Name: fracture apparatus design and protocol optimization for closed-stabilized fractures in rodents
Uploaded: 2018-08-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents at JoVE.com

Den forskning, der er rapporteret i denne publikation blev støttet af det nationale Institut for gigt og bevægeapparat og hudsygdomme af National Institutes of Health under award nummer F30AR071201 og R01AR066028.

Denne protokol blev udviklet for at sikre, at dyr ikke anvendes unødigt og er sparet for al unødvendig smerte og lidelse; det overholder alle gældende føderale, statslige, lokale og institutionelle love og retningslinjer vedrørende dyreforsøg. Protokollen blev udviklet under ledelse af et universitet-dækkende laboratorium animalsk medicin programmet instrueret af dyrlæger med speciale i laboratorium animalsk medicin. Protokollen blev gennemgået og godkendt af institutionelle Animal Care og brug udvalg (IACUC).</...

<ol>
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A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+model+for+intramembranous+ossification+during+fracture+healing.">A model for intramembranous ossification during fracture healing.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research: Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society. 20 (5), 1091-1098 (2002).</li><li>Cheung, K. M. C., Kaluarachi, K., Andrew, G., Lu, W., Chan, D., Cheah, K. S. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+externally+fixed+femoral+fracture+model+for+mice.">An externally fixed femoral fracture model for mice.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 21 (4), 685-690 (2003).</li><li>Connolly, C. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+reliable+externally+fixated+murine+femoral+fracture+model+that+accounts+for+variation+in+movement+between+animals.">A reliable externally fixated murine femoral fracture model that accounts for variation in movement between animals.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 21 (5), 843-849 (2003).</li><li>Histing, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+internal+locking+plate+to+study+intramembranous+bone+healing+in+a+mouse+femur+fracture+model.">An internal locking plate to study intramembranous bone healing in a mouse femur fracture model.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 28 (3), 397-402 (2010).</li><li>Gr&#246;ngr&#246;ft, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fixation+compliance+in+a+mouse+osteotomy+model+induces+two+different+processes+of+bone+healing+but+does+not+lead+to+delayed+union.">Fixation compliance in a mouse osteotomy model induces two different processes of bone healing but does not lead to delayed union.</a> Journal of Biomechanics. 42 (13), 2089-2096 (2009).</li><li>Bonnarens, F., Einhorn, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+a+standard+closed+fracture+in+laboratory+animal+bone.">Production of a standard closed fracture in laboratory animal bone.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research. 2 (1), 97-101 (1984).</li><li>Huang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+spatiotemporal+role+of+COX-2+in+osteogenic+and+chondrogenic+differentiation+of+periosteum-derived+mesenchymal+progenitors+in+fracture+repair.">The spatiotemporal role of COX-2 in osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of periosteum-derived mesenchymal progenitors in fracture repair.</a> PloS One. 9 (7), 100079 (2014).</li><li>Waki, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Profiling+microRNA+expression+during+fracture+healing.">Profiling microRNA expression during fracture healing.</a> BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 17, 83 (2016).</li><li>Yee, C. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sclerostin+antibody+treatment+improves+fracture+outcomes+in+a+Type+I+diabetic+mouse.">Sclerostin antibody treatment improves fracture outcomes in a Type I diabetic mouse.</a> Bone. 82, 122-134 (2016).</li><li>Wong, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+low-molecular-weight+compound+enhances+ectopic+bone+formation+and+fracture+repair.">A novel low-molecular-weight compound enhances ectopic bone formation and fracture repair.</a> The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume. 95 (5), 454-461 (2013).</li><li>Prodinger, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Does+Anticoagulant+Medication+Alter+Fracture-Healing?+A+Morphological+and+Biomechanical+Evaluation+of+the+Possible+Effects+of+Rivaroxaban+and+Enoxaparin+Using+a+Rat+Closed+Fracture+Model.">Does Anticoagulant Medication Alter Fracture-Healing? A Morphological and Biomechanical Evaluation of the Possible Effects of Rivaroxaban and Enoxaparin Using a Rat Closed Fracture Model.</a> PloS One. 11 (7), 0159669 (2016).</li><li>Menzdorf, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+pamidronate+influences+fracture+healing+in+a+rodent+femur+fracture+model:+an+experimental+study.">Local pamidronate influences fracture healing in a rodent femur fracture model: an experimental study.</a> BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders. 17, 255 (2016).</li><li>Hagiwara, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fixation+stability+dictates+the+differentiation+pathway+of+periosteal+progenitor+cells+in+fracture+repair.">Fixation stability dictates the differentiation pathway of periosteal progenitor cells in fracture repair.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Research: Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society. 33 (7), 948-956 (2015).</li><li>Gardner, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+fracture+healing+resulting+from+fixation+stiffness+variability:+a+mouse+model.">Differential fracture healing resulting from fixation stiffness variability: a mouse model.</a> Journal of Orthopaedic Science: Official Journal of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. 16 (3), 298-303 (2011).</li><li>Catma, M. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Remote+ischemic+preconditioning+enhances+fracture+healing.">Remote ischemic preconditioning enhances fracture healing.</a> Journal of Orthopaedics. 12 (4), 168-173 (2015).</li><li>Lichte, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impaired+Fracture+Healing+after+Hemorrhagic+Shock.">Impaired Fracture Healing after Hemorrhagic Shock.</a> Mediators of Inflammation. 2015, 132451 (2015).</li><li>Lopas, L. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fractures+in+geriatric+mice+show+decreased+callus+expansion+and+bone+volume.">Fractures in geriatric mice show decreased callus expansion and bone volume.</a> Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research. 472 (11), 3523-3532 (2014).</li><li>Bonnarens, F., Einhorn, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+a+standard+closed+fracture+in+laboratory+animal+bone.">Production of a standard closed fracture in laboratory animal bone.</a> Journal of orthopaedic research. 2 (1), 97-101 (1984).</li><li>Marturano, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+murine+femur+fracture+device+for+bone+healing+studies.">An improved murine femur fracture device for bone healing studies.</a> Journal of Biomechanics. 41 (6), 1222-1228 (2008).</li><li>Jackson, R. W., Reed, C. A., Israel, J. A., Abou-Keer, F. K., Garside, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+a+standard+experimental+fracture.">Production of a standard experimental fracture.</a> Canadian Journal of Surgery. 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Residual strength and stiffness.</a> Journal of Biomechanics. 10 (5), 325-337 (1977).</li><li>McGee, A., Qureshi, A., Porter, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Review+of+the+biomechanics+and+patterns+of+limb+fractures.">Review of the biomechanics and patterns of limb fractures.</a> Trauma. 6 (1), 29-40 (2004).</li></ol>

Denne fraktur optimering og generation protokol giver forskere med en effektiv metode til at udlede på fraktur parametre og udføre en minimalt invasiv procedure, som fremstiller præcise, repeterbare, tværgående frakturer. Derudover indfører denne protokol et fælles sæt af fraktur generation parametre, som fremmer metode konsekvens blandt forskere. Disse parametre vil muliggøre etablering af en fælles fraktur database at etablere fraktur standarder baseret på forskellige parametre (f.eks.alder, køn, k...

Forskning på frakturheling er nødvendig for at imødegå en store klinisk og økonomisk problem. Hvert år mere end 12 millioner frakturer behandles i USA1, koster 80 milliarder dollars pr. år2. Sandsynligheden for en mandlig eller kvindelig lider en fraktur i deres levetid er 25% og 44%, henholdsvis3. Problemer forbundet med frakturheling forventes at stige med øget co-morbiditet som befolkningen aldre. For at undersøge og løse dette problem, er robust modeller af fraktur generation og stabilisering påkrævet. Gnavere modeller er velegnet til dette formål. De giver klinisk relevans og kan ændres til adresse specifikke betingelser (dvs.flere skader, åben, lukket, iskæmisk og inficerede frakturer). Ud over replikerende kliniske scenarier, er animalsk fraktur modeller vigtigt for at forstå knogle biologi og udvikle therapeutics og enheder. Men forsøg på at studere forskellene mellem indgreb kan blive kompliceret af variabiliteten indført af inkonsekvent fraktur generation. Således er generere reproducerbare og konsekvent lukkede frakturer i dyremodeller afgørende for muskel-og forskningsområdet.
Trods korrekt kontrol for potentielle emne heterogenitet ved at sikre passende genetiske baggrund, køn, alder og miljøforhold, produktion af klinisk relevante konsekvent knogler kvæstelser er en væsentlig variabel påvirker reproducerbarhed, der skal kontrolleres. Statistiske sammenligninger ved hjælp af inkonsekvent frakturer er plaget med eksperimentel støj og en høj variabilitet4; Desuden kan fraktur foranderlighed resultere i unødvendig dyrs død på grund af behovet for at øge stikprøvestørrelsen eller nødvendigheden af at aflive dyr med splintrede eller malpositioned frakturer. Formålet med metoden beskrevet heri er at optimere fraktur generation parametre, der er specifikke for prøvetypen og give en konsekvent fraktur placering og mønster.
Nuværende modeller af fraktur generation falder i to overordnede kategorier, hver med deres egne styrker og svagheder. Open-fraktur (osteotomi) modeller opereres for at udsætte den knogle, hvorefter en fraktur er foranlediget ved skæring knoglen eller svække det og derefter manuelt opdele den5,6,7,8. Fordelene ved denne metode er den direkte visualisering af webstedet fraktur og en mere konsekvent fraktur placering og mønster. De fysiologiske og kliniske relevans af metoden og mekanisme af skade er dog begrænset. Derudover kræver åben metoder af fraktur generation en kirurgisk tilgang og lukning med længere perioder hvor gnavere er udsat for en øget risiko for kontaminering.
Lukket teknikker løse mange af de åbne teknik begrænsninger. Lukket teknikker producere frakturer ved hjælp af et eksternt stumpe kraft traumer, som inducerer skade på knoglen og omkringliggende væv, mere ligner dem set i humane kliniske skader. Den mest almindelige metode blev beskrevet af Bonnarens og Einhorn i 19849. De beskrev en vægtet guillotine bliver brugt til at bibringe stumpe traumer for at bryde knoglen uden at forårsage nogen ydre hud sår. Denne metode er blevet bredt vedtaget for at studere effekten af genetik10,11, farmakologisk terapi12,13,14,15, mekanik16, 17, og fysiologi18,19,20 på knogle heling hos mus og rotter. Mens fordelen ved lukkede metoder er fysiologisk relevante frakturer, er eksperimentelle reproducerbarhed og stringens begrænset af fraktur heterogenitet. Inkonsekvent fraktur generation resulterer i en begrænset mellem gruppe differentiering, tabt prøver og en stigning i dyr, der er nødvendige for at opnå Statistisk signifikans.
Kontrollerende variabiliteten i fraktur generation og stabilisering er afgørende for at producere meningsfulde resultater. For at korrekt studere biologi af fraktur reparation, er en enkel, men effektiv fraktur model nødvendig. Modellen bør oversættes til gnaver arter, knogle typer (lårben og skinneben, for eksempel) og på tværs af variable mus genetiske baggrunde og induceret mutationer. Desuden, den ideelle procedure bør være teknisk simpelt og producere ensartede resultater. Til adresse fraktur heterogenitet, den metode beskrevet heri er opførelsen af en velkontrollerede fraktur-enhed, der kan derefter bruges til at optimere parametre og generere konsekvent lukkede frakturer uanset alder, køn eller genotype.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:911px;" width="910">
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		<col />
		<col />
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	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:240px;">Support Subassembly</td>
			<td style="width:209px;"></td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td style="width:315px;">Supplementary Figure 1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Beam, Support--Jaw Section&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td>1003 x 9.00</td>
			<td>w/ #7042 at A, C, in Left End</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Beam, Support--Horizontal Section</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td>1002 x 14.00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Beam, Support--Vertical 1</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td>1050 x 10.50&#160;</td>
			<td>w/ #7042 at A in Left End and at A in Right End</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Beam, Support--Vertical 2</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td>1010 x 10.50&#160;</td>
			<td>w/ #7042 at D, B in Left End and at A in Right End</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Beam, Support--Plate Mount</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td>1030 x 8.00&#160;</td>
			<td>w/ #7036 at Left End</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Beam, Support--Magnet</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td>1010 x 13.50&#160;</td>
			<td>w/ #7042 at A, C, in Right End</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Anchors (3)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">3392</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Double Anchor (3)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">3091</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Bolt Assembly (6)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">3386</td>
			<td>1/4-20 x 3/8&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Button Head Socket Cap Screw (6)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">3604</td>
			<td>1/4-20 x 3/4&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Ram Subassembly</td>
			<td style="width:209px;"></td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Block, Stop</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Custom</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Block, Guide</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Custom</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Rod, Ram</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Custom</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Alignment Screw</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Custom</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Plate, Mounting</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Custom</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Linear Sleeve Bearing (2)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">8649T2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Hex Nut (3)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>92673A125</td>
			<td>3/8-16 UNC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Socket Cap Screw (8)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">92196A108</td>
			<td>4/40 x 3/8&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Socket Cap Screw (6)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">92196A032</td>
			<td>4/40 x 1 1/8&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Socket Cap Screw (1)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">92196A267&#160;</td>
			<td>10/32 3/8&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Magnet Subassembly</td>
			<td style="width:209px;"></td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Mount, Magnet</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Custom</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Power Supply</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>70235K23</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Foot Switch</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>7376k2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Electromagnet</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>5698k111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Wire - 10 feet</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">9936k12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;">Rod, Magnet</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>95412A566</td>
			<td>1/4&#34; Threaded Rod x 7&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Corner Bracket (6)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">80/20</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">4108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Socket Cap Screw (1)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">92196A705</td>
			<td>10/32 1 1/4&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Hex Nut (4)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>92673A113</td>
			<td>1/4-20 UNC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Complete Assembly</td>
			<td style="width:209px;"></td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Bracket, Leg Jaw (2)</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Custom</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Platform, Fracture</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Custom</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 11</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Jig, Positioning-Fracture</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Custom</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>Supplementary Figure 12</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Other</td>
			<td style="width:209px;"></td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Pin Cutter</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Medical Supplies and Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">150S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:240px;">Needles</td>
			<td style="width:209px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Z192430, Z192376&#160;</td>
			<td>23g x 1.5&#34; - mouse femur, 27g x 1.25&#34; - mouse tibia</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fracture apparatus design and protocol optimization for closed-stabilized fractures in rodents

Den pålidelige generation af konsekvent stabiliseret frakturer i dyremodeller er afgørende for forståelsen af knogle regenerering biologi og udviklingen af therapeutics og enheder. Dog er tilgængelige skade modeller plaget af inkonsekvens, hvilket resulterer i spildt dyr og ressourcer og ufuldstændige data. For at løse dette problem med fraktur heterogenitet, er formålet med metoden beskrevet heri at optimere fraktur generation parametre specifikt for hvert dyr og give en konsekvent fraktur placering og mønster. Denne protokol udgør variationer i knogle størrelse og morfologi, der kan eksistere mellem mus stammer og kan tilpasses til at generere konsekvent frakturer i andre arter, som rotte. Derudover er en omkostningseffektiv, justerbar fraktur apparat beskrevet. I forhold til nuværende stabiliseret fraktur teknikker, viser optimering protokol og nye fraktur apparatet øget konsistens i stabiliseret fraktur mønstre og steder. Ved hjælp af optimeret parametre specifikke for prøvetype, beskrevet protokollen øger præcisionen af inducerede traumer, minimere fraktur heterogenitet typisk observeret i lukket fraktur generation procedurer.

Guillotinen tidligere brugt i vores laboratorium blev udviklet i 2004 og var baseret på modeller udgivet af Einhorn21. Design tillod ikke justeringer for at tage tilstrækkeligt højde for eventuelle forskelle i knoglen morfologi og tillod ikke en reproducerbar positionering af ekstremiteten. Desuden, den tidligere apparater kræves to personer til at betjene den. Derfor, vi designet, konstrueret, og byggede en ny fraktur. Det vigtigste designmål var muligheden t...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents at JoVE.com

Fracture Apparatus Design and Protocol Optimization for Closed-stabilized Fractures in Rodents

Målet med protokollen er at optimere fraktur generation parametre for at give ensartet frakturer. Denne protokol udgør variationer i knogle størrelse og morfologi, der kan eksistere mellem dyr. Derudover er en omkostningseffektiv, justerbar fraktur apparat beskrevet.

Fraktur apparater Design og protokollen optimering for lukket-stabiliseret frakturer i gnavere

The reliable generation of consistent stabilized fractures in animal models is essential for understanding the biology of bone regeneration and developing ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

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This protocol details the experimental and analytical procedure for a cell-based assay developed in our laboratory as a functional test to predict the ...

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Sequential In vivo Imaging of Osteogenic Stem/Progenitor Cells During Fracture Repair

Sekventiel<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Imaging af Osteogene Stem / stamceller Under frakturreparation

Bone turns over continuously and is highly regenerative following injury. Osteogenic stem/progenitor cells have long been hypothesized to exist, but in ...

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The success of a small animal model to study critical illness is, in part, dependent on the ability of the model to simulate the human condition. ...

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Fjernbetjening Limb iskæmisk konditionering: En neuroprotektiv Teknik i Gnavere

Sublethal ischemia protects tissues against subsequent, more severe ischemia through the upregulation of endogenous mechanisms in the affected tissue. ...

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Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) has a high prevalence, causes significant patient burden, and immense health care costs. The most common animal ...

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

In Vivo Evaluation of Fracture Callus Development During Bone Healing in Mice Using an MRI-compatible Osteosynthesis Device for the Mouse Femur

In Vivo Evaluering af fraktur Callus udvikling under knogleheling i mus ved hjælp af en Mr-kompatible osteosyntese enhed for musen lårben

Endochondral fracture healing is a complex process involving the development of fibrous, cartilaginous, and osseous tissue in the fracture callus. The ...

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En minimalt invasiv Model til at analysere Endochondral fraktur Healing i mus Under standardiserede biomekaniske forhold

Bone healing models are necessary to analyze the complex mechanisms of fracture healing to improve clinical fracture treatment. During the last decade, an ...

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Bone fractures impose a tremendous socio-economic burden on patients, in addition to significantly affecting their quality of life. Therapeutic strategies ...