Name: three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly
Uploaded: 2018-11-01T13:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Los autores reconocen financiación nacional Ciencias naturales Fundación de China (Nº 81771971), programa de Pujiang Shanghai (Nº 14PJD008 y 17PJ1401500), "Chen Guang" proyecto apoyado por Comisión de Educación Municipal de Shanghai y Shanghai educación Fundación para el desarrollo (no. 14 CG 06), Fundación de Ciencias naturales de Shanghai (núms. 17411962800 y 17ZR1432900) y de ciencia y tecnología Comisión del municipio de Shanghai (17JC1400200). W.Z. reconoce la financiación de la Ciencia Natural la Fundación de China nacional (31501555 y 81772007 y 21734003), programa de talentos de China 1000 jóvenes, Comisión de educación del municipio de Shanghai (Premio Cátedra de este joven) y ciencia y Comisión de tecnología del municipio de Shanghai (17JC1400200 y 16391903900).

El presente estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de ética del Hospital Zhongshan Universidad de Fudan (B2016-142R) y todos los participantes dieron su consentimiento informado.
1. diagnóstico de la anomalía aórtica por síntomas y adquisición de datos de imágenes
<ol><li>Identificar a los pacientes que tienen síntomas tales como dolor torácico, disfagia o una diferencia de presión arterial de los miembros superiores en la clínica del paciente. Excluir a los pacientes que pueden ser ...

<ol>
	<li>Tanaka, A., Milner, R., Ota, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kommerell's+diverticulum+in+the+current+era:+a+comprehensive+review.">Kommerell's diverticulum in the current era: a comprehensive review.</a> General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 63 (5), 245-259 (2015).</li><li>Rosu, C., Dorval, J. F., Abraham, C. Z., Cartier, R., Demers, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-stage+hybrid+repair+of+right+aortic+arch+with+Kommerell's+Diverticulum.">Single-stage hybrid repair of right aortic arch with Kommerell's Diverticulum.</a> The Annals of Thoracic Surgery. 103 (4), e381-e384 (2017).</li><li>Idrees, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid+repair+of+Kommerell+diverticulum.">Hybrid repair of Kommerell diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 147 (3), 973-976 (2014).</li><li>Kankala, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+arbitrary+3-D+components+in+cardiac+surgery:+from+macro-,+micro-+to+nanoscale.">Fabrication of arbitrary 3-D components in cardiac surgery: from macro-, micro- to nanoscale.</a> Biofabrication. 9 (3), 032002 (2017).</li><li>Vukicevic, M., Mosadegh, B., Min, J. K., Little, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+3-D+printing+and+its+future+directions.">Cardiac 3-D printing and its future directions.</a> JACC Cardiovascular Imaging. 10 (2), 171-184 (2017).</li><li>Yoo, S. J., Spray, T., Austin, E. H., Yun, T. J., van Arsdell, G. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hands-on+surgical+training+of+congenital+heart+surgery+using+3-dimensional+print+models.">Hands-on surgical training of congenital heart surgery using 3-dimensional print models.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (6), 1530-1540 (2017).</li><li>Hermsen, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Scan,+print,+practice,+perform:+Development+and+use+of+a+patient-specific+3-dimensionalprinted+model+in+adult+cardiac+surgery.">Scan, print, practice, perform: Development and use of a patient-specific 3-dimensionalprinted model in adult cardiac surgery.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 153 (1), 132-140 (2017).</li><li>Sun, X., Zhang, H., Zhu, K., Wang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patient-specific+three-dimensional+printing+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Patient-specific three-dimensional printing for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> International Journal of Cardiology. 255, 184-187 (2018).</li><li>Ota, T., Okada, K., Takanashi, S., Yamamoto, S., Okita, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+treatment+for+Kommerell's+diverticulum.">Surgical treatment for Kommerell's diverticulum.</a> The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 131 (3), 574-578 (2006).</li><li>Agematsu, K., Ueda, T., Hoshino, S., Nishiya, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rupture+of+Kommerell+diverticulum+after+total+arch+replacement.">Rupture of Kommerell diverticulum after total arch replacement.</a> Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery. 11 (6), 800-802 (2010).</li></ol>

Anomalías aórticas congénitas abarcan un espectro poco común de las enfermedades cardiovasculares, que suelen mostrar anomalías aórticas complejas. Proyección de imagen médica, tales como el CT y Sr., son necesarios para aclarar anomalías complejas del arco aórtico, la ramificación patrón, su relación con la tráquea y el esófago anormal y otras patologías asociaron. La angiografía de CT y Sr. puede proporcionar información de 2-D de ubicaciones de vaso aórtico. Reconstrucción digital 3D de imágenes 2...

Anomalías aórticas congénitas son las malformaciones congénitas extremadamente raras del sistema del arco aórtico. Puede ser diagnosticadas mediante análisis de imagen o evaluación de entidades como disfagia o subclavia robar1. En escenarios clínicos, es importante identificar la anomalía anatómica en el espacio quirúrgico reducido que ha limitado la visualización durante la cirugía2,3. En la actualidad, plana bidimensional (2-D) proyección de imagen convencional, como la tomografía computada (CT) y resonancia magnética (RM), se presentan a los cirujanos antes de la cirugía. Sin embargo, es difícil para los cirujanos a la anomalía basada en la proyección de imagen 2-D de la imagen. En consecuencia, podría dificultades impredecibles al intentar separar los vasos aórticos complejos durante la cirugía. Daños impredecibles a los vasos, la tráquea y el esófago podrían ocurrir y resultados desastrosos.
En la última década, modelado de imágenes 3D se ha utilizado en cirugía cardíaca para ayudar a cirujanos a comprender la anomalía anatómica compleja4,5,6,7. Tridimensional (3D) tecnología de impresión puede ayudar a convertir los datos del modelo en un modelo físico. En comparación con la reconstrucción digital, 3-d modelos físicos impresos podrían presentar una mejor comprensión de los detalles anatómicos y una visión intuitiva de la malformación. Para la cirugía aórtica anomalía, el impreso modelo 3D intuitivo es significativo porque pobre entendimiento de lugares aórticas podría ser desastroso para los pacientes. Durante la cirugía, cualquier error podría conducir a lesiones y sangrado impredecible. Mediante los modelos impresos, los cirujanos pueden comprender las relaciones espaciales de las ramas aórticas. Durante la cirugía, los cirujanos también pueden realizar la revisión en tiempo real de los modelos 3-d para evitar la confusión de las localizaciones vasculares complejas.
Aquí, presentamos un protocolo para aplicar modelos 3D impresos para la planificación preoperatoria y orientación intraoperatoria y ocúpate de enfermedades aórticas congénitas. Divertículo de Kommerell, un tipo de anomalía aórtica congénita compleja, fue seleccionado como caso de estudio. Los pasos incluyen la diagnosis basada en la angiografía de la tomografía computada (CTA) proyección de imagen, partición de regiones de interés, construcción de modelos 3D, planeamiento quirúrgico preoperativo y revisión intraoperatoria de modelos 3D impresos8. Esta estrategia de impresión 3-d podría reducir sustancialmente el riesgo imprevisible de lesión del tejido durante la cirugía.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="911">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:247px;">3D printer</td>
			<td style="width:231px;">Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td style="width:297px;">For 3D printing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Chaos Version 2.0</td>
			<td>Meditool Enterprise Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:136px;"></td>
			<td>For 3D segmentation and reconstruction</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

three-dimensional printing of a complex aortic anomaly

Anomalías aórticas congénitas complejas incluyen diversos tipos de malformaciones que pueden ser clínicamente asintomática o con síntomas respiratorios o esofágicos. Estas anomalías pueden asociarse con otras enfermedades cardíacas congénitas. Es difícil identificar la ubicación del buque anatómica precisa de datos de imágenes bidimensionales, tales como la tomografía computada. Como un método de fabricación aditiva, impresión (3D) tridimensional puede secreto los datos de imágenes adquiridos en modelos físicos 3D. Este protocolo describe el procedimiento para modelar el DICOM volumétrica en datos 3-d la proyección de imagen e impresión como un modelo 3D anatómicamente realista. Con este modelo, cirujanos pueden identificar la ubicación del buque de anomalías aórticas complejas, que es útil para la planificación preoperatoria y orientación intraoperatoria.

Adquisición de imágenes de angiografía de CT, modelado digital e impresión 3D se realizaron en un hospital. Dos horas estuvieron pasados para el modelo 3D de la imagen de la angiografía de CT de la impresión 3D. Utilizando aquí el procedimiento y la impresora 3D, un modelo físico 3D específico para cada paciente puede enviarse rápidamente a los médicos y la decisión quirúrgica se puede hacer en el tiempo. El flujo de trabajo de adquisición de los datos de angiografía de CT ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly at JoVE.com

Three-Dimensional Printing of a Complex Aortic Anomaly

Aquí, presentamos un protocolo para utilizar tres dimensiones modelos impresos para la planificación preoperatoria y reorganización intraoperatoria de localizaciones vasculares complicados al manipular una anomalía congénita de la aorta.

Impresión tridimensional de una anomalía aórtica compleja

Complex congenital aortic anomalies include diverse types of malformations that may be clinically asymptomatic or present with respiratory or esophageal ...

Este método puede ayudar a responder preguntas clave en el complejo campo de anomalía de aorta sobre la cámara DICOM. La principal ventaja de esta técnica es que el modelo impreso en 3D puede reducir el riesgo de lesiones tisulares impredecibles durante la compleja cirugía aórtica. Para la segmentación de una región de interés, importe todas las imágenes de tomografía computarizada y geografía al software en un formato DICOM y haga doble clic para abrir el caso del paciente dentro de la biblioteca de casos.Seleccione la serie DICOM y haga clic en el reconocimiento del modelo para abrir la página de reconstrucción del modelo. Pida a un ingeniero y a un equipo de cirujanos cardíacos que revisen los datos sin procesar con formato DICOM para identificar las características anatómicas clave y las regiones de interés. Para segmentar la región, haga clic en segmentación de umbral y ajuste el intervalo de umbral para la máscara vascular.Haga clic en Confirmar para generar la máscara vascular dentro de la lista de objetos y haga clic en recon para reconstruir la máscara vascular 3D dentro del visor 3D. Haga clic en segmentación de umbral de nuevo y ajuste el rango de umbral para la máscara de tráquea. Haga clic en segmentación de marquesina para limitar la región de interés al mediastino y al pulmón y haga clic en editar máscara para borrar la conexión entre la tráquea y el pulmón.Haga clic en región crecer y haga clic en cualquier punto de la máscara en cualquiera de los visores 2D para seleccionar una inicialización. Confirme que la región crece como resultado y que la máscara de tráquea se mostrará en la lista de objetos. A continuación, haga clic en recon para reconstruir la tráquea 3D en el visor 3D y guardar la región de interés como una máscara.Para la reconstrucción 3D de la región de interés, haga clic en exportar para exportar el modelo 3D como un archivo de idioma de triángulo estándar y coloque el modelo en el centro de la plataforma de construcción. Alinee la tangente de la línea central del recipiente en su extremidad para que sea paralela al eje Z de la plataforma. Los soportes se generarán automáticamente en los voladizos.Haga clic en segmentar y guarde y establezca los parámetros de impresión 3D adecuados en una impresora estereolitográfica. Después de imprimir, escanee los contornos cortados por el software con luz ultravioleta de 405 nanómetros para endurecer la resina fotosensible a una velocidad de escaneo de tres metros por segundo. Luego, antes de la cirugía, pida a los cirujanos que utilicen el modelo impreso en 3D para hacer planes quirúrgicos detallados y precisos para el paciente a partir del cual se generó el modelo 3D.Utilizando imágenes del plano coronal, el plano transversal y el plano sagital, la tomografía computarizada y la imagen de geografía se pueden reconstruir en un modelo 3D como se demuestra. En estas imágenes, se puede observar la relación anatómica entre la aorta y la tráquea a lo largo del eje Y. Después de su desarrollo, esta tecnología allanó el camino para que los investigadores en el campo de la impresión 3D exploraran la anomalía vascular en la cirugía aórtica.

three-dimensional-printing-of-a-complex-aortic-anomaly

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical treatments and improved platinum-based chemotherapies, there has been little improvement in EOC survival rates for more than four decades 1,2. Whilst stage I tumors have 5-year survival rates &gt;85%, survival rates for stage III/IV disease are &lt;40%. Thus, the high rates of mortality for EOC could be significantly decreased if tumors were detected at earlier, more treatable, stages 3-5. At present, the molecular genetic and biological basis of early stage disease development is poorly understood. More specifically, little is known about the role of the microenvironment during tumor initiation; but known risk factors for EOCs (e.g. age and parity) suggest that the microenvironment plays a key role in the early genesis of EOCs. We therefore developed three-dimensional heterotypic models of both the normal ovary and of early stage ovarian cancers. For the normal ovary, we co-cultured normal ovarian surface epithelial (IOSE) and normal stromal fibroblast (INOF)&nbsp;cells, immortalized by retrovrial transduction of the catalytic subunit of human telomerase holoenzyme (hTERT) to extend the lifespan of these cells in culture. To model the earliest stages of ovarian epithelial cell transformation, overexpression of the CMYC oncogene in IOSE cells, again co-cultured with INOF cells. These heterotypic models were used to investigate the effects of aging and senescence on the transformation and invasion of epithelial cells. Here we describe the methodological steps in development of these three-dimensional model; these methodologies aren't specific to the development of normal ovary and ovarian cancer tissues, and could be used to study other tissue types where stromal and epithelial cell interactions are a fundamental aspect of the tissue maintenance and disease development.

Heterotypic Three-dimensional In Vitro Modeling of Stromal-Epithelial Interactions During Ovarian Cancer Initiation and Progression

We describe methodologies for establishing in vitro heterotypic three-dimensional models comprising ovarian fibroblasts and normal ovarian surface or ovarian cancer epithelial cells. We discuss the use of these models to study stromal-epithelial interactions that occur during ovarian cancer development.

Heterotípicos tridimensional<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Modelado de estromal-epitelial interacciones durante la iniciación y progresión del cáncer de ovario

Epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) are the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy in Western societies. Despite advances in surgical ...

Investigación

Medicina

Three Dimensional Cultures: A Tool To Study Normal Acinar Architecture vs. Malignant Transformation Of Breast Cells

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The interplay of signals between cancer cells and their microenvironment exerts a powerful influence on breast cancer growth and biological behavior1. However, most of these signals from the extracellular matrix are lost or their relevance is understudied when cells are grown in two dimensional culture (2D) as a monolayer. In recent years, three dimensional (3D) culture on a reconstituted basement membrane has emerged as a method of choice to recapitulate the tissue architecture of benign and malignant breast cells. Cells grown in 3D retain the important cues from the extracellular matrix and provide a physiologically relevant ex&#160;vivo system2,3. Of note, there is growing evidence suggesting that cells behave differently when grown in 3D as compared to 2D4. 3D culture can be effectively used as a means to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype and for underpinning the cellular and molecular signaling involved3. One of the distinguishing characteristics of benign epithelial cells is that they are polarized so that the apical cytoplasm is towards the lumen and the basal cytoplasm rests on the basement membrane. This apico-basal polarity is lost in invasive breast carcinomas, which are characterized by cellular disorganization and formation of anastomosing and branching tubules that haphazardly infiltrates the surrounding stroma. These histopathological differences between benign gland and invasive carcinoma can be reproduced in 3D6,7. Using the appropriate read-outs like the quantitation of single round acinar structures, or differential expression of validated molecular markers for cell proliferation, polarity and apoptosis in combination with other molecular and cell biology techniques, 3D culture can provide an important tool to better understand the cellular changes during malignant transformation and for delineating the responsible signaling.

Three dimensional culture of mammary epithelial cells on a reconstituted basement membrane is a useful method to recapitulate the in vivo architecture of the benign breast, and to differentiate the malignant phenotype from the benign breast phenotype. Importantly, this system can be applied to study invasive carcinomas in other tissues.

Tres Culturas dimensionales: una herramienta para estudiar normal Acinar Arquitectura vs transformación maligna de las células de la mama

Invasive breast carcinomas are a group of malignant epithelial tumors characterized by the invasion of adjacent tissues and propensity to metastasize. The ...

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional (3D) Model

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to be a critical regulator of cell behavior in culture and homeostasis in vivo. The current approach of culturing cells on two-dimensional (2D), plastic surfaces results in the disturbance and loss of complex interactions between cells and their microenvironment. Through the use of three-dimensional (3D) culture assays, the conditions for cell-microenvironment interaction are established resembling the in vivo microenvironment. This article provides a detailed methodology to grow breast cancer cells in a 3D basement membrane protein matrix, exemplifying the potential of 3D culture in the assessment of cell invasion into the surrounding environment. In addition, we discuss how these 3D assays have the potential to examine the loss of signaling molecules that regulate epithelial morphology by immunostaining procedures. These studies aid to identify important mechanistic details into the processes regulating invasion, required for the spread of breast cancer.

Quantification of Breast Cancer Cell Invasiveness Using a Three-dimensional 3D Model

This article provides detailed methodologies for the use of three-dimensional (3D) assays to quantify breast cancer cell invasion. Specifically, we discuss the procedures required to set up such assays, quantification, and data analysis, as well as methods to examine the loss of membrane integrity that occurs when cells invade.

La cuantificación de la invasividad de las células del cáncer de mama El uso de un modelo (3D) Tres Dimensiones

It is now well known that the cellular and tissue microenvironment are critical regulators influencing tumor initiation and progression. Moreover, the ...

Three-dimensional Co-culture Model for Tumor-stromal Interaction

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal cells. The tumor microenvironment is comprised of a variety of cell types, such as fibroblasts, immune cells, vascular endothelial cells, pericytes and bone-marrow-derived cells, embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have a pro-tumorigenic role through the secretion of soluble factors, angiogenesis and ECM remodeling. The experimental models for cancer cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion have mostly relied on two-dimensional monocellular and monolayer tissue cultures or Boyden chamber assays. However, these experiments do not precisely reflect the physiological or pathological conditions in a diseased organ. To gain a better understanding of tumor stromal or tumor matrix interactions, multicellular and three-dimensional cultures provide more powerful tools for investigating intercellular communication and ECM-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. As a platform for this type of study, we present an experimental model in which cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with primary cultures of CAFs.

Here we present a protocol to co-culture in three-dimensions, which is useful for investigating multicellular interactions and extracellular matrix-dependent modulation of cancer cell behavior. In this experimental model, cancer cells are cultured on collagen gels embedded with human cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Tridimensional Modelo Co-cultura para la interacción tumor estromal

Cancer progression (initiation, growth, invasion and metastasis) occurs through interactions between malignant cells and the surrounding tumor stromal ...

Three-Dimensional (3D) Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in particular (e.g., brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck &#8211; SCCHN) it is a cause of severe morbidity and can be life-threatening even in the absence of distant metastases. In addition, cancers which have relapsed following treatment unfortunately often present with a more aggressive phenotype. Therefore, there is an opportunity to target the process of invasion to provide novel therapies that could be complementary to standard anti-proliferative agents. Until now, this strategy has been hampered by the lack of robust, reproducible assays suitable for a detailed analysis of invasion and for drug screening. Here we provide a simple micro-plate method (based on uniform, self-assembling 3D tumor spheroids) which has great potential for such studies. We exemplify the assay platform using a human glioblastoma cell line and also an SCCHN model where the development of resistance against targeted epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors is associated with enhanced matrix-invasive potential. We also provide two alternative methods of semi-automated quantification: one using an imaging cytometer and a second which simply requires standard microscopy and image capture with digital image analysis.

Three-Dimensional 3D Tumor Spheroid Invasion Assay

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is a defining characteristic of malignant tumors. We provide here a simple, semi-automated micro-plate assay of invasion into a natural 3D biomatrix that has been exemplified with a number of models of advanced human cancers.

Tumor Ensayo tridimensional (3D) esferoide Invasion

Invasion of surrounding normal tissues is generally considered to be a key hallmark of malignant (as opposed to benign) tumors. For some cancers in ...

Three-dimensional Alginate-bead Culture of Human Pituitary Adenoma Cells

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from brown sea algae. Briefly, the tumor tissue is cut into small pieces and submitted to an enzymatic digestion with collagenase and trypsin. Next, a cell suspension is obtained. The tumor cell suspension is mixed with 1.2% sodium alginate and dropped into a CaCl2 solution, and the alginate/cell suspension is gelled on contact with the CaCl2 to form spherical beads. The cells embedded in the alginate beads are supplied with nutrients provided by the culture media enriched with 20% FBS. Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads maintains the viability of adenoma cells for long periods of time, up to four months. Moreover, the cells can be liberated from the alginate by washing the beads with sodium citrate and seeded on glass coverslips for further immunocytochemical analyses. The use of a cell culture model allows for the fixation and visualization of the actin cytoskeleton with minimal disorganization. In summary, alginate beads provide a reliable culture system for the maintenance of pituitary adenoma cells.

Three-dimensional culture in alginate beads, due to its simplicity and reproducibility, was chosen to maintain the pituitary adenoma cells. The procedures included an initial enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation of the tumor tissue, and the subsequent cell suspension was encapsulated in alginate beads.

Tridimensional de alginato-grano Cultura de células humanas del adenoma pituitario

A three-dimensional culture method is described in which primary pituitary adenoma cells are grown in alginate beads. Alginate is a polymer derived from ...

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The accuracy of PVP mainly depends on the surgeons&#39; experience and multiple fluoroscopes during a traditional procedure. Puncture related complications were reported all over the world. To make the surgical procedure more precise and decrease the rate of puncture-related complications, our team applied a three-dimensional printing guide template to PVP to modify the traditional procedure. This protocol introduces how to model target vertebrae DICOM imaging data into three-dimensions in the software, how to simulate operation in this 3-D model, and how to use all of the surgical data to reconstruct a patient specific template for application. Using this template, surgeons can identify suitable puncture points accurately to improve the accuracy of the operation. The whole protocol includes: 1) diagnosis of the osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture; 2) acquisition of CT imaging of the target vertebra; 3) simulation of the operation in the software; 4) design and fabrication of the 3-D printing guide template; and 5) application of the template into an operation procedure.

Three-Dimensional Printing Guide Template Assisted Percutaneous Vertebroplasty PVP

Herein, we present a three-dimensional printing guide template for percutaneous vertebraplasty. A patient with a T11 vertebral compression fracture was selected as a case study.

Guía de impresión tridimensional Plantilla asistida de vertebroplastia percutánea (PVP)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) is considered an effective treatment for the back pain caused by osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture. The ...

Multicolor 3D Printing of Complex Intracranial Tumors in Neurosurgery

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. The model can be used for planning and simulating critical steps of a surgical approach. Therefore, it is important that anatomical structures such as blood vessels inside a tumor can be printed to be colored not only on their surface, but throughout their whole volume. During simulation this allows for the removal of certain parts (e.g., with a high-speed drill) and revealing internally located structures of a different color. Thus, diagnostic information from various imaging modalities (e.g., CT, MRI) can be combined in a single compact and tangible object.
However, preparation and printing of such a fully colored anatomical model remains a difficult task. Therefore, a step-by-step guide is provided, demonstrating the fusion of different cross-sectional imaging data sets, segmentation of anatomical structures, and creation of a virtual model. In a second step the virtual model is printed with volumetrically colored anatomical structures using a plaster-based color 3D binder jetting technique. This method allows highly accurate reproduction of patient-specific anatomy as shown in a series of 3D-printed petrous apex chondrosarcomas. Furthermore, the models created can be cut and drilled, revealing internal structures that allow for simulation of surgical procedures.

The protocol describes the fabrication of fully colored three-dimensional prints of patient-specific, anatomical skull models to be used for surgical simulation. The crucial steps of combining different imaging modalities, image segmentation, three-dimensional model extraction, and production of the prints are explained.

Impresión 3D multicolor de tumores intracraneales complejos en neurocirugía

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies offer the possibility of visualizing patient-specific pathologies in a physical model of correct dimensions. ...

Three-Dimensional Collagen Matrix Scaffold Implantation as a Liver Regeneration Strategy

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, cirrhosis, and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver transplantation is the clinically recommended procedure to improve and extend the life span of patients in advanced disease stages. However, only 10% of transplants are successful, with organ availability, presurgical and postsurgical procedures, and elevated costs directly correlated with that result. Extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds have emerged as an alternative for tissue restoration. Biocompatibility and graft acceptance are the main beneficial characteristics of those biomaterials. Although the capacity to restore the size and correct function of the liver has been evaluated in liver hepatectomy models, the use of scaffolds or some kind of support to replace the volume of the extirpated liver mass has not been assessed.
Partial hepatectomy was performed in a rat liver with the xenoimplantation of a collagen matrix scaffold (CMS) from a bovine condyle. Left liver lobe tissue was removed (approximately 40%), and an equal proportion of CMS was surgically implanted. Liver function tests were evaluated before and after the surgical procedure. After days 3, 14, and 21, the animals were euthanized, and macroscopic and histologic evaluations were performed. On days 3 and 14, adipose tissue was observed surrounding the CMS, with no clinical evidence of rejection or infection, as was vessel neoformation and CMS reabsorption at day 21. There was histologic evidence of an insignificant inflammation process and migration of adjacent cells to the CMS, observed with the hematoxylin and eosin (H&#38;E) and Masson&#39;s trichrome staining. The CMS was shown to perform well in liver tissue and could be a useful alternative for studying tissue regeneration and repair in chronic liver diseases.

Liver diseases are induced by many causes that promote fibrosis or cirrhosis. Transplantation is the only option for recovering health. However, given the scarcity of transplantable organs, alternatives must be explored. Our research proposes the implantation of collagen scaffolds in liver tissue from an animal model.

Implantación de andamio de matriz de colágeno tridimensional como estrategia de regeneración hepática

Liver diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption, a high-fat diet, and hepatitis C virus infection promote fibrosis, ...

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.

This experimental method describes a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation with three-dimensional finger motion tracking technology.

Seguimiento tridimensional del movimiento de los dedos durante la punción: una solución para el análisis cinemático de la manipulación de la acupuntura

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D ...