Name: quantifying acute changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity in response to central nervous system manipulations in anesthetized rats
Uploaded: 2018-09-11T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats at JoVE.com

Deze studie werd ondersteund door het Rijksinstituut voor verpleegkunde onderzoek (K99/R00NR014369).

Alle beschreven methoden werden goedgekeurd door de Commissie institutionele Animal Care zaken aan de Universiteit van Illinois te Chicago.
1. Maak bipolaire RSNA elektroden
<ol><li>Als wilt maken van de elektrode, Knip twee stukken van roestvrij staaldraad elke ongeveer 18 mm lang. Knip een stukje van polyethyleen (PE-50) buizen ongeveer 15 mm lang. Voer beide stukken draad in de buis, waardoor de draad aan beide kanten uitsteekt.</li>
	<li>Verwijderen van de isolatie van de uiteinden van d...

<ol>
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F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Afferent+renal+denervation+impairs+baroreflex+control+of+efferent+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity.">Afferent renal denervation impairs baroreflex control of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity.</a> American Journal of Physiology, Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 295 (6), R1882-R1890 (2008).</li><li>Guild, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantifying+sympathetic+nerve+activity:+problems,+pitfalls+and+the+need+for+standardization.">Quantifying sympathetic nerve activity: problems, pitfalls and the need for standardization.</a> Experimental Physiology. 95 (1), 41-50 (2010).</li><li>Stocker, S. D., Hunwick, K. J., Toney, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypothalamic+paraventricular+nucleus+differentially+supports+lumbar+and+renal+sympathetic+outflow+in+water-deprived+rats.">Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus differentially supports lumbar and renal sympathetic outflow in water-deprived rats.</a> Journal of Physiology. 15 (563 Pt 1), 249-263 (2005).</li><li>Stocker, S. D., Gordon, K. W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutamate+receptors+in+the+hypothalamic+paraventricular+nucleus+contribute+to+insulin-induced+sympathoexcitation.">Glutamate receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contribute to insulin-induced sympathoexcitation.</a> Neurophysiology. 113 (5), 1302-1309 (2015).</li><li>Saponjic, J., Radulovacki, M., Carley, D. 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Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+analysis+of+renal+nerve+activity+responses+to+baroreceptor+denervation+in+hypertensive+rats.">Dynamic analysis of renal nerve activity responses to baroreceptor denervation in hypertensive rats.</a> Hypertension. 37 (4), 1153-1163 (2001).</li><li>Kunitake, T., Kannan, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discharge+pattern+of+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+the+conscious+rat:+spectral+analysis+of+integrated+activity.">Discharge pattern of renal sympathetic nerve activity in the conscious rat: spectral analysis of integrated activity.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 84 (6), 2859-2867 (2000).</li><li>Machado, B. H., Bonagamba, L. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microinjection+of+L-glutamate+into+the+nucleus+tractus+solitarii+increases+arterial+pressure+in+conscious+rats.">Microinjection of L-glutamate into the nucleus tractus solitarii increases arterial pressure in conscious rats.</a> Brain Research. 576 (1), 131-138 (1992).</li><li>Murakami, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhalation+anesthesia+is+preferable+for+recording+rat+cardiac+function+using+an+electrocardiogram.">Inhalation anesthesia is preferable for recording rat cardiac function using an electrocardiogram.</a> Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 37 (5), 834-839 (2014).</li><li>Nakamura, T., Tanida, M., Niijima, A., Hibino, H., Shen, J., Nagai, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Auditory+stimulation+affects+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+and+blood+pressure+in+rats.">Auditory stimulation affects renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in rats.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 416 (2), 107-112 (2007).</li><li>Bardgett, M. E., McCarthy, J. J., Stocker, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutamatergic+receptor+activation+in+the+rostral+ventrolateral+medulla+mediates+the+sympathoexcitatory+response+to+hyperinsulinemia.">Glutamatergic receptor activation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediates the sympathoexcitatory response to hyperinsulinemia.</a> Hypertension. 55 (2), 284-290 (2010).</li><li>Brozoski, D. T., Dean, C., Hopp, F. A., Seagard, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uptake+blockade+of+endocannabinoids+in+the+NTS+modulates+baroreflex-evoked+sympathoinhibition.">Uptake blockade of endocannabinoids in the NTS modulates baroreflex-evoked sympathoinhibition.</a> Brain Research. 1059 (2), 197-202 (2005).</li><li>Barman, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What+can+we+learn+about+neural+control+of+the+cardiovascular+system+by+studying+rhythms+in+sympathetic+nerve+activity?.">What can we learn about neural control of the cardiovascular system by studying rhythms in sympathetic nerve activity?.</a> International Journal of Psychophysiology. 103, 69-78 (2016).</li><li>Charkoudian, N., Wallin, B. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sympathetic+neural+activity+to+the+cardiovascular+system:+integrator+of+systemic+physiology+and+interindividual+characteristics.">Sympathetic neural activity to the cardiovascular system: integrator of systemic physiology and interindividual characteristics.</a> Comprehensive Physiology. 4 (2), 825-850 (2014).</li><li>Malpas, S. 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Kritische stappen voor het meten van de RSNA omvatten: (1) het voorkomen van stretching van de renale slagader en de zenuwen bij het scheiden van de nier van de paraspinal spier en bij het plaatsen van het zenuw-segment op de elektroden van de opname, (2) zorgvuldig ontrafeling van de renale zenuwvezels van het omringende weefsel/vaartuig, (3) ervoor te zorgen dat de elektrode draden zijn vrij van weefsel, bloed of lymfe vloeistof en (4) beletten de zenuw uitdrogen door toepassing van minerale olie op de renale zenuw en ...

Pre-klinische ontdekkingen over autonome controle van het cardiovasculaire systeem informeren strategieën voor het beheer van aandoeningen, zoals hypertensie, hartfalen en chronische nierziekte. Overmatige activiteit van het sympathische zenuwstelsel en verminderde vagale cardiale Toon bijdragen tot een verhoogde bloeddruk (BP)1. Chronisch verhoogde renale sympathiek uitstroom verbetert catecholamine secretie en vermindert renale doorbloeding, met schadelijke gevolgen voor de cardiovasculaire/renale systemen2,3. Als u wilt definiëren de neurobiologische trajecten leiden tot autonome dysfunctie, zijn studies in knaagdieren belangrijk voor het bepalen hoe centrale zenuwstelsel (CNS) neuronen reguleren sympathiek parameters. Het doel van dit protocol is bedoeld als technische informatie over het meten van de renale sympathiek zenuw activiteit (RSNA) en BP en te schetsen van de technieken voor het kwantificeren van acute sympathiek veranderingen in reactie op CNS manipulaties bij narcose ratten.
Acute (niet-overleving) RSNA metingen (duurzame min tot en met h) zijn handig als wetenschappers de CNS farmacologisch, elektrisch sonde zal, of optogenetically in verdoofd ratten om de functies van specifieke kernen te bepalen. Met behulp van deze methoden, structuren zoals de eenzame kern, Periaqueductale grijs, zijn pedunculopontine tegmentum, en de rostraal ventrolateral medulla onderzocht om te definiëren neurobiologische trajecten regulering van de sympathieke parameters4, 5,6,7. Deze benadering is belangrijk voor het identificeren van de CNS doelstellingen worden onderzocht verder in chronische modellen van autonome disfunctie8,9. Voltooi deze experimenten, vereist het laboratorium een soldeerbout, chirurgische Microscoop, stereotaxic frame, micro-elektrode versterker en monitor audio. Afhankelijk van de factoren die in het laboratorium aanwezig die aan elektrische ruis bijdragen, kan de omgeving van het chirurgische/opname een Faraday kooi/aarding riem om elektrische ruis in de RSNA opname vereisen. Als de hersenen analyses vergt weefsel fixatie, een perfusie pomp en fume hood zijn vereist. Gegevens kunnen worden gedigitaliseerd en opgenomen met behulp van meerdere fysiologische software/data acquisition (analoog / digitaal-converter) eenheden4,5, met verschillende analyse opties en compatibiliteit voor de integratie van telemetrische signalen .

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel wire</td>
			<td>A-M Systems; Sequim, WA</td>
			<td>791000</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene (PE-50) tubing</td>
			<td>VWR; Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>63019-048</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode; vessel cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Miniature pin connector</td>
			<td>A-M Systems; Sequim, WA</td>
			<td>520200</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crimping tool</td>
			<td>Daniels Manufacturing Corp.; Orlando, FL</td>
			<td>M22520</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Connector strip</td>
			<td>Amphenol; Clinton Township, MI</td>
			<td>221-2653</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>J-B Kwik Epoxy</td>
			<td>J-B Weld, Sulphur Springs, TX</td>
			<td>8270</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone</td>
			<td>Permatex; Hartford, CT</td>
			<td>2222</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium; Injectable (10 mL vial, 1000 U/mL)</td>
			<td>KV Veterinary Supply; David City, NE</td>
			<td>P03466</td>
			<td>Venous line patency</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phenylephrine HCl; Injectable (1 mL vial; 10 mg/mL)</td>
			<td>ACE Surgical Supply; Brockton, MA</td>
			<td>950-6312</td>
			<td>Testing renal sympathoinhibition</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single-hook elastic surgical stays</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus; Holliston, MA</td>
			<td>72-2595</td>
			<td>Incision</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silk surgical tape</td>
			<td>3M, Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>1538-0</td>
			<td>Secure surgical stays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needles, 20 G</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO</td>
			<td>Z192554-100EA</td>
			<td>Vessel cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #7 curved forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>11274-20</td>
			<td>Vessel cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 silk suture ties</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific; Braintree, MA</td>
			<td>SUT-S 106</td>
			<td>Vessel cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Delicate hemostatic forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.; Gaithersburg, MD</td>
			<td>RS-7117</td>
			<td>Vessel cannulation and RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crile Hemostatic forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>13004-14</td>
			<td>Needle bending</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Telemetry transmitter</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International; Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>PA-10</td>
			<td>Mean arterial pressure monitoring (telemetry)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Re-gel syringe</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International; Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>276-0038-001</td>
			<td>Transmitter reuse (telemetry)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable pressure transducer</td>
			<td>Transpac; San Clemente, CA</td>
			<td>MI-1224</td>
			<td>Mean arterial pressure monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear-Cuff pressure infuser</td>
			<td>MILA International Inc.; Florence, KY</td>
			<td>2281339</td>
			<td>Mean arterial pressure monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vessel cannulation forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>00574-11</td>
			<td>Catheter insertion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Black monofilament nylon 4-0 suture on reverse cutting needle</td>
			<td>McKesson Medical-Surgical; San Francisco, CA</td>
			<td>S661GX</td>
			<td>Secure telemetry transmitter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Telemetry receiver</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International; Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>RPC-1</td>
			<td>Mean arterial pressure monitoring (telemetry)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart Pro (software), PowerLab (acquisition hardware)</td>
			<td>AD Instruments; Colorado Springs, CO</td>
			<td>ML846, MX2 matrix 2.0 (Compatible with Data Science International telemetry)</td>
			<td>3 options for software/acquisition hardware</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SciWorks (software), DataWave (acquisition hardware)</td>
			<td>DataWave Technologies, Loveland, CO</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spike 2 (software), Micro1401-3</td>
			<td>Cambridge Electronic Design Ltd., London UK</td>
			<td>1401-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-drill</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.; Gaithersburg, MD</td>
			<td>RS-6300</td>
			<td>CNS surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotaxic surgery frame</td>
			<td>Stoelting; Wood Dale, IL</td>
			<td>51600</td>
			<td>CNS surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microelectrode amplifier with 10X pre-amplifier</td>
			<td>A-M Systems; Sequim, WA</td>
			<td>1800-2</td>
			<td>RSNA recording</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retractors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>17009-07</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-dissecting tweezers</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>11251-10</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-hook</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>10064-14</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mineral oil</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific; Waltham, MA</td>
			<td>8042-47-5</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Audio monitor</td>
			<td>A-M Systems; Sequim, WA</td>
			<td>3300</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silica gel</td>
			<td>Wacker, Munchen; Germany</td>
			<td>RT601A-B</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrical clips</td>
			<td>Tyco Electronics; Schaffhausen, Switzerland</td>
			<td>EB0283-000</td>
			<td>Grounding or securing perfusion needle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bonn scissors, straight/sharp points</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co; Gaithersburg, MD</td>
			<td>RS-5840</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gavage needle</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus; Holliston, MA</td>
			<td>75-0286</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masterflex perfusion pump</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer; Vernon Hills, IL</td>
			<td>7524-10</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masterflex platinum-cured silicone tubing</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer; Vernon Hills, IL</td>
			<td>96410-15</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formalin (10% buffered solution; 4 L)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO</td>
			<td>HT501128</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO</td>
			<td>S0389</td>
			<td>Cryoprotection</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

quantifying acute changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity in response to central nervous system manipulations in anesthetized rats

Renale sympathiek zenuw activiteit (RSNA) en gemiddelde arteriële druk zijn belangrijke parameters in de cardiovasculaire en autonome onderzoek; echter, er zijn beperkte middelen leiden wetenschappers in de technieken voor het meten en analyseren van deze variabelen. Dit protocol beschrijft de methoden voor het meten van de RSNA en gemiddelde arteriële druk bij narcose ratten. Het protocol bevat ook de benaderingen voor toegang tot de hersenen tijdens RSNA opnames voor manipulaties van het centrale zenuwstelsel (CNS). De RSNA opname-techniek is compatibel met farmacologische, optogenetic, of elektrische stimulatie van het centraal zenuwstelsel. De aanpak is handig wanneer een onderzoeker zal op korte termijn (min tot en met h) en autonome reacties in niet-survival experimenten te correleren anatomisch met CNS kernen meten. De aanpak is niet bedoeld om te worden gebruikt voor het verkrijgen van chronische (overleving) opnames van de RSNA in ratten. Lozingen in RSNA, gemiddeld gerectificeerd RSNA en gemiddelde arteriële druk kan worden gekwantificeerd en geanalyseerd verder met parametrische statistische toetsen. Methoden voor het verkrijgen van veneuze toegang, gemiddelde arteriële druk telemetrically opnemen en hersenen fixatie voor toekomstige histologische analyse worden ook beschreven in het artikel.

Figuur 1 illustreert een voorbeeld RSNA en BP opname van een rat Nembutal-verdoofd. Een intraveneuze injectie van phenylephrine werd gebruikt voor het opwekken van een toename van de gemiddelde arteriële druk en te roepen van de baroreflex en van voorbijgaande aard sympathoinhibition4,6. Om te kwantificeren RSNA was de ruwe RSNA verholpen en gemiddeld voor niet-overlappende 10 s segmenten; de schatti...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats at JoVE.com

Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats

Acute wijzigingen kwantificeren van de renale sympathiek zenuw activiteit in reactie op het centrale zenuwstelsel manipulaties bij narcose ratten

Methoden voor het meten van sympathiek en cardiovasculaire reacties op het centrale zenuwstelsel (CNS) manipulaties zijn belangrijk voor het bevorderen van de neurowetenschappen. Dit protocol werd ontwikkeld om te helpen wetenschappers met meten en kwantificeren van acute wijzigingen in renal sympathiek zenuw activiteit (RSNA) bij narcose ratten (niet-overleving).

Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure are important parameters in cardiovascular and autonomic research; however, there are ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System

Optic Nerve transsectie: Een model van de volwassen Neuron Apoptosis in het centrale zenuwstelsel

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are CNS neurons that output visual information from the retina to the brain, via the optic nerve. 
The optic nerve can be ...

Multimodal Imaging of Stem Cell Implantation in the Central Nervous System of Mice

Multimodal Imaging van Stem Cell implantatie in het centrale zenuwstelsel van Muizen

During the past decade, stem cell transplantation has gained increasing interest as primary or secondary therapeutic modality for a variety of diseases, ...

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

Dubbele Elektrofysiologische Opnames van synaptisch-opgeroepen astrogliale en Neuronale responsen bij acute hippocampus Slices

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits

Multi-unit Opname Methoden om neurale activiteit karakteriseren in de Locust (<em&gt; Schistocerca Americana</em&gt;) Olfactorische Circuits

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival  of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar ...

Labeling of Single Cells in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster

Labeling of Single Cells in the Central Nervous System of Drosophila melanogaster

Labeling van afzonderlijke cellen in het centrale zenuwstelsel van<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

In this  article we describe how to individually label neurons in the embryonic CNS of Drosophila melanogaster by juxtacellular injection of the ...

An Injury Paradigm to Investigate Central Nervous System Repair in Drosophila

An Injury Paradigm to Investigate Central Nervous System Repair in Drosophila

Een blessure Paradigm aan het centrale zenuwstelsel Reparatie Onderzoek in<em&gt; Drosophila</em

An experimental method has been developed to investigate the cellular responses to central nervous system (CNS) injury using the fruit-fly Drosophila. ...

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

Directe Intraventriculaire levering van drugs aan het knaagdier centrale zenuwstelsel

Due to an inability to cross the blood brain barrier, certain drugs need to be directly delivered into the central nervous system (CNS). Our lab focuses ...

Immunohistochemical Analysis in the Rat Central Nervous System and Peripheral Lymph Node Tissue Sections

Immunohistochemische analyse in het Rat centrale zenuwstelsel en van perifere lymfeknopen Tissue Secties

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) provides highly specific, reliable and attractive protein visualization. Correct performance and interpretation of an IHC-based ...

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

In vivo Ondervraging van het centrale zenuwstelsel Translatome door Polyribosome Fractionation

Multiple processes are involved in gene expression including transcription, translation and stability of mRNAs and proteins. Each of these steps are ...

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

In vivo Optogenetic Stimulation of the Rodent Central Nervous System

In vivo optogenetische Stimulatie van de knaagdieren centrale zenuwstelsel

The ability to probe defined neural circuits in awake, freely-moving animals with cell-type specificity, spatial precision, and high temporal resolution ...