Name: mouse model of pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury
Uploaded: 2019-03-09T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcers After Spinal Cord Injury at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了新泽西脊髓研究委员会 (csccr15irg010)、美国国防部 (sc160029) 和耶鲁外科奥赫塞研究资助计划的部分支持。我们感谢来自罗格斯 w. m. keck 神经科学合作中心的肖恩·奥莱利的技术援助。

所有动物处理和外科手术都是根据罗格斯大学动物护理和使用机构委员会批准的协议进行的。给老鼠喂标准饮食和水。
1. 手术和非手术器械的制备
<ol><li>在高压灭菌器中消毒手术和非手术器械。</li>
	<li>用70% 乙醇清洁手术台, 并将加热垫加热至37°c。</li>
	<li>将加热垫放在手术台上, 并用无菌手术窗帘覆盖。 请注意:在所有生存过程中, 这里使用 "无接触" 技术来...

<ol>
	<li>Rappl, L. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiological+changes+in+tissues+denervated+by+spinal+cord+injury+tissues+and+possible+effects+on+wound+healing.">Physiological changes in tissues denervated by spinal cord injury tissues and possible effects on wound healing.</a> International Wound Journal. 5 (3), 435-444 (2008).</li><li>Salcido, R., Popescu, A., Ahn, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Animal+models+in+pressure+ulcer+research.">Animal models in pressure ulcer research.</a> The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 30 (2), 107-116 (2007).</li><li>Mak, A. F., Zhang, M., Tam, E. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomechanics+of+pressure+ulcer+in+body+tissues+interacting+with+external+forces+during+locomotion.">Biomechanics of pressure ulcer in body tissues interacting with external forces during locomotion.</a> Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 12, 29-53 (2010).</li><li>National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers: Clinical Practice Guideline. , (2014).</li><li>Marin, J., Nixon, J., Gorecki, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+review+of+risk+factors+for+the+development+and+recurrence+of+pressure+ulcers+in+people+with+spinal+cord+injuries.">A systematic review of risk factors for the development and recurrence of pressure ulcers in people with spinal cord injuries.</a> Spinal Cord. 51 (7), 522-527 (2013).</li><li>Krause, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Skin+sores+after+spinal+cord+injury:+relationship+to+life+adjustment.">Skin sores after spinal cord injury: relationship to life adjustment.</a> Spinal Cord. 36 (1), 51-56 (1998).</li><li>Redelings, M. D., Lee, N. E., Sorvillo, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pressure+ulcers:+more+lethal+than+we+thought?.">Pressure ulcers: more lethal than we thought?.</a> Advances in Skin &amp; Wound. 18 (7), 367-372 (2005).</li><li>Kruger, E. A., Pires, M., Ngann, Y., Sterling, M., Rubayi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comprehensive+management+of+pressure+ulcers+in+spinal+cord+injury:+current+concept+and+future+trends.">Comprehensive management of pressure ulcers in spinal cord injury: current concept and future trends.</a> The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine. 36 (6), 572-585 (2013).</li><li>Lala, D., Dumont, F. S., Leblond, J., Houghton, P. E., Noreau, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+pressure+ulcers+on+individuals+living+with+a+spinal+cord+injury.">Impact of pressure ulcers on individuals living with a spinal cord injury.</a> Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 95 (15), 2312-2319 (2014).</li><li>Li, C., DiPiro, N. D., Krause, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+latent+structural+equation+model+of+risk+behaviors+and+pressure+ulcer+outcomes+among+people+with+spinal+cord+injury.">A latent structural equation model of risk behaviors and pressure ulcer outcomes among people with spinal cord injury.</a> Spinal Cord. 55 (6), 553-558 (2017).</li><li>Kumar, S., Yarmush, M. L., Berthiaume, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+complete+spinal+cord+injury+on+neovascularization+and+tissue+granulation+in+mouse+model+of+skin+pressure+ulcers.">Impact of complete spinal cord injury on neovascularization and tissue granulation in mouse model of skin pressure ulcers.</a> Journal of Neurotrauma. 34 (13), A72-A73 (2017).</li><li>Kumar, S., Yarmush, M. L., Dash, B. C., Hsia, H. C., Berthiaume, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impact+of+complete+spinal+cord+injury+on+healing+of+skin+ulcers+in+mouse+models.">Impact of complete spinal cord injury on healing of skin ulcers in mouse models.</a> Journal of Neurotrauma. 35 (6), 815-824 (2018).</li><li>Basso, D. M., Fisher, L. C., Anderson, A. J., Jakeman, L. B., McTigue, D. M., Popovich, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Basso+Mouse+Scale+for+locomotion+detects+differences+in+recovery+after+spinal+cord+injury+in+five+common+mouse+strains.">Basso Mouse Scale for locomotion detects differences in recovery after spinal cord injury in five common mouse strains.</a> Journal of Neurotrauma. 23 (5), 635-659 (2006).</li><li>Leary, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals. , (2013).</li><li>Stadler, I., Zhang, R. Y., Oskoui, P., Whittaker, M. S., Lanzafame, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+simple,+noninvasive,+clinically+relevant+model+of+pressure+ulcers+in+the+mouse.">Development of a simple, noninvasive, clinically relevant model of pressure ulcers in the mouse.</a> Journal of Investigative Surgery. 17 (4), 221-227 (2004).</li><li>Peirce, S. M., Skalak, T. C., Rodeheaver, G. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ischemia-reperfusion+injury+in+chronic+pressure+ulcer+formation:+a+skin+model+in+the+rat.">Ischemia-reperfusion injury in chronic pressure ulcer formation: a skin model in the rat.</a> Wound Repair and Regeneration. 8 (1), 68-76 (2000).</li><li>Wong, V. W., Sorkin, M., Glotzbach, J. P., Longaker, M. T., Gurtner, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+approaches+to+create+murine+models+of+human+wound+healing.">Surgical approaches to create murine models of human wound healing.</a> Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology. 2011, 969618-969625 (2011).</li></ol>

本研究的方案描述了一种新的 pu 实验模型, 以评估 sci 对创面愈合的影响。皮肤 pu 是通过在 sci 部位上方或下方的背侧皮肤褶皱上应用两个直径为12毫米的圆盘磁体12小时诱导的。数据显示, sci 减缓了小鼠皮肤伤口愈合的速度。重要的是, 这些观察是专门在 sci 神经支配水平以下的皮肤伤口中进行的, 因为在 sci 水平以上的伤口, 因此仍然处于神经支配状态, 与非 sci 小鼠相比, 其愈合模式基本没有受到...

压疮 (pu) 是创伤性 sci1 的主要继发并发症。pu 是局部伤害的皮肤和 (或潜在组织), 通常发生在骨性突起, 其中体重集中, 而病人坐在或躺着1。皮肤、脂肪和肌肉暴露在这种持续的压力下, 导致局部缺血、组织炎症、机械损伤和坏死2, 3.
pu 的发育受几个局部因素的影响, 包括压力和剪切的大小、负荷持续时间、皮肤水分和温度、损伤寿命和一般皮肤卫生。还有一些系统性因素发挥了作用, 如一般身体状况、骨骼和肌肉组织形态和力量4、患者年龄、血液学措施、性别, 甚至包括婚姻状况、教育、和收入4,5。
pu 的预防和治疗仍然是 sci 患者面临的重大挑战。sci 患者在约30-40 的病例中出现 pu, 复发率为 60-85%, 可能是由于疤痕组织薄弱和缺乏保护感 1.因此, pu 往往导致 sci 患者再住院, 总体上对卫生保健系统5、6、7、8、9构成了巨大的经济负担 (仅需增加80% 以上),10个。
据我们所知, 由于缺乏合适的动物模型, 目前还没有在可控实验环境中进行研究, 以调查 sci 对 pu 愈合过程的影响。在这里, 一个可重复和临床相关的小鼠模型的 pu 在皮肤上的描述。该模型可用于研究 pu 发病和随后愈合的动态, 以及测试潜在的治疗方法, 以防止 pu 或改善 pu 愈合的情况下, sci。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:840px;" width="840">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Magnets</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Master Magnetcs, Inc., Castle Rock, CO</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">CD14C</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">3800 G Magnetic force</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Mice standard diet</td>
			<td>PMI Nutrition International, Brentwood, MO</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td>Standard Food Pellet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Isoflurane</td>
			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">SKU 029405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">ImageJ</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">NIH, Bethesda, MD</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td>Image Analysis Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">BETADINE Surgical Scrub</td>
			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ophthalmic Ointment&#160;</td>
			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">SKU 008897</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NAIR-Hair Remover Lotion</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Church &#38; Dwight Co., Inc. Princeton, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:116px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ELOXIJECT (meloxicam) Injection</td>
			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">SKU 049755</td>
			<td>5 mg/mL, 10 mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cefazolin Sodium</td>
			<td>HENRY SCHEIN Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">SKU 054846</td>
			<td>1 g, 10 mL bottle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Buprenorphine-SR&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">ZooPharm, Windsor, CO</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">-</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection USP</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">BRAUN, Irvine, CA</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">S8004-5384</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">10% Neutral Buffered Formalin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">VWR, Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>16004-130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">BALB/C Male Mouse</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Charles River Lab., Wilmington, MA</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">28</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Sterile Cotton Tipped Applicator</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Puritan, Guilford, ME</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">SKU#: 25-806</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:235px;">Michel Suture Clips</td>
			<td style="width:303px;">Fine Science Tools (USA) Inc., Foster City, CA</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">12040-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:235px;">Surgical Suture, U.S.P.</td>
			<td>Henry Schein Animal Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:116px;">101-2636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

mouse model of pressure ulcers after spinal cord injury

压疮 (pu) 是外伤性脊髓损伤 (sci) 常见的衰弱并发症, 往往发生在骨性突起周围的软组织中。然而, 在受控实验环境中, 在动物模型的背景下, sci 对皮肤伤口愈合的影响鲜为人知。在本研究中, 提出了一种简单、非侵入性、可重复性和临床相关的全 sci 背景下的小鼠 pu 模型。成年雄性小鼠 (巴布克, 10周大) 被剃光并脱毛。脱毛后 (24小时), 小鼠接受椎板切除术, 然后进行完整的脊髓横断 (t9-t10 椎骨)。紧接着, 小鼠背部的皮肤褶皱被抬起, 夹在两个磁碟之间, 在接下来的12小时内, 从而形成了一个缺血区域, 在随后的几天里发展成了一个 pu。在磁石后应用第3天, 受伤部位显示组织水肿和表皮消失。pu 自发地发展和愈合。然而, 与控制非 sci 小鼠相比, sci 小鼠的愈合速度较控制的非 sci 小鼠慢. 相反, 当伤口在 sci 水平以上产生时, sci 和对照非 sci 小鼠之间的愈合没有差异。这个模型是一个潜在的有用的工具, 以研究 sci 后皮肤 pu 的发展和愈合的动态, 以及测试治疗方法, 可能有助于愈合这种伤口。

该协议在完整 sci 的设置中创建了一个 pu. 简单地 (如图 1所示), 所有有完整 sci 或没有完整 sci 的老鼠都能很好地容忍磁体, 在整个12小时内, 磁体保持在原来的位置 (图1c、1c、1c、1c)).所有的小鼠都有两个由正常组织桥隔开的圆形伤口 (图 1e, 1e, 1e)。在没有 sci 的小鼠 (图 1e) 或 sci 站点下方的 sci (...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcers After Spinal Cord Injury at JoVE.com

Mouse Model of Pressure Ulcers After Spinal Cord Injury

脊髓损伤后压力溃疡的小鼠模型

在这里, 我们描述了一个简单的方法, 以诱导临床相关的皮肤压疮 (pu) 在小鼠模型的脊髓损伤 (sci)。该模型可用于临床前的研究, 筛选不同的治疗方法治疗 pu 在 sci 患者。

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are common debilitating complications of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and tend to occur in soft tissues around bony ...

本研究的总体目标是研究脊髓损伤对动物模型压力溃疡发育和愈合动力学的影响。这种技术的主要优点是，它不损害动物的运动，是非常可重复的。该模型为研究伤口愈合动力学和测试SCI患者的各种治疗策略提供了一个平台。在开始手术之前，由于对尾部捏紧缺乏反应，确保适当的麻醉。用电剪子把头发剃在多夫苏姆上。然后涂抹脱毛霜，离开三分钟，取出剩余的头发。三分钟后，用湿磨砂去除脱毛霜，并同样清洗多苏姆。然后把动物还到笼子里第二天，对动物进行麻醉，并在角膜上涂抹眼科软膏，以保护眼睛在外科手术期间不干燥。然后，用贝塔丁磨砂和70%乙醇擦洗动物皮肤三次。切口前，使用25量针注射器在切口部位周围注射100微升0.125%的百吉瓦卡因作为镇痛。从对应于 T13 的浮动肋骨中倒数，以识别 T8 到 T12。在创建一到1.5厘米的切口后，沿着中线，在背面，在T8至T12椎骨的水平清除皮下脂肪组织，以访问半脊髓肌肉。然后慢慢解剖它们，以暴露两侧的旋转过程和层压。非常关键的是，要非常小心地做这个程序，以避免过度出血和脊髓的任何损伤。对T9至T10椎骨进行拉明切除术，使用微解剖钳轻轻剥去脊髓，露出脊髓。使用钳子固定和抬起 T8 的脊柱，以夸大脊柱曲率。然后，使用细剪刀将T9和T10椎骨之间的脊髓一直截断到椎道的地板，以确保完全转液。在手术显微镜下观察完全转液后，在手术位点关闭前在拉明切除术位上涂抹一片皮下脂肪，为脊髓提供额外的保护。最后，关闭伤口，缝合副椎肌肉和表面筋膜。然后使用缝合夹关闭皮肤。SCI 手术后，立即用贝塔丁和 70% 酒精擦洗动物的背部。对于脊髓损伤位点以下的压力性溃疡，使用 25 量表针在背皮的椭圆中注射 10 微升 0.125%bupivacaine 溶液，距离囊体点 0.5 到 1 厘米。轻轻抬起鼠标背面的皮肤褶皱，将其夹在两个磁盘之间。磁铁应用后，立即将动物返回到放置在加热垫上的单个笼子，直到完全恢复知觉。经过12小时的磁铁应用轻轻麻醉动物与异氟烃和去除磁铁。拍摄伤口点的照片，记录压力性溃疡在零时间点的初始外观。用透明敷料覆盖伤口，避免干燥或污染。单屋动物按照程序。手术后立即给动物注射0.9%盐水的毫升水化剂和丁丙诺啡SR注射镇痛剂。每天进行两次手动膀胱排空。脊髓损伤手术后七天取出手术夹。在脊髓损伤和皮肤压力溃疡诱导后，在所需的时间点从安乐死小鼠身上收集受伤的皮肤样本。在 10% 正式中修复 24 小时。24小时后转移到70%乙醇，储存在4摄氏度，直到分段。这张图片描绘了在磁体去除后第三天控制动物的表皮消失。箭头指示上皮衬里变薄的表皮伤口边缘。在对照动物中，表皮在第七天再次出现。对于在SCI水平以下创建的伤口，在SCI小鼠中，迁移速度明显较慢。在这里，该图描绘了与对照小鼠相比，SCI小鼠伤口愈合和闭合速度较慢。Ki67的免疫着色是红箭头指示的增殖细胞的标记，它揭示了SCI组中的增殖较少。CD31的染色，红色箭头指示的血管标记，揭示了SCI组的血管密度较低。最后，对α平滑肌肉作用素的免疫抑制揭示了SCI小鼠皮肤伤口中这种蛋白质的较低水平。在尝试此过程时，重要的是要记住正确放置磁铁，以形成两个圆形伤口，由完整的皮肤分开。这将减少伤口发育和愈合的变异性。脊髓损伤患者的皮肤压力溃疡给美国医疗系统带来了巨大的成本。这种动物模型提供了一个平台，用于测试各种治疗策略，以帮助脊髓损伤患者的压力溃疡愈合。

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Impulsive Pressurization of Neuronal Cells for Traumatic Brain Injury Study

创伤性脑损伤研究神经细胞的脉冲增压

A novel impulsive cell pressurization experiment has been developed using a Kolsky bar device to investigate blast-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI). ...

科研

生物工程

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

循环压力为生物反应器的设计体外主动脉心脏瓣膜的研究

The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, allows for unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow into the ventricle. Aortic ...

Measuring Left Ventricular Pressure in Late Embryonic and Neonatal Mice

测量中晚期胚胎和新生小鼠左心室压力

Blood pressure increases significantly during embryonic and postnatal development in vertebrate animals. In the mouse, blood flow is first detectable ...

Constant Pressure-controlled Extrusion Method for the Preparation of Nano-sized Lipid Vesicles

恒压控制的挤压方法制备纳米脂质体

Liposomes are artificially prepared vesicles consisting of natural and synthetic phospholipids that are widely used as a cell membrane mimicking platform ...

Generation and Grafting of Tissue-engineered Vessels in a Mouse Model

组织工程血管在小鼠模型的生成和嫁接

The construction of vascular conduits is a fundamental strategy for surgical repair of damaged and injured vessels resulting from cardiovascular diseases. ...

Procedure for Decellularization of Rat Livers in an Oscillating-pressure Perfusion Device

在振荡压力灌流器程序大鼠肝脏的脱细胞

Decellularization and recellularization of parenchymal organs may enable the generation of functional organs in vitro, and several protocols for rodent ...

Training Persons with Spinal Cord Injury to Ambulate Using a Powered Exoskeleton

训练脊髓损伤者走动使用动力服

Powered exoskeletons have become available for overground ambulation in persons with paralyses due to spinal cord injury (SCI) who have intact upper ...

Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure

低压氨合成

Ammonia can be synthesized at low pressure by the use of an ammonia selective absorbent. The process can be driven with wind energy, available locally in ...

Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Selective Pressure Incorporation of Non-canonical Amino Acids

非规范氨基酸选择性压力合成抗菌肽的研究

Nature has a variety of possibilities to create new protein functions by modifying the sequence of the individual amino acid building blocks. However, all ...

Seeding and Implantation of a Biosynthetic Tissue-engineered Tracheal Graft in a Mouse Model

小鼠模型中生物合成组织工程气管移植的育苗与植入

Treatment options for congenital or secondary long segment tracheal defects have historically been limited due to an inability to replace functional ...