Name: three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly
Uploaded: 2018-11-01T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

저자는 "첸 Guang" 상하이 시 교육 위원회와 상하이 교육 프로젝트 지원 국가 자연 과학 재단의 중국 (No. 81771971), 상하이 푸 프로그램 (No. 14PJD008 및 17PJ1401500)에서 자금 인정 개발 재단 (CG 06 14 호), 상하이 (번 17411962800 및 17ZR1432900), 그리고 과학의 자연 과학 재단 및 상해 자치 제 (17JC1400200)의 기술 위원회. W.Z. 인정 중국의 1000 젊은 재능 프로그램, 상하이 시 (영 동부 교수 수상), 그리고 과학의 교육 위원회는 국가 자연 과학 재단의 중국에서 (31501555 및 81772007, 및 21734003), 자금 및 상하이 시의 기술 위원회 (17JC1400200 및 16391903900).

현재 연구는 중산 병원 복 단 대학 (B2016-142R)의 윤리 위원회에 의해 승인 되었다 그리고 모든 참가자 준 그들의 동의.
1. 증상 및 영상 데이터의 수집에 의해 대동맥 변칙의 진단
<ol><li>외래 환자 클리닉 가슴 통증, 부전 실어증, 또는 위 사지의 혈압 차이 등의 증상이 있는 환자를 식별 합니다. 작업의 관용 수 있습니다 누가 환자를 제외 합니다.</li>
	<li>Kommerell의 계실<sup class="x...

<ol>
	<li>Tanaka, A., Milner, R., Ota, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kommerell's+diverticulum+in+the+current+era:+a+comprehensive+review.">Kommerell's diverticulum in the current era: a comprehensive review.</a> General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 63 (5), 245-259 (2015).</li><li>Rosu, C., Dorval, J. F., Abraham, C. Z., Cartier, R., Demers, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-stage+hybrid+repair+of+right+aortic+arch+with+Kommerell's+Diverticulum.">Single-stage hybrid repair of right aortic arch with Kommerell's Diverticulum.</a> The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 103 (4), e381-e384 (2017).</li><li>Idrees, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid+repair+of+Kommerell+diverticulum.">Hybrid repair of Kommerell diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 147 (3), 973-976 (2014).</li><li>Kankala, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+arbitrary+3-D+components+in+cardiac+surgery:+from+macro-,+micro-+to+nanoscale.">Fabrication of arbitrary 3-D components in cardiac surgery: from macro-, micro- to nanoscale.</a> Biofabrication. 9 (3), 032002 (2017).</li><li>Vukicevic, M., Mosadegh, B., Min, J. K., Little, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+3-D+printing+and+its+future+directions.">Cardiac 3-D printing and its future directions.</a> JACC Cardiovascular Imaging. 10 (2), 171-184 (2017).</li><li>Yoo, S. J., Spray, T., Austin, E. H., Yun, T. J., van Arsdell, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hands-on+surgical+training+of+congenital+heart+surgery+using+3-dimensional+print+models.">Hands-on surgical training of congenital heart surgery using 3-dimensional print models.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (6), 1530-1540 (2017).</li><li>Hermsen, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scan,+print,+practice,+perform:+Development+and+use+of+a+patient-specific+3-dimensionalprinted+model+in+adult+cardiac+surgery.">Scan, print, practice, perform: Development and use of a patient-specific 3-dimensionalprinted model in adult cardiac surgery.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (1), 132-140 (2017).</li><li>Sun, X., Zhang, H., Zhu, K., Wang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+three-dimensional+printing+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Patient-specific three-dimensional printing for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 255, 184-187 (2018).</li><li>Ota, T., Okada, K., Takanashi, S., Yamamoto, S., Okita, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+treatment+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Surgical treatment for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 131 (3), 574-578 (2006).</li><li>Agematsu, K., Ueda, T., Hoshino, S., Nishiya, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rupture+of+Kommerell+diverticulum+after+total+arch+replacement.">Rupture of Kommerell diverticulum after total arch replacement.</a> Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 11 (6), 800-802 (2010).</li></ol>

종종 복잡 한 대동맥 예외를 표시 하는 심혈 관 질환의 드문 스펙트럼을 구성 하는 선 천 성 대동맥 변칙. 코네티컷과 미스터, 같은 의료 영상, 복잡 한 대동맥 아치 예외를 명료 하 게 하는 데 필요한, 비정상적인 패턴, 기도와 식도, 그들의 관계를 분기 및 다른 관련 된 병 리. 코네티컷과 미스터 혈관 대동맥 혈관 위치의 2 차원 정보를 제공할 수 있습니다. 2 차원 영상의 3 차원 디지털 재건와 대동?...

선 천 성 대동맥 예외는 극히 드문 선 천 성 기형 대동맥 아치 시스템의. 그들은 이미징 분석 또는 부전 실어증 같은 단체의 평가 의해 진단 될 수 있습니다 또는 하 도용1. 임상 시나리오에서는 수술2,3중 시각화 제한 된 좁은 수술 공간에서 해 부 변칙을 식별 하는 것이 중요입니다. 현재, 기존의 평면 2 차원 (2 차원) 영상, 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 (CT), 자기 공명 영상 (MRI), 등 일반적으로 외과 수술을 하기 전에 제공 됩니다. 그러나, 2 차원 영상에 따라 예외를 이미지를 외과 대 한 어렵습니다. 따라서, 그들은 수술 하는 동안 복잡 한 대동맥 혈관을 분리 하는 동안 예측할 수 없는 문제가 발생할 수 있습니다. 선박, 기도 식도를 예측할 수 없는 부상 발생 하 고 비참 한 결과에 결과 수 있습니다.
지난 10 년간, 3 차원 이미징 모델링 이해 복잡 한 해 부 변칙4,5,,67외과 수 있도록 심장 수술에서 사용 되었습니다. 3 차원 (3 차원) 인쇄 기술 실제 모델에 모델링 데이터를 변환할 수 있습니다. 디지털 개조와 비교 하면, 3 차원 인쇄 실제 모델 해 부 세부 사항을의 더 나은 이해를 제시 수 고 흉한의 직관적인 보기를 제공 합니다. 대동맥 변칙 수술에 대 한 인쇄 된 직관적인 3 차원 모델은 대동맥 위치의 빈약한 이해 환자에 게 재앙이 될 수 있기 때문에 중요 한. 수술 하는 동안 어떤 실수 예측할 수 없는 출혈과 손상 발생할 수 있습니다. 인쇄 된 모델을 사용 하 여, 외과 대동맥 분 지의 공간 관계를 완벽 하 게 이해할 수 있다. 수술 중 외과 의사는 복잡 한 혈관 위치의 혼동을 피하기 위해 3 차원 모델의 실시간 검토를 수행할 수도 있습니다.
여기, 우리가 현재 수술 계획 및 선 천 성 대동맥 질환을 다루는 동안 내부 요원 안내에 대 한 3 차원 인쇄 모델을 적용 하는 프로토콜. Kommerell의 계실, 복잡 한 선 천 성 대동맥 변칙, 유형의 사례 연구로 선정 되었습니다. 단계 진단 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 혈관 (CTA) 이미징, 관심 영역을 분할 3 차원 모델, 수술 전 수술 계획 및 3 차원 인쇄 모델8의 내부 요원 검토에 따라 포함 됩니다. 이 3 차원 인쇄 전략 실질적으로 수술 하는 동안 예측할 수 없는 조직 상해의 위험을 줄일 수 있습니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="911">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:247px;">3D printer</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:297px;">For 3D printing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Chaos Version 2.0</td>
			<td>Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For 3D segmentation and reconstruction</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly

복잡 한 선 천 성 대동맥 변칙 기형의 임상적으로 무 증상 또는 호흡기 나 식도 증상으로 될 수 있는 다양 한 유형이 포함 됩니다. 이러한 예외는 다른 선 천 성 심장 질환과 관련 있을 수 있습니다. 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 등의 2 차원 영상 데이터에서 정확한 해부학 선박 위치를 식별 하는 것이 어렵다. 첨가제 제조 방법으로 3 차원 (3 차원) 인쇄 3 차원 물리 모델에 은밀 하 게를 수집 된 영상 데이터를 수 있습니다. 이 프로토콜 3 차원 데이터 이미징 및 해부학 현실적인 3 차원 모델로 서 인쇄 체적 DICOM 모델링 절차를 설명 합니다. 이 모델을 사용 하 여, 외과 식별할 수 있습니다 복잡 한 대동맥 예외의 선박 위치는 수술 계획 및 내부 요원 안내에 대 한 도움이 됩니다.

모든 병원에서 CT angiography 이미지, 디지털 모델링 및 3 차원 인쇄의 수집 행 해졌다. 2 시간 3 차원 인쇄 준비 CT angiography 이미지에서 3 차원 모델을 얻을에 소비 되었다. 여기 절차 및 3 차원 프린터를 사용, 환자 전용 3 차원 물리적 모델 신속 하 게 의사에 게 보낼 수 있습니다 그리고 수술 결정 시간에 만들 수 있습니다. 3 차원 인쇄 CT angiography 데이터의 수집에서 워크플로 <s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

여기, 우리는 선 천 성 대동맥 예외를 처리할 때 수술 계획 및 복잡 한 혈관 위치의 내부 요원 개편에 대 한 3 차원 인쇄 모델을 사용 하는 프로토콜을 제시.

복잡 한 대동맥 변칙의 3 차원 인쇄

Complex congenital aortic anomalies include diverse types of malformations that may be clinically asymptomatic or present with respiratory or esophageal ...

이 방법은 카메라 DICOM에 대한 복잡한 대자 변칙 필드에서 주요 질문에 대답하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 이 기술의 주요 장점은 3D 인쇄 모델이 복잡한 대동맥 수술 중 예측할 수없는 조직 손상의 위험을 줄일 수 있다는 것입니다. 관심 영역의 세분화를 위해 모든 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 및 지리 이미지를 DICOM 형식으로 소프트웨어로 가져오고 두 번 클릭하여 사례 라이브러리 내에서 환자 사례를 엽니다.DICOM 시리즈를 선택하고 모델 정찰을 클릭하여 모델 재구성 페이지를 엽니다. 엔지니어와 심장 외과 의사 팀이 DICOM 형식의 원시 데이터를 검토하여 주요 해부학 기능 및 관심 영역을 식별하도록 하십시오. 영역을 분할하려면 임계값 분할을 클릭하고 혈관 마스크의 임계값 범위를 조정합니다.개체 목록 내에서 혈관 마스크를 생성하려면 확인을 클릭하고 재구성을 클릭하여 3D 뷰어 내에서 3D 혈관 마스크를 재구성합니다. 임계값 세분화를 다시 클릭하고 기관 마스크의 임계값 범위를 조정합니다. 윤곽 분할을 클릭하여 관심 영역을 중식 및 폐로 제한하고 마스크 편집을 클릭하여 기관과 폐 사이의 연결을 지웁웁습니다.영역을 클릭하고 2D 뷰어 중 하나에서 마스크 지점을 클릭하여 시드를 선택합니다. 그 결과 영역이 성장하고 기관 마스크가 개체 목록에 표시되어 있음을 확인합니다. 그런 다음 재구성을 클릭하여 3D 뷰어의 3D 기관을 재구성하고 관심 영역을 마스크로 저장합니다.관심 영역의 3D 재구성을 위해 내보내기를 클릭하여 3D 모델을 표준 삼각형 언어 파일로 내보내고 모델을 건물 플랫폼의 중앙에 배치합니다. 배의 접선을 단단에 정렬하여 플랫폼의 Z 축과 평행하게 정렬합니다. 지원은 오버행에 자동으로 생성됩니다.슬라이스를 클릭하고 스테레오리토그래피 프린터에서 적절한 3D 인쇄 매개 변수를 저장하고 설정합니다. 인쇄 후 소프트웨어에 의해 슬라이스된 윤곽을 405나노미터 자외선으로 스캔하여 초당 3미터의 스캔 속도로 감광성 수지를 강화합니다. 그런 다음 수술 전에 외과 의사가 3D 인쇄 모델을 사용하여 3D 모델이 생성된 환자를 위한 상세하고 정확한 수술 계획을 세밀하게 만들어야합니다.코로나 평면, 횡방향 평면 및 좌측 평면의 이미지를 사용하여 계산된 단층 촬영 및 지리 이미지를 시연된 대로 3D 모델로 재구성할 수 있습니다. 이러한 이미지에서는 대오르타와 Y축을 따라 기관 사이의 해부학적 관계를 관찰할 수 있다. 개발 후, 이 기술은 대동맥 수술에서 혈관 이상을 탐구하는 3D 프린팅 분야의 연구자들이 길을 열었습니다.

three-dimensional-printing-of-a-complex-aortic-anomaly

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical treatments and improved platinum-based chemotherapies, there has been little improvement in EOC survival rates for more than four decades 1,2. Whilst stage I tumors have 5-year survival rates &gt;85%, survival rates for stage III/IV disease are &lt;40%. Thus, the high rates of mortality for EOC could be significantly decreased if tumors were detected at earlier, more treatable, stages 3-5. At present, the molecular genetic and biological basis of early stage disease development is poorly understood. More specifically, little is known about the role of the microenvironment during tumor initiation; but known risk factors for EOCs (e.g. age and parity) suggest that the microenvironment plays a key role in the early genesis of EOCs. We therefore developed three-dimensional heterotypic models of both the normal ovary and of early stage ovarian cancers. For the normal ovary, we co-cultured normal ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE) and normal stromal fibroblast (INOF)&nbsp;cells, immortalized by retrovrial transduction of the catalytic subunit of human telomerase holoenzyme (hTERT) to extend the lifespan of these cells in culture. To model the earliest stages of ovarian epithelial cell transformation, overexpression of the CMYC oncogene in IOSE cells, again co-cultured with INOF cells. These heterotypic models were used to investigate the effects of aging and senescence on the transformation and invasion of epithelial cells. Here we describe the methodological steps in development of these three-dimensional model; these methodologies aren't specific to the development of normal ovary and ovarian cancer tissues, and could be used to study other tissue types where stromal and epithelial cell interactions are a fundamental aspect of the tissue maintenance and disease development.

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

We describe methodologies for establishing in vitro heterotypic three-dimensional models comprising ovarian fibroblasts and normal ovarian surface or ovarian cancer epithelial cells. We discuss the use of these models to study stromal-epithelial interactions that occur during ovarian cancer development.

3 차원 Heterotypic<em&gt; 체외에서</em난소 암 개시 및 진행하는 동안 Stromal - 상피 조직의 상호 작용&gt; 모델링

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical ...

연구

의학

Three Dimensional Cultures: A Tool To Study Normal Acinar Architecture vs. Malignant Transformation Of Breast Cells

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The interplay of signals between cancer cells and their microenvironment exerts a powerful influence on breast cancer growth and biological behavior1. However, most of these signals from the extracellular matrix are lost or their relevance is understudied when cells are grown in two dimensional culture (2D) as a monolayer. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) culture on a reconstituted basement membrane has emerged as a method of choice to recapitulate the tissue architecture of benign and malignant breast cells. Cells grown in 3D retain the important cues from the extracellular matrix and provide a physiologically relevant ex&#160;vivo system2,3. Of note, there is growing evidence suggesting that cells behave differently when grown in 3D as compared to 2D4. 3D culture can be effectively used as a means to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype and for underpinning the cellular and molecular signaling involved3. One of the distinguishing characteristics of benign epithelial cells is that they are polarized so that the apical cytoplasm is towards the lumen and the basal cytoplasm rests on the basement membrane. This apico-basal polarity is lost in invasive breast carcinomas, which are characterized by cellular disorganization and formation of anastomosing and branching tubules that haphazardly infiltrates the surrounding stroma. These histopathological differences between benign gland and invasive carcinoma can be reproduced in 3D6,7. Using the appropriate read-outs like the quantitation of single round acinar structures, or differential expression of validated molecular markers for cell proliferation, polarity and apoptosis in combination with other molecular and cell biology techniques, 3D culture can provide an important tool to better understand the cellular changes during malignant transformation and for delineating the responsible signaling.

Three dimensional culture of mammary epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane is a useful method to recapitulate the in vivo architecture of the benign breast, and to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype. Importantly, this system can be applied to study invasive carcinomas in other tissues.

세 가지 차원 문화 : 유방 세포의 악성 변형 대 일반 선포 건축을 연구하는 도구

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The ...

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional (3D) Model

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo. The current approach of culturing cells on two-dimensional (2D), plastic surfaces results in the disturbance and loss of complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment. Through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture assays, the conditions for cell-microenvironment interaction are established resembling the in vivo microenvironment. This article provides a detailed methodology to grow breast cancer cells in a 3D basement membrane protein matrix, exemplifying the potential of 3D culture in the assessment of cell invasion into the surrounding environment. In addition, we discuss how these 3D assays have the potential to examine the loss of signaling molecules that regulate epithelial morphology by immunostaining procedures. These studies aid to identify important mechanistic details into the processes regulating invasion, required for the spread of breast cancer.

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model

This article provides detailed methodologies for the use of three-dimensional (3D) assays to quantify breast cancer cell invasion. Specifically, we discuss the procedures required to set up such assays, quantification, and data analysis, as well as methods to examine the loss of membrane integrity that occurs when cells invade.

3 차원 (3D) 모델을 사용하여 유방암 세포 침윤의 정량화

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the ...

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal cells. The tumor microenvironment is comprised of a variety of cell types, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and bone-marrow-derived cells, embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a pro-tumorigenic role through the secretion of soluble factors, angiogenesis and ECM remodeling. The experimental models for cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion have mostly relied on two-dimensional monocellular and monolayer tissue cultures or Boyden chamber assays. However, these experiments do not precisely reflect the physiological or pathological conditions in a diseased organ. To gain a better understanding of tumor stromal or tumor matrix interactions, multicellular and three-dimensional cultures provide more powerful tools for investigating intercellular communication and ECM-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. As a platform for this type of study, we present an experimental model in which cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with primary cultures of CAFs.

Here we present a protocol to co-culture in three-dimensions, which is useful for investigating multicellular interactions and extracellular matrix-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. In this experimental model, cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with human cancer-associated fibroblasts.

종양 기질 상호 작용에 대한 세 가지 차원의 공동 문화 모델

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in particular (e.g., brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck &#8211; SCCHN) it is a cause of severe morbidity and can be life-threatening even in the absence of distant metastases. In addition, cancers which have relapsed following treatment unfortunately often present with a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, there is an opportunity to target the process of invasion to provide novel therapies that could be complementary to standard anti-proliferative agents. Until now, this strategy has been hampered by the lack of robust, reproducible assays suitable for a detailed analysis of invasion and for drug screening. Here we provide a simple micro-plate method (based on uniform, self-assembling 3D tumor spheroids) which has great potential for such studies. We exemplify the assay platform using a human glioblastoma cell line and also an SCCHN model where the development of resistance against targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is associated with enhanced matrix-invasive potential. We also provide two alternative methods of semi-automated quantification: one using an imaging cytometer and a second which simply requires standard microscopy and image capture with digital image analysis.

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is a defining characteristic of malignant tumors. We provide here a simple, semi-automated micro-plate assay of invasion into a natural 3D biomatrix that has been exemplified with a number of models of advanced human cancers.

3 차원 (3D) 종양 회전 타원체 침공 분석

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from brown sea algae. Briefly, the tumor tissue is cut into small pieces and submitted to an enzymatic digestion with collagenase and trypsin. Next, a cell suspension is obtained. The tumor cell suspension is mixed with 1.2% sodium alginate and dropped into a CaCl2 solution, and the alginate/cell suspension is gelled on contact with the CaCl2 to form spherical beads. The cells embedded in the alginate beads are supplied with nutrients provided by the culture media enriched with 20% FBS. Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads maintains the viability of adenoma cells for long periods of time, up to four months. Moreover, the cells can be liberated from the alginate by washing the beads with sodium citrate and seeded on glass coverslips for further immunocytochemical analyses. The use of a cell culture model allows for the fixation and visualization of the actin cytoskeleton with minimal disorganization. In summary, alginate beads provide a reliable culture system for the maintenance of pituitary adenoma cells.

Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads, due to its simplicity and reproducibility, was chosen to maintain the pituitary adenoma cells. The procedures included an initial enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of the tumor tissue, and the subsequent cell suspension was encapsulated in alginate beads.

인간의 뇌하수체 선종 세포의 3 차원 알긴산 비드 문화

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The accuracy of PVP mainly depends on the surgeons&#39; experience and multiple fluoroscopes during a traditional procedure. Puncture related complications were reported all over the world. To make the surgical procedure more precise and decrease the rate of puncture-related complications, our team applied a three-dimensional printing guide template to PVP to modify the traditional procedure. This protocol introduces how to model target vertebrae DICOM imaging data into three-dimensions in the software, how to simulate operation in this 3-D model, and how to use all of the surgical data to reconstruct a patient specific template for application. Using this template, surgeons can identify suitable puncture points accurately to improve the accuracy of the operation. The whole protocol includes: 1) diagnosis of the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; 2) acquisition of CT imaging of the target vertebra; 3) simulation of the operation in the software; 4) design and fabrication of the 3-D printing guide template; and 5) application of the template into an operation procedure.

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty PVP

Herein, we present a three-dimensional printing guide template for percutaneous vertebraplasty. A patient with a T11 vertebral compression fracture was selected as a case study.

3차원 인쇄 가이드 템플릿 보조 경피적 척추 성형술 (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The ...

Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. The model can be used for planning and simulating critical steps of a surgical approach. Therefore, it is important that anatomical structures such as blood vessels inside a tumor can be printed to be colored not only on their surface, but throughout their whole volume. During simulation this allows for the removal of certain parts (e.g., with a high-speed drill) and revealing internally located structures of a different color. Thus, diagnostic information from various imaging modalities (e.g., CT, MRI) can be combined in a single compact and tangible object.
However, preparation and printing of such a fully colored anatomical model remains a difficult task. Therefore, a step-by-step guide is provided, demonstrating the fusion of different cross-sectional imaging data sets, segmentation of anatomical structures, and creation of a virtual model. In a second step the virtual model is printed with volumetrically colored anatomical structures using a plaster-based color 3D binder jetting technique. This method allows highly accurate reproduction of patient-specific anatomy as shown in a series of 3D-printed petrous apex chondrosarcomas. Furthermore, the models created can be cut and drilled, revealing internal structures that allow for simulation of surgical procedures.

The protocol describes the fabrication of fully colored three-dimensional prints of patient-specific, anatomical skull models to be used for surgical simulation. The crucial steps of combining different imaging modalities, image segmentation, three-dimensional model extraction, and production of the prints are explained.

신경 외과에서 복잡한 두개내 종양의 다색 3D 프린팅

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. ...

Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is the clinically recommended procedure to improve and extend the life span of patients in advanced disease stages. However, only 10% of transplants are successful, with organ availability, presurgical and postsurgical procedures, and elevated costs directly correlated with that result. Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have emerged as an alternative for tissue restoration. Biocompatibility and graft acceptance are the main beneficial characteristics of those biomaterials. Although the capacity to restore the size and correct function of the liver has been evaluated in liver hepatectomy models, the use of scaffolds or some kind of support to replace the volume of the extirpated liver mass has not been assessed.
Partial hepatectomy was performed in a rat liver with the xenoimplantation of a collagen matrix scaffold (CMS) from a bovine condyle. Left liver lobe tissue was removed (approximately 40%), and an equal proportion of CMS was surgically implanted. Liver function tests were evaluated before and after the surgical procedure. After days 3, 14, and 21, the animals were euthanized, and macroscopic and histologic evaluations were performed. On days 3 and 14, adipose tissue was observed surrounding the CMS, with no clinical evidence of rejection or infection, as was vessel neoformation and CMS reabsorption at day 21. There was histologic evidence of an insignificant inflammation process and migration of adjacent cells to the CMS, observed with the hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) and Masson&#39;s trichrome staining. The CMS was shown to perform well in liver tissue and could be a useful alternative for studying tissue regeneration and repair in chronic liver diseases.

Liver diseases are induced by many causes that promote fibrosis or cirrhosis. Transplantation is the only option for recovering health. However, given the scarcity of transplantable organs, alternatives must be explored. Our research proposes the implantation of collagen scaffolds in liver tissue from an animal model.

간 재생 전략으로 3차원 콜라겐 매트릭스 스캐폴드 이식

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, ...

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.

This experimental method describes a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation with three-dimensional finger motion tracking technology.

니들링 중 3차원 손가락 동작 추적: 침술 조작의 운동 분석을 위한 솔루션

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D ...