Name: neutrophil extracellular traps generated by low density neutrophils obtained from peritoneal lavage fluid mediate tumor cell growth and attachment
Uploaded: 2018-08-03T14:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Generated by Low Density Neutrophils Obtained from Peritoneal Lavage Fluid Mediate Tumor Cell Growth and Attachment at JoVE.com

Vi takker Ms. J. Shinohara og I. Nieda for tekniske og geistlige. Også takker vi Dr. Shiro Matsumoto, Hidenori Haruta, Kentaro Kurashina og Kazuya Takahashi for deres samarbeid for prøven oppkjøp i operasjonssalen. Dette arbeidet ble støttet av en Grant-in-Aid for vitenskapelig forskning fra departementet for utdanning, vitenskap, sport, og kultur i Japan og Japan Society for fremme av vitenskap (17K 10606).

LDN ble innhentet fra pasienter i denne studien, og ble godkjent av institusjonelle gjennomgang styret av Jichi Medical University.
1. isolering av LDN fra bukhulen Lavages og netto gjenkjenning
<ol><li>Prøven oppkjøp<ol>
<li>Tilfører 1000 mL av normal sterilt saltvann direkte i bukhulen før såret nedleggelse i pasienter som har gjennomgått abdominal kirurgi på grunn av gastrointestinal kreft. Merk: Eksempler Hentet fra pasienter som gjennomgikk en gastrectomy, colectomy eller esop...

<ol>
	<li>Hacbarth, E., Kajdacsy-Balla, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+density+neutrophils+in+patients+with+systemic+lupus+erythematosus,+rheumatoid+arthritis,+and+acute+rheumatic+fever.">Low density neutrophils in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and acute rheumatic fever.</a> Arthritis and Rheumatology. 29 (11), 1334-1342 (1986).</li><li>Denny, M. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+distinct+subset+of+proinflammatory+neutrophils+isolated+from+patients+with+systemic+lupus+erythematosus+induces+vascular+damage+and+synthesizes+type+I+IFNs.">A distinct subset of proinflammatory neutrophils isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus induces vascular damage and synthesizes type I IFNs.</a> The Journal of Immunology. 184 (6), 3284-3297 (2010).</li><li>Morisaki, T., Goya, T., Ishimitsu, T., Torisu, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+increase+of+low+density+subpopulations+and+CD10+(CALLA)+negative+neutrophils+in+severely+infected+patients.">The increase of low density subpopulations and CD10 (CALLA) negative neutrophils in severely infected patients.</a> Surgery Today. 22 (4), 322-327 (1992).</li><li>Schmielau, J., Finn, O. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Activated+granulocytes+and+granulocyte-derived+hydrogen+peroxide+are+the+underlying+mechanism+of+suppression+of+t-cell+function+in+advanced+cancer+patients.">Activated granulocytes and granulocyte-derived hydrogen peroxide are the underlying mechanism of suppression of t-cell function in advanced cancer patients.</a> Cancer Research. 61 (12), 4756-4760 (2001).</li><li>Brandau, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myeloid-derived+suppressor+cells+in+the+peripheral+blood+of+cancer+patients+contain+a+subset+of+immature+neutrophils+with+impaired+migratory+properties.">Myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the peripheral blood of cancer patients contain a subset of immature neutrophils with impaired migratory properties.</a> Journal of Leukocyte Biology. 89 (2), 311-317 (2011).</li><li>Carmona-Rivera, C., Kaplan, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low-density+granulocytes:+a+distinct+class+of+neutrophils+in+systemic+autoimmunity.">Low-density granulocytes: a distinct class of neutrophils in systemic autoimmunity.</a> Seminars in Immunopathology. 35 (4), 455-463 (2013).</li><li>Villanueva, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Netting+neutrophils+induce+endothelial+damage,+infiltrate+tissues,+and+expose+immunostimulatory+molecules+in+systemic+lupus+erythematosus.">Netting neutrophils induce endothelial damage, infiltrate tissues, and expose immunostimulatory molecules in systemic lupus erythematosus.</a> The Journal of Immunology. 187 (1), 538-552 (2011).</li><li>Brinkmann, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil+extracellular+traps+kill+bacteria.">Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria.</a> Science. 303 (5663), 1532-1535 (2004).</li><li>Demers, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancers+predispose+neutrophils+to+release+extracellular+DNA+traps+that+contribute+to+cancer-associated+thrombosis.">Cancers predispose neutrophils to release extracellular DNA traps that contribute to cancer-associated thrombosis.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 109 (32), 13076-13081 (2012).</li><li>Cools-Lartigue, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil+extracellular+traps+sequester+circulating+tumor+cells+and+promote+metastasis.">Neutrophil extracellular traps sequester circulating tumor cells and promote metastasis.</a> Journal of Clinical Investigation. , (2013).</li><li>Tohme, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil+Extracellular+Traps+Promote+the+Development+and+Progression+of+Liver+Metastases+after+Surgical+Stress.">Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote the Development and Progression of Liver Metastases after Surgical Stress.</a> Cancer Research. 76 (6), 1367-1380 (2016).</li><li>Monti, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Integrin-dependent+cell+adhesion+to+neutrophil+extracellular+traps+through+engagement+of+fibronectin+in+neutrophil-like+cells.">Integrin-dependent cell adhesion to neutrophil extracellular traps through engagement of fibronectin in neutrophil-like cells.</a> Public Library of Science One. 12 (2), e0171362 (2017).</li><li>Najmeh, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil+extracellular+traps+sequester+circulating+tumor+cells+via+beta1-integrin+mediated+interactions.">Neutrophil extracellular traps sequester circulating tumor cells via beta1-integrin mediated interactions.</a> International Journal of Cancer. 140 (10), 2321-2330 (2017).</li><li>Najmeh, S., Cools-Lartigue, J., Giannias, B., Spicer, J., Ferri, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simplified+Human+Neutrophil+Extracellular+Traps+(NETs)+Isolation+and+Handling.">Simplified Human Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) Isolation and Handling.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (98), (2015).</li><li>Kanamaru, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+density+neutrophils+(LDN)+in+postoperative+abdominal+cavity+assist+the+peritoneal+recurrence+through+the+production+of+neutrophil+extracellular+traps+(NETs).">Low density neutrophils (LDN) in postoperative abdominal cavity assist the peritoneal recurrence through the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).</a> Scientific Reports. 8 (1), 632 (2018).</li><li>Eades-Perner, A. M., Thompson, J., van der Putten, H., Zimmermann, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mice+transgenic+for+the+human+CGM6+gene+express+its+product,+the+granulocyte+marker+CD66b,+exclusively+in+granulocytes.">Mice transgenic for the human CGM6 gene express its product, the granulocyte marker CD66b, exclusively in granulocytes.</a> Blood. 91 (2), 663-672 (1998).</li><li>Park, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer+cells+induce+metastasis-supporting+neutrophil+extracellular+DNA+traps.">Cancer cells induce metastasis-supporting neutrophil extracellular DNA traps.</a> Science Translational Medicine. 8 (361), 361ra138 (2016).</li></ol>

Tidligere studier har rapportert at sirkulerende kreftceller kan overlappes i netto underlag i vivo10,11. Metastatisk brystkreft celler har vist seg å stimulere nøytrofile og indusere dannelsen av garn, som hjelper i svulst cellevekst i målet orgel17. I tillegg fant vi at kortsiktige kulturer av LDN fra postoperativ lavage væsken produsert massiv garn som kunne effektivt lure kreftceller uten ytterligere stimulering<sup class=...

Polymorph kjernefysiske nøytrofile i sirkulerende blod er vanligvis atskilt fra mononukleære celler gjennom metoden tetthet gradert forberedelse. Det er imidlertid noen nøytrofile kjent som lav nøytrofile (LDN), med CD11b(+), CD15(+), CD16(+) og CD14(-) fenotyper, co renset med mononukleære celler. Den relative antallet LDN øker betraktelig i ulike pathological betingelser inkludert autoimmune sykdommer1,2, sepsis3og kreft4,5. Tidligere studier har vist at LDN er en svært og funksjonelt klasse av nøytrofile6. Det bør bemerkes at LDN i sirkulerende blod er mer sannsynlig å produsere nøytrofile ekstracellulære feller (nett) enn normal tetthet nøytrofile2,7. Nettene er web-lignende strukturer består av atomer syren, histones, proteaser og detaljert og cytosolic proteiner, og de kan effektivt lure og ødelegge patogener8.
Garn har nylig vist å fange ikke bare mikrober, men også blodplater og sirkulerende kreftceller som kan hjelpe til blodpropp dannelse9 og tumor metastaser10,11. Men er molekylære mekanismer bak selvklebende samspillet mellom garn og blodplater eller tumorceller fortsatt uklart. Flere nylig, i vitro vedheft analysen viste at myelogen leukemi cellene (K56212) og lunge karsinom (A54913) knytter til nett via β1 og β3 integrins. Forfatterne brukt NET lager isolert fra nøytrofile og aktivert av phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) som vedheft substrat14. Selv om denne analysen oppdages av ekte interaksjon med netto komponenter i fravær av nøytrofile, er det arguable om de "cell-free NET lager" isolert av høyhastighets sentrifugering beholder den molekylære strukturen identisk garn produsert i vivo. Nylig fant vi at peritoneal lavage væske etter abdominal kirurgi inneholdt mange eldre LDN, som genererte enorme garn og knyttet til kreftceller forårsaker peritoneal metastaser15. I denne studien undersøkte vi vellykket vedheft av kreftceller til intakt garn uten fysisk manipulasjon. Her viser vi detaljer om en teknikk for å oppdage selvklebende interaksjoner mellom garn og gratis kreftceller.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Ficoll-Paque PLUS</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare, SWEDEN</td>
			<td>17-1440-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>StraightFrom&#8482; Whole Blood CD66b MicroBeads</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany</td>
			<td>130-104-913</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fc block</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany</td>
			<td>130-059-901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MACS Rinsing Solution</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany</td>
			<td>130-091-222</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MACS BSA Stock Solution</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany</td>
			<td>130-091-376</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LS Columns</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany</td>
			<td>130-041-306</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MACS Magnetic Separator</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany</td>
			<td>130-042-501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYTOX green nucleic acid stain 5mM solution in DMSO</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA</td>
			<td>S7020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PKH26 Red Fluorescent Cell Linker Kit for General Cell Membrane Labeling</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td>P9691</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Diluent C</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td>CGLDIL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI1640 Medium</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td>R8758</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle Medium-high glucose (DMEM)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td>D5796</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#8217;s Phosphate Buffered Saline (DPBS)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td>D8537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5mol/l-EDTA Solution (pH 8.0)</td>
			<td>nacalai tesque, Japan</td>
			<td>06894-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum, qualified, USDA-approved regions</td>
			<td>gibco by life technologies, Mexico</td>
			<td>10437-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine Serum Albumin lyophilized powder, &#8805;96% (agarose gel electrophoresis)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA</td>
			<td>A2153</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies Japan</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmocin Prophylactic</td>
			<td>InvivoGen, San Diego, CA-USA</td>
			<td>ant-mpp</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase I</td>
			<td>Worthington, Lakewood NJ)</td>
			<td>LS002138</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-L-Lysine-Coated MICROPLATE 6Well</td>
			<td>IWAKI, Japan</td>
			<td>4810-040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-L-Lysine-Coated MICROPLATE 24Well</td>
			<td>IWAKI, Japan</td>
			<td>4820-040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>fluorescein stereomicroscope</td>
			<td>BX8000, Keyence, Osaka Japan</td>
			<td>BZ-X710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Whole view cell observation system</td>
			<td>Nikon, Kanagawa, Japan</td>
			<td>BioStudio (BS-M10)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MKN45 human gastric cancer cell line</td>
			<td>Riken, Tukuba Japan</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NUGC-4 human gastric cancer cell line</td>
			<td>Riken, Tukuba Japan</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCUM-1 human gastric cancer cell line</td>
			<td>Osaka City University, Japan</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Gift from Dr. M.Yashiro</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

neutrophil extracellular traps generated by low density neutrophils obtained from peritoneal lavage fluid mediate tumor cell growth and attachment

Aktivert nøytrofile utgivelsen nøytrofile ekstracellulære feller (nett), som kan fange og ødelegge mikrober. Nyere studier tyder på at garn er involvert i ulike sykdommer prosesser, som autoimmun sykdom, blodpropp og svulst metastaser. Her viser vi en detaljert i vitro -teknikk for å oppdage netto aktivitet under fangst av gratis kreftceller, som vokser etter vedlegg til garn. Først samlet vi lav tetthet nøytrofile (LDN) fra postoperativ peritoneal lavage væske fra pasienter som gjennomgikk laparotomies. Kortsiktige dyrking av LDN resulterte i massive netto formasjon som var visualisert med grønne fluorescerende kjernefysiske og kromosom counterstain. Etter co inkubasjonstiden for menneskelig magekreft cellelinjer MKN45 og OCUM-1 NUGC-4 med garn, ble mange kreftceller fanget av garn. Deretter vedlegget ble helt avskaffet av nedbrytning av garn med DNase I. Time-lapse video avslørt at kreftceller fanget av garn ikke dø, men i stedet vokste kraftig i en kontinuerlig kultur. Disse metodene kan brukes til deteksjon av selvklebende interaksjoner mellom garn og ulike typer celler og materialer.

I 2-timers kulturen, CD66b(+) LDN avledet fra peritoneal lavage væske viste streng strukturer farget med grønt-fluorescerende farge for kjernefysiske og kromosom (figur 1B), mens CD66b(-) mononukleære celler ikke (figur 1 c). Men når LDN kulturer ble forbehandlet med 100 U/mL DNase jeg, karakteristiske strukturen var ødelagt (figur 1 d), som indikerer at de var sammensatt av ekstracellulære DNA...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Generated by Low Density Neutrophils Obtained from Peritoneal Lavage Fluid Mediate Tumor Cell Growth and Attachment at JoVE.com

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Generated by Low Density Neutrophils Obtained from Peritoneal Lavage Fluid Mediate Tumor Cell Growth and Attachment

Her presenterer vi en metode der menneskelige lav nøytrofile (LDN), utvinnes fra postoperativ peritoneal lavage væske, produsere massive nøytrofile ekstracellulære feller (nett) og effektivt felle gratis kreftceller som senere vokser.

Nøytrofile ekstracellulære feller generert av lav tetthet nøytrofile innhentet fra Peritoneal Lavage væske megle svulst cellevekst og vedlegg

Activated neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which can capture and destroy microbes. Recent studies suggest that NETs are involved ...

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