Name: quantifying acute changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity in response to central nervous system manipulations in anesthetized rats
Uploaded: 2018-09-11T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats at JoVE.com

Cette étude a été financée par le National Institute for Nursing Research (K99/R00NR014369).

Toutes les méthodes décrites ont été approuvées par le Comité institutionnel de protection des Animal à l’Université de l’Illinois à Chicago.
1. créer des électrodes bipolaires RSNA
<ol><li>Pour créer l’électrode, coupez deux morceaux de fil d’acier inoxydable chaque mesure environ 18 mm de long. Couper un morceau de polyéthylène (PE-50) tube environ 15 mm de long. Les deux morceaux de fil dans le tube, en laissant le fil par rapport aux deux extrémités de l’alimen...

<ol>
	<li>Mancia, G., Grassi, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+autonomic+nervous+system+and+hypertension.">The autonomic nervous system and hypertension.</a> Circulation Research. 114 (11), 1804-1814 (2014).</li><li>Kannan, A., Medina, R. I., Nagajothi, N., Balamuthusamy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Renal+sympathetic+nervous+system+and+the+effects+of+denervation+on+renal+arteries.">Renal sympathetic nervous system and the effects of denervation on renal arteries.</a> World Journal of Cardiology. 6 (8), 814-823 (2014).</li><li>Johns, E. J., Kopp, U. C., DiBona, G. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neural+control+of+renal+function.">Neural control of renal function.</a> Comprehensive Physiology. 1 (2), 767 (2011).</li><li>Fink, A. M., Dean, C., Piano, M. R., Carley, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pedunculopontine+tegmentum+controls+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+and+cardiorespiratory+activities+in+Nembutal-anesthetized+rats.">The pedunculopontine tegmentum controls renal sympathetic nerve activity and cardiorespiratory activities in Nembutal-anesthetized rats.</a> PLoS One. 12 (11), e0187956 (2017).</li><li>Dean, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endocannabinoid+modulation+of+sympathetic+and+cardiovascular+responses+to+acute+stress+in+the+periaqueductal+gray+of+the+rat.">Endocannabinoid modulation of sympathetic and cardiovascular responses to acute stress in the periaqueductal gray of the rat.</a> American Journal of Physiology, Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 300 (3), R771-R779 (2011).</li><li>Seagard, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anandamide+content+and+interaction+of+endocannabinoid/GABA+modulatory+effects+in+the+NTS+on+baroreflex-evoked+sympathoinhibition.">Anandamide content and interaction of endocannabinoid/GABA modulatory effects in the NTS on baroreflex-evoked sympathoinhibition.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 286 (3), H992-H1000 (2004).</li><li>Ferreira, C. B., Cravo, S. L., Stocker, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Airway+obstruction+produces+widespread+sympathoexcitation:+Role+of+hypoxia,+carotid+chemoreceptors,+and+NTS+neurotransmission.">Airway obstruction produces widespread sympathoexcitation: Role of hypoxia, carotid chemoreceptors, and NTS neurotransmission.</a> Physiological Reports. 6 (3), (2018).</li><li>Stocker, S. D., Muntzel, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recording+sympathetic+nerve+activity+chronically+in+rats:+Surgery+techniques,+assessment+of+nerve+activity,+and+quantification.">Recording sympathetic nerve activity chronically in rats: Surgery techniques, assessment of nerve activity, and quantification.</a> American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 305 (10), H1407-H1416 (2013).</li><li>Miki, K., Kosho, A., Hayashida, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+continuous+measurements+of+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+and+cardiovascular+function+during+exercise+in+rats.">Method for continuous measurements of renal sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular function during exercise in rats.</a> Experimental Physiology. 87 (1), 33-39 (2002).</li><li>Huetteman, D. A., Bogie, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+blood+pressure+monitoring+in+laboratory+rodents+via+implantable+radio+telemetry.">Direct blood pressure monitoring in laboratory rodents via implantable radio telemetry.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 573, 57-73 (2009).</li><li>Jespersen, B., Knupp, L., Northcott, C. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Femoral+arterial+and+venous+catheterization+for+blood+sampling,+drug+administration+and+conscious+blood+pressure+and+heart+rate+measurements.">Femoral arterial and venous catheterization for blood sampling, drug administration and conscious blood pressure and heart rate measurements.</a> Journal of Visualized Experiments. (59), 3496 (2012).</li><li>Paxinos, G., Watson, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates. , (2014).</li><li>Scislo, T. J., Augustyniak, R. A., O'Leary, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+arterial+baroreflex+regulation+of+renal,+lumbar,+and+adrenal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+the+rat.">Differential arterial baroreflex regulation of renal, lumbar, and adrenal sympathetic nerve activity in the rat.</a> American Journal of Physiology. 275, R995-R1002 (1998).</li><li>Kopp, U. C., Jones, S. Y., DiBona, G. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Afferent+renal+denervation+impairs+baroreflex+control+of+efferent+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity.">Afferent renal denervation impairs baroreflex control of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity.</a> American Journal of Physiology, Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology. 295 (6), R1882-R1890 (2008).</li><li>Guild, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantifying+sympathetic+nerve+activity:+problems,+pitfalls+and+the+need+for+standardization.">Quantifying sympathetic nerve activity: problems, pitfalls and the need for standardization.</a> Experimental Physiology. 95 (1), 41-50 (2010).</li><li>Stocker, S. D., Hunwick, K. J., Toney, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypothalamic+paraventricular+nucleus+differentially+supports+lumbar+and+renal+sympathetic+outflow+in+water-deprived+rats.">Hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus differentially supports lumbar and renal sympathetic outflow in water-deprived rats.</a> Journal of Physiology. 15 (563 Pt 1), 249-263 (2005).</li><li>Stocker, S. D., Gordon, K. W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutamate+receptors+in+the+hypothalamic+paraventricular+nucleus+contribute+to+insulin-induced+sympathoexcitation.">Glutamate receptors in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus contribute to insulin-induced sympathoexcitation.</a> Neurophysiology. 113 (5), 1302-1309 (2015).</li><li>Saponjic, J., Radulovacki, M., Carley, D. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Injection+of+glutamate+into+the+pedunculopontine+tegmental+nuclei+of+anesthetized+rat+causes+respiratory+dysrhythmia+and+alters+EEG+and+EMG+power.">Injection of glutamate into the pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei of anesthetized rat causes respiratory dysrhythmia and alters EEG and EMG power.</a> Sleep and Breathing. 9 (2), 82-91 (2005).</li><li>DiBona, G. F., Jones, S. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+analysis+of+renal+nerve+activity+responses+to+baroreceptor+denervation+in+hypertensive+rats.">Dynamic analysis of renal nerve activity responses to baroreceptor denervation in hypertensive rats.</a> Hypertension. 37 (4), 1153-1163 (2001).</li><li>Kunitake, T., Kannan, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discharge+pattern+of+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+the+conscious+rat:+spectral+analysis+of+integrated+activity.">Discharge pattern of renal sympathetic nerve activity in the conscious rat: spectral analysis of integrated activity.</a> Journal of Neurophysiology. 84 (6), 2859-2867 (2000).</li><li>Machado, B. H., Bonagamba, L. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microinjection+of+L-glutamate+into+the+nucleus+tractus+solitarii+increases+arterial+pressure+in+conscious+rats.">Microinjection of L-glutamate into the nucleus tractus solitarii increases arterial pressure in conscious rats.</a> Brain Research. 576 (1), 131-138 (1992).</li><li>Murakami, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhalation+anesthesia+is+preferable+for+recording+rat+cardiac+function+using+an+electrocardiogram.">Inhalation anesthesia is preferable for recording rat cardiac function using an electrocardiogram.</a> Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 37 (5), 834-839 (2014).</li><li>Nakamura, T., Tanida, M., Niijima, A., Hibino, H., Shen, J., Nagai, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Auditory+stimulation+affects+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+and+blood+pressure+in+rats.">Auditory stimulation affects renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in rats.</a> Neuroscience Letters. 416 (2), 107-112 (2007).</li><li>Bardgett, M. E., McCarthy, J. J., Stocker, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutamatergic+receptor+activation+in+the+rostral+ventrolateral+medulla+mediates+the+sympathoexcitatory+response+to+hyperinsulinemia.">Glutamatergic receptor activation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla mediates the sympathoexcitatory response to hyperinsulinemia.</a> Hypertension. 55 (2), 284-290 (2010).</li><li>Brozoski, D. T., Dean, C., Hopp, F. A., Seagard, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uptake+blockade+of+endocannabinoids+in+the+NTS+modulates+baroreflex-evoked+sympathoinhibition.">Uptake blockade of endocannabinoids in the NTS modulates baroreflex-evoked sympathoinhibition.</a> Brain Research. 1059 (2), 197-202 (2005).</li><li>Barman, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What+can+we+learn+about+neural+control+of+the+cardiovascular+system+by+studying+rhythms+in+sympathetic+nerve+activity?.">What can we learn about neural control of the cardiovascular system by studying rhythms in sympathetic nerve activity?.</a> International Journal of Psychophysiology. 103, 69-78 (2016).</li><li>Charkoudian, N., Wallin, B. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sympathetic+neural+activity+to+the+cardiovascular+system:+integrator+of+systemic+physiology+and+interindividual+characteristics.">Sympathetic neural activity to the cardiovascular system: integrator of systemic physiology and interindividual characteristics.</a> Comprehensive Physiology. 4 (2), 825-850 (2014).</li><li>Malpas, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sympathetic+nervous+system+overactivity+and+its+role+in+the+development+of+cardiovascular+disease.">Sympathetic nervous system overactivity and its role in the development of cardiovascular disease.</a> Physiological Reviews. 90 (2), 513-557 (2010).</li><li>Chen, W. W., Xiong, X. Q., Chen, Q., Li, Y. H., Kang, Y. M., Zhu, G. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+sympathetic+afferent+reflex+and+its+implications+for+sympathetic+activation+in+chronic+heart+failure+and+hypertension.">Cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex and its implications for sympathetic activation in chronic heart failure and hypertension.</a> Acta Physiologica. 213 (4), 778-794 (2015).</li><li>Linz, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulation+of+renal+sympathetic+innervation:+Recent+insights+beyond+blood+pressure+control.">Modulation of renal sympathetic innervation: Recent insights beyond blood pressure control.</a> Clinical Autonomic Research. , (2018).</li></ol>

Les étapes essentielles pour mesurer la RSNA comprennent : (1) en évitant de s’étendant de l’artère rénale et des nerfs en séparant les reins des muscles paravertébraux et lorsque vous placez le segment de nerf sur les électrodes d’enregistrement, (2) soigneusement disséqué les fibres nerveuses rénales du tissu environnant/navire, (3) s’assurer que les fils de l’électrode sont libres de tissus, le sang, ou liquide lymphatique et (4) empêchant le nerf ne se dessèchent pas en appliquant l’huile m...

Des découvertes précliniques sur contrôle autonome du système cardio-vasculaire informent des stratégies de gestion des troubles tels que l’hypertension artérielle, insuffisance cardiaque et l’insuffisance rénale chronique. Une activité excessive du système nerveux sympathique et tonus cardiaque vagal réduit contribuent à la tension artérielle élevée (BP)1. Chroniquement élevé débit sympathique rénale augmente la sécrétion de catécholamines et diminue le débit sanguin rénal, avec des conséquences délétères pour les systèmes cardiovasculaires/rénale2,3. Pour définir les voies neurobiologiques conduisant à un dysfonctionnement autonomique, les études chez les rongeurs sont importants pour déterminer comment les neurones du système nerveux central (SNC) régulent paramètres sympathiques. Le but du présent protocole est de fournir des informations techniques sur la mesure de l’activité nerveuse sympathique rénale (RSNA) et BP et de décrire les techniques utilisées pour quantifier les changements aigus de sympathiques en réponse à des manipulations de CNS chez des rats anesthésiés.
Mesures de RSNA aiguës (sans survie) (durée min à h) sont utiles lorsque les scientifiques sondera la CNS sur le plan pharmacologique, électriquement, ou optogenetically en anesthésiés rats pour déterminer les fonctions des noyaux spécifiques. À l’aide de ces méthodes, ouvrages d’art tels que le noyau solitaire, grise périaqueducale, tegmentum pedunculopontine et la moelle ventro rostral ont été étudiées pour définir les voies neurobiologiques réglementant les paramètres sympathique4, 5,6,7. Cette démarche est importante pour l’identification des cibles de la CNS à étudier plus en détail dans les modèles chroniques du dysfonctionnement autonomique8,9. Pour compléter ces expériences, le laboratoire nécessite un fer à souder, microscope chirurgical, cadre stéréotaxique, amplificateur de microélectrodes et moniteur audio. Selon les facteurs présents dans le laboratoire qui contribuent au bruit électrique, la zone chirurgicale/enregistrement peut exiger un Faraday cage/mise à la terre, sangle réduire le bruit électrique dans l’inscription de RSNA. Si les analyses de cerveau nécessite la fixation tissulaire, un capot de pompe et de fumées de perfusion sont nécessaires. Données peuvent être numérisées et enregistrement à l’aide de plusieurs logiciels/données physiologiques acquisition (convertisseur analogique / numérique) unités4,5, avec analyse différentes options et compatibilités pour incorporer des signaux télémétriques .

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel wire</td>
			<td>A-M Systems; Sequim, WA</td>
			<td>791000</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene (PE-50) tubing</td>
			<td>VWR; Radnor, PA</td>
			<td>63019-048</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode; vessel cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Miniature pin connector</td>
			<td>A-M Systems; Sequim, WA</td>
			<td>520200</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crimping tool</td>
			<td>Daniels Manufacturing Corp.; Orlando, FL</td>
			<td>M22520</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Connector strip</td>
			<td>Amphenol; Clinton Township, MI</td>
			<td>221-2653</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>J-B Kwik Epoxy</td>
			<td>J-B Weld, Sulphur Springs, TX</td>
			<td>8270</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silicone</td>
			<td>Permatex; Hartford, CT</td>
			<td>2222</td>
			<td>RSNA electrode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heparin sodium; Injectable (10 mL vial, 1000 U/mL)</td>
			<td>KV Veterinary Supply; David City, NE</td>
			<td>P03466</td>
			<td>Venous line patency</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phenylephrine HCl; Injectable (1 mL vial; 10 mg/mL)</td>
			<td>ACE Surgical Supply; Brockton, MA</td>
			<td>950-6312</td>
			<td>Testing renal sympathoinhibition</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Single-hook elastic surgical stays</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus; Holliston, MA</td>
			<td>72-2595</td>
			<td>Incision</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silk surgical tape</td>
			<td>3M, Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>1538-0</td>
			<td>Secure surgical stays</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needles, 20 G</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO</td>
			<td>Z192554-100EA</td>
			<td>Vessel cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #7 curved forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>11274-20</td>
			<td>Vessel cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 silk suture ties</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific; Braintree, MA</td>
			<td>SUT-S 106</td>
			<td>Vessel cannulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Delicate hemostatic forceps</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.; Gaithersburg, MD</td>
			<td>RS-7117</td>
			<td>Vessel cannulation and RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crile Hemostatic forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>13004-14</td>
			<td>Needle bending</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Telemetry transmitter</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International; Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>PA-10</td>
			<td>Mean arterial pressure monitoring (telemetry)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Re-gel syringe</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International; Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>276-0038-001</td>
			<td>Transmitter reuse (telemetry)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable pressure transducer</td>
			<td>Transpac; San Clemente, CA</td>
			<td>MI-1224</td>
			<td>Mean arterial pressure monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Clear-Cuff pressure infuser</td>
			<td>MILA International Inc.; Florence, KY</td>
			<td>2281339</td>
			<td>Mean arterial pressure monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vessel cannulation forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>00574-11</td>
			<td>Catheter insertion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Black monofilament nylon 4-0 suture on reverse cutting needle</td>
			<td>McKesson Medical-Surgical; San Francisco, CA</td>
			<td>S661GX</td>
			<td>Secure telemetry transmitter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Telemetry receiver</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International; Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>RPC-1</td>
			<td>Mean arterial pressure monitoring (telemetry)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LabChart Pro (software), PowerLab (acquisition hardware)</td>
			<td>AD Instruments; Colorado Springs, CO</td>
			<td>ML846, MX2 matrix 2.0 (Compatible with Data Science International telemetry)</td>
			<td>3 options for software/acquisition hardware</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SciWorks (software), DataWave (acquisition hardware)</td>
			<td>DataWave Technologies, Loveland, CO</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spike 2 (software), Micro1401-3</td>
			<td>Cambridge Electronic Design Ltd., London UK</td>
			<td>1401-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-drill</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co.; Gaithersburg, MD</td>
			<td>RS-6300</td>
			<td>CNS surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereotaxic surgery frame</td>
			<td>Stoelting; Wood Dale, IL</td>
			<td>51600</td>
			<td>CNS surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microelectrode amplifier with 10X pre-amplifier</td>
			<td>A-M Systems; Sequim, WA</td>
			<td>1800-2</td>
			<td>RSNA recording</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retractors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>17009-07</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-dissecting tweezers</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>11251-10</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro-hook</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools; Foster City, CA</td>
			<td>10064-14</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mineral oil</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific; Waltham, MA</td>
			<td>8042-47-5</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Audio monitor</td>
			<td>A-M Systems; Sequim, WA</td>
			<td>3300</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silica gel</td>
			<td>Wacker, Munchen; Germany</td>
			<td>RT601A-B</td>
			<td>RSNA surgery</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrical clips</td>
			<td>Tyco Electronics; Schaffhausen, Switzerland</td>
			<td>EB0283-000</td>
			<td>Grounding or securing perfusion needle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bonn scissors, straight/sharp points</td>
			<td>Roboz Surgical Instrument Co; Gaithersburg, MD</td>
			<td>RS-5840</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gavage needle</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus; Holliston, MA</td>
			<td>75-0286</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masterflex perfusion pump</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer; Vernon Hills, IL</td>
			<td>7524-10</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Masterflex platinum-cured silicone tubing</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer; Vernon Hills, IL</td>
			<td>96410-15</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formalin (10% buffered solution; 4 L)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO</td>
			<td>HT501128</td>
			<td>Perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich; St. Louis, MO</td>
			<td>S0389</td>
			<td>Cryoprotection</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

quantifying acute changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity in response to central nervous system manipulations in anesthetized rats

L’activité nerveuse sympathique rénale (RSNA) et la pression artérielle moyenne sont des paramètres importants dans la recherche cardiovasculaire et le système nerveux autonome ; Cependant, il sont a des ressources limitées, diriger des scientifiques dans les techniques de mesure et d’analyse de ces variables. Ce protocole décrit les méthodes pour mesurer la RSNA et la pression artérielle moyenne chez le rat anesthésié. Le protocole inclut également les approches permettant d’accéder à du cerveau pendant les enregistrements de la RSNA pour des manipulations du système nerveux central (SNC). La technique d’enregistrement de la RSNA est compatible avec pharmacologique, optogenetic, ou la stimulation électrique du SNC. L’approche est utile lorsque l’enquêteur mesurera à court terme (min h) réponses autonomes dans les expériences sans survie en corrélation anatomique avec des noyaux de CNS. L’approche n’est pas prévue pour être utilisé pour obtenir des enregistrements de chronique (survie) de RSNA chez les rats. Rejets au RSNA, en moyenne corrigée RSNA, et la pression artérielle moyenne peut être quantifié et analysés en utilisant des tests statistiques paramétriques. Méthodes pour obtenir des accès veineux, l’enregistrement de la pression artérielle moyenne telemetrically et fixation du cerveau pour des analyses histologiques sont également décrits dans l’article.

La figure 1 illustre un enregistrement de RSNA et BP d’échantillon d’un rat anesthésié Nembutal. Une injection intraveineuse de phényléphrine a été utilisée pour induire une augmentation de la pression artérielle moyenne et pour évoquer le baroréflexe et transitoires sympathoinhibition4,6. Afin de quantifier la RSNA, la RSNA raw a été redressée et inscrivit en 10 segments s sans chev...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats at JoVE.com

Quantifying Acute Changes in Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity in Response to Central Nervous System Manipulations in Anesthetized Rats

Quantifier les changements aigus dans l’activité nerveuse sympathique rénale en réponse à des Manipulations du système nerveux Central chez le rat anesthésié

Méthodes pour mesurer les réponses sympathiques et cardiovasculaires aux manipulations du système nerveux central (SNC) sont importants pour faire progresser la neuroscience. Ce protocole a été développé pour aider les scientifiques à mesurer et quantifier les changements aigus dans l’activité nerveuse sympathique rénale (RSNA) chez des rats anesthésiés (sans survie).

Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) and mean arterial pressure are important parameters in cardiovascular and autonomic research; however, there are ...

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Optic Nerve Transection: A Model of Adult Neuron Apoptosis in the Central Nervous System

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