fornire informazioni 2-D di posizioni vaso aortico. Con ricostruzione 3D digitale di formazione immagine 2-D, il rapporto anatomico de...

Anomalie congenite aortiche sono estremamente rare malformazioni congenite del sistema dell'arco aortico. Può essere diagnosticate mediante analisi di imaging o valutazione di entità come disfagia o subclavian rubi1. In scenari clinici, è importante individuare l'anomalia anatomica nello spazio chirurgico limitato che ha limitato la visualizzazione durante la chirurgia2,3. Attualmente, imaging planare convenzionale bidimensionale (2D), come la tomografia computata (CT) e formazione immagine a risonanza magnetica (MRI), solitamente vengono presentati ai chirurghi prima dell'intervento. Tuttavia, è difficile per i chirurghi all'immagine l'anomalia basato sull'imaging 2D. Di conseguenza, potrebbe incontrano difficoltà imprevedibili durante il tentativo di separare i complessi vasi aortici durante la chirurgia. Lesioni imprevedibili per la nave, la trachea e l'esofago potrebbero verificarsi e provocare esiti disastrosi.
Nell'ultimo decennio, modellazione 3D imaging è stato utilizzato in cardiochirurgia per aiutare i chirurghi all'anomalia anatomica complessa4,5,6,7. Tecnologia di stampa tridimensionale (3D) può aiutare a convertire i dati di modellazione in un modello fisico. Confrontato con la ricostruzione digitale, 3D stampati modelli fisici potrebbero presentare una migliore comprensione dei dettagli anatomici e fornire una visione intuitiva della malformazione. Per la chirurgia di anomalia aortica, stampato modello 3D intuizionale è significativo perché scarsa comprensione delle posizioni aortiche potrebbe essere disastroso per i pazienti. Durante l'intervento chirurgico, ogni errore potrebbe portare a sanguinamento imprevedibile e lesioni. Utilizzando i modelli stampati, chirurghi possono comprendere appieno le relazioni spaziali dei rami aortici. Durante l'intervento chirurgico, i chirurghi possono anche eseguire revisione in tempo reale dei modelli 3-d per evitare confusione dei percorsi vascolari complessi.
Qui, presentiamo un protocollo per applicare modelli 3D stampati per pianificazione pre-operatoria e di orientamento intra-operatoria mentre si occupano di malattie congenite aortiche. Diverticolo di Kommerell, un tipo di anomalia aortica congenita complessa, è stato selezionato come caso di studio. I passaggi includono diagnosi basata su angiografia di tomografia computata (CTA) imaging, partizionamento regioni di interesse, costruzione di modelli 3D, progettazione chirurgica preoperative ed esaminare intra-operatoria di modelli 3D stampato8. Questa strategia di stampa 3-d poteva ridurre sostanzialmente il rischio di lesione del tessuto imprevedibile durante l'intervento chirurgico.

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	<tbody>
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			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:247px;">3D printer</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:297px;">For 3D printing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Chaos Version 2.0</td>
			<td>Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For 3D segmentation and reconstruction</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly

Le anomalie aortiche congenite complesse includono diversi tipi di malformazioni che possono essere clinicamente asintomatici o presenti con i sintomi respiratori o esofagei. Queste anomalie possono essere associate con altre malattie di cuore congenite. È difficile identificare la posizione anatomica precisa nave da dati di imaging bidimensionale, come la tomografia computata. Come metodo di produzione additiva, stampa tridimensionale (3D) può convertire i dati di immagini acquisiti in modelli fisici 3D. Questo protocollo descrive la procedura per la modellazione il DICOM volumetrico di imaging in dati 3D e la stampa come un modello 3D anatomicamente realistico. Utilizzando questo modello, chirurghi possono identificare la posizione di nave di anomalie complesse aortiche, che è utile per la pianificazione pre-operatoria e di orientamento intra-operatoria.

Acquisizione di immagini di angiografia, modellazione digitale e stampa 3-d di CT erano tutti fatto in un ospedale. Due ore sono stati spesi per ottenere il modello 3D dall'immagine di angiografia di CT pronti per la stampa 3D. Utilizzando la procedura e la stampante 3D qui, un modello fisico 3D paziente-specifici possa essere inviato ai medici rapidamente e la decisione chirurgica può essere fatta in tempo. Il flusso di lavoro dall'acquisizione dei dati di angiografia di CT di stampa 3-...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Qui, presentiamo un protocollo per utilizzare modelli stampati tridimensionali per la pianificazione preoperatoria e intraoperatoria riorganizzazione dei percorsi vascolari complicati quando si maneggia un'anomalia aortica congenita.

Stampa tridimensionale di un'anomalia aortica complessa

Complex congenital aortic anomalies include diverse types of malformations that may be clinically asymptomatic or present with respiratory or esophageal ...

Questo metodo può aiutare a rispondere alle domande chiave nel complesso campo dell'anomalia aorta sul DICOM della fotocamera. Il vantaggio principale di questa tecnica è che il modello stampato in 3D può ridurre il rischio di lesioni tissutali imprevedibili durante la complessa chirurgia aortica. Per la segmentazione di una regione di interesse importare tutte le immagini di tomografia e geografia calcolate nel software in formato DICOM e fare doppio clic per aprire il caso del paziente all'interno della libreria di casi.Selezionate la serie DICOM e fate clic su ricognizione modello (Model Recon) per aprire la pagina ricostruzione modello (Model Reconstruction). Fare in modo che un ingegnere e un team di cardiochirurchi rivedano i dati grezzi formattati DICOM per identificare le caratteristiche anatomiche chiave e le regioni di interesse. Per segmentare l'area, fate clic sulla segmentazione della soglia e regolate l'intervallo di soglia per la maschera vascolare.Fate clic su conferma (Confirm) per generare la maschera vascolare all'interno dell'elenco degli oggetti e fate clic su ricognizione per ricostruire la maschera vascolare 3D all'interno del visualizzatore 3D. Fate di nuovo clic sulla segmentazione della soglia e regolate l'intervallo di soglia per la maschera trachea. Fare clic sulla segmentazione del perimetro di selezione per limitare la regione di interesse al mediastino e al polmone e fare clic su maschera di modifica per cancellare la connessione tra la trachea e il polmone.Fai clic sull'area di crescita e fai clic su un punto qualsiasi della maschera in uno qualsiasi degli spettatori 2D per selezionare un seme. Verificare che l'area cresca di conseguenza e che la maschera trachea verrà mostrata nell'elenco degli oggetti. Quindi fai clic su ricognitore per ricostruire la trachea 3D nel visualizzatore 3D e salvare la regione di interesse come maschera.Per la ricostruzione 3D dell'area di interesse fare clic sull'esportazione per esportare il modello 3D come file di linguaggio triangolare standard e posizionare il modello al centro della piattaforma di costruzione. Allineare la tangente della linea centrale del contenitore alla sua estremità in modo che sia parallela all'asse Z della piattaforma. I supporti verranno generati automaticamente alle sporgenze.Fare clic su slice e salvare e impostare i parametri di stampa 3D appropriati su una stampante stereolitografica. Dopo la stampa, scansionare i contorni affettati dal software con luce ultravioletta di 405 nanometri per indurire la resina fotosensibile a una velocità di scansione di tre metri al secondo. Quindi, prima dell'intervento chirurgico, chiedere ai chirurghi di utilizzare il modello stampato in 3D per realizzare piani chirurgici dettagliati e accurati per il paziente da cui è stato generato il modello 3D.Usando immagini dal piano coronale, dal piano trasversale e dal piano sagittale, la tomografia computerizzata e l'immagine geografica possono essere ricostruite in un modello 3D come dimostrato. In queste immagini si può osservare la relazione anatomica tra l'aorta e la trachea lungo l'asse Y. Dopo il suo sviluppo, questa tecnologia ha spianato la strada ai ricercatori nel campo della stampa 3D per esplorare l'anomalia vascolare nella chirurgia aortica.

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Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical treatments and improved platinum-based chemotherapies, there has been little improvement in EOC survival rates for more than four decades 1,2. Whilst stage I tumors have 5-year survival rates &gt;85%, survival rates for stage III/IV disease are &lt;40%. Thus, the high rates of mortality for EOC could be significantly decreased if tumors were detected at earlier, more treatable, stages 3-5. At present, the molecular genetic and biological basis of early stage disease development is poorly understood. More specifically, little is known about the role of the microenvironment during tumor initiation; but known risk factors for EOCs (e.g. age and parity) suggest that the microenvironment plays a key role in the early genesis of EOCs. We therefore developed three-dimensional heterotypic models of both the normal ovary and of early stage ovarian cancers. For the normal ovary, we co-cultured normal ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE) and normal stromal fibroblast (INOF)&nbsp;cells, immortalized by retrovrial transduction of the catalytic subunit of human telomerase holoenzyme (hTERT) to extend the lifespan of these cells in culture. To model the earliest stages of ovarian epithelial cell transformation, overexpression of the CMYC oncogene in IOSE cells, again co-cultured with INOF cells. These heterotypic models were used to investigate the effects of aging and senescence on the transformation and invasion of epithelial cells. Here we describe the methodological steps in development of these three-dimensional model; these methodologies aren't specific to the development of normal ovary and ovarian cancer tissues, and could be used to study other tissue types where stromal and epithelial cell interactions are a fundamental aspect of the tissue maintenance and disease development.

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

We describe methodologies for establishing in vitro heterotypic three-dimensional models comprising ovarian fibroblasts and normal ovarian surface or ovarian cancer epithelial cells. We discuss the use of these models to study stromal-epithelial interactions that occur during ovarian cancer development.

Eterotipica tridimensionale<em&gt; In Vitro</emModellazione&gt; di stromale-epiteliali interazioni Durante iniziazione e la progressione del cancro ovarico

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical ...

Ricerca

Medicina

Three Dimensional Cultures: A Tool To Study Normal Acinar Architecture vs. Malignant Transformation Of Breast Cells

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The interplay of signals between cancer cells and their microenvironment exerts a powerful influence on breast cancer growth and biological behavior1. However, most of these signals from the extracellular matrix are lost or their relevance is understudied when cells are grown in two dimensional culture (2D) as a monolayer. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) culture on a reconstituted basement membrane has emerged as a method of choice to recapitulate the tissue architecture of benign and malignant breast cells. Cells grown in 3D retain the important cues from the extracellular matrix and provide a physiologically relevant ex&#160;vivo system2,3. Of note, there is growing evidence suggesting that cells behave differently when grown in 3D as compared to 2D4. 3D culture can be effectively used as a means to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype and for underpinning the cellular and molecular signaling involved3. One of the distinguishing characteristics of benign epithelial cells is that they are polarized so that the apical cytoplasm is towards the lumen and the basal cytoplasm rests on the basement membrane. This apico-basal polarity is lost in invasive breast carcinomas, which are characterized by cellular disorganization and formation of anastomosing and branching tubules that haphazardly infiltrates the surrounding stroma. These histopathological differences between benign gland and invasive carcinoma can be reproduced in 3D6,7. Using the appropriate read-outs like the quantitation of single round acinar structures, or differential expression of validated molecular markers for cell proliferation, polarity and apoptosis in combination with other molecular and cell biology techniques, 3D culture can provide an important tool to better understand the cellular changes during malignant transformation and for delineating the responsible signaling.

Three dimensional culture of mammary epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane is a useful method to recapitulate the in vivo architecture of the benign breast, and to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype. Importantly, this system can be applied to study invasive carcinomas in other tissues.

Tre Culture dimensionali: strumento per studiare normale acinose Architettura vs trasformazione maligna delle cellule mammarie

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The ...

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional (3D) Model

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo. The current approach of culturing cells on two-dimensional (2D), plastic surfaces results in the disturbance and loss of complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment. Through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture assays, the conditions for cell-microenvironment interaction are established resembling the in vivo microenvironment. This article provides a detailed methodology to grow breast cancer cells in a 3D basement membrane protein matrix, exemplifying the potential of 3D culture in the assessment of cell invasion into the surrounding environment. In addition, we discuss how these 3D assays have the potential to examine the loss of signaling molecules that regulate epithelial morphology by immunostaining procedures. These studies aid to identify important mechanistic details into the processes regulating invasion, required for the spread of breast cancer.

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model

This article provides detailed methodologies for the use of three-dimensional (3D) assays to quantify breast cancer cell invasion. Specifically, we discuss the procedures required to set up such assays, quantification, and data analysis, as well as methods to examine the loss of membrane integrity that occurs when cells invade.

Quantificazione del cancro al seno Cellula Invasività Utilizzando una tridimensionale (3D) Modello

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the ...

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal cells. The tumor microenvironment is comprised of a variety of cell types, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and bone-marrow-derived cells, embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a pro-tumorigenic role through the secretion of soluble factors, angiogenesis and ECM remodeling. The experimental models for cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion have mostly relied on two-dimensional monocellular and monolayer tissue cultures or Boyden chamber assays. However, these experiments do not precisely reflect the physiological or pathological conditions in a diseased organ. To gain a better understanding of tumor stromal or tumor matrix interactions, multicellular and three-dimensional cultures provide more powerful tools for investigating intercellular communication and ECM-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. As a platform for this type of study, we present an experimental model in which cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with primary cultures of CAFs.

Here we present a protocol to co-culture in three-dimensions, which is useful for investigating multicellular interactions and extracellular matrix-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. In this experimental model, cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with human cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Tridimensionale Co-cultura Modello di tumore stromale-Interaction

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in particular (e.g., brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck &#8211; SCCHN) it is a cause of severe morbidity and can be life-threatening even in the absence of distant metastases. In addition, cancers which have relapsed following treatment unfortunately often present with a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, there is an opportunity to target the process of invasion to provide novel therapies that could be complementary to standard anti-proliferative agents. Until now, this strategy has been hampered by the lack of robust, reproducible assays suitable for a detailed analysis of invasion and for drug screening. Here we provide a simple micro-plate method (based on uniform, self-assembling 3D tumor spheroids) which has great potential for such studies. We exemplify the assay platform using a human glioblastoma cell line and also an SCCHN model where the development of resistance against targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is associated with enhanced matrix-invasive potential. We also provide two alternative methods of semi-automated quantification: one using an imaging cytometer and a second which simply requires standard microscopy and image capture with digital image analysis.

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is a defining characteristic of malignant tumors. We provide here a simple, semi-automated micro-plate assay of invasion into a natural 3D biomatrix that has been exemplified with a number of models of advanced human cancers.

Tridimensionale (3D) Tumore Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from brown sea algae. Briefly, the tumor tissue is cut into small pieces and submitted to an enzymatic digestion with collagenase and trypsin. Next, a cell suspension is obtained. The tumor cell suspension is mixed with 1.2% sodium alginate and dropped into a CaCl2 solution, and the alginate/cell suspension is gelled on contact with the CaCl2 to form spherical beads. The cells embedded in the alginate beads are supplied with nutrients provided by the culture media enriched with 20% FBS. Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads maintains the viability of adenoma cells for long periods of time, up to four months. Moreover, the cells can be liberated from the alginate by washing the beads with sodium citrate and seeded on glass coverslips for further immunocytochemical analyses. The use of a cell culture model allows for the fixation and visualization of the actin cytoskeleton with minimal disorganization. In summary, alginate beads provide a reliable culture system for the maintenance of pituitary adenoma cells.

Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads, due to its simplicity and reproducibility, was chosen to maintain the pituitary adenoma cells. The procedures included an initial enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of the tumor tissue, and the subsequent cell suspension was encapsulated in alginate beads.

Tridimensionale alginato-tallone coltura di cellule umane adenoma ipofisario

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The accuracy of PVP mainly depends on the surgeons&#39; experience and multiple fluoroscopes during a traditional procedure. Puncture related complications were reported all over the world. To make the surgical procedure more precise and decrease the rate of puncture-related complications, our team applied a three-dimensional printing guide template to PVP to modify the traditional procedure. This protocol introduces how to model target vertebrae DICOM imaging data into three-dimensions in the software, how to simulate operation in this 3-D model, and how to use all of the surgical data to reconstruct a patient specific template for application. Using this template, surgeons can identify suitable puncture points accurately to improve the accuracy of the operation. The whole protocol includes: 1) diagnosis of the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; 2) acquisition of CT imaging of the target vertebra; 3) simulation of the operation in the software; 4) design and fabrication of the 3-D printing guide template; and 5) application of the template into an operation procedure.

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty PVP

Herein, we present a three-dimensional printing guide template for percutaneous vertebraplasty. A patient with a T11 vertebral compression fracture was selected as a case study.

Vertebroplastica percutanea percutanea percutanea (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The ...

Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. The model can be used for planning and simulating critical steps of a surgical approach. Therefore, it is important that anatomical structures such as blood vessels inside a tumor can be printed to be colored not only on their surface, but throughout their whole volume. During simulation this allows for the removal of certain parts (e.g., with a high-speed drill) and revealing internally located structures of a different color. Thus, diagnostic information from various imaging modalities (e.g., CT, MRI) can be combined in a single compact and tangible object.
However, preparation and printing of such a fully colored anatomical model remains a difficult task. Therefore, a step-by-step guide is provided, demonstrating the fusion of different cross-sectional imaging data sets, segmentation of anatomical structures, and creation of a virtual model. In a second step the virtual model is printed with volumetrically colored anatomical structures using a plaster-based color 3D binder jetting technique. This method allows highly accurate reproduction of patient-specific anatomy as shown in a series of 3D-printed petrous apex chondrosarcomas. Furthermore, the models created can be cut and drilled, revealing internal structures that allow for simulation of surgical procedures.

The protocol describes the fabrication of fully colored three-dimensional prints of patient-specific, anatomical skull models to be used for surgical simulation. The crucial steps of combining different imaging modalities, image segmentation, three-dimensional model extraction, and production of the prints are explained.

Stampa 3D multicolore di tumori intracranici complessi in neurochirurgia

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. ...

Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is the clinically recommended procedure to improve and extend the life span of patients in advanced disease stages. However, only 10% of transplants are successful, with organ availability, presurgical and postsurgical procedures, and elevated costs directly correlated with that result. Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have emerged as an alternative for tissue restoration. Biocompatibility and graft acceptance are the main beneficial characteristics of those biomaterials. Although the capacity to restore the size and correct function of the liver has been evaluated in liver hepatectomy models, the use of scaffolds or some kind of support to replace the volume of the extirpated liver mass has not been assessed.
Partial hepatectomy was performed in a rat liver with the xenoimplantation of a collagen matrix scaffold (CMS) from a bovine condyle. Left liver lobe tissue was removed (approximately 40%), and an equal proportion of CMS was surgically implanted. Liver function tests were evaluated before and after the surgical procedure. After days 3, 14, and 21, the animals were euthanized, and macroscopic and histologic evaluations were performed. On days 3 and 14, adipose tissue was observed surrounding the CMS, with no clinical evidence of rejection or infection, as was vessel neoformation and CMS reabsorption at day 21. There was histologic evidence of an insignificant inflammation process and migration of adjacent cells to the CMS, observed with the hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) and Masson&#39;s trichrome staining. The CMS was shown to perform well in liver tissue and could be a useful alternative for studying tissue regeneration and repair in chronic liver diseases.

Liver diseases are induced by many causes that promote fibrosis or cirrhosis. Transplantation is the only option for recovering health. However, given the scarcity of transplantable organs, alternatives must be explored. Our research proposes the implantation of collagen scaffolds in liver tissue from an animal model.

Impianto tridimensionale di scaffold a matrice di collagene come strategia di rigenerazione epatica

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, ...

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.

This experimental method describes a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation with three-dimensional finger motion tracking technology.

Tracciamento tridimensionale del movimento delle dita durante il needling: una soluzione per l'analisi cinematica della manipolazione dell'agopuntura

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D ...