Name: measurement of dynamic force acted on water strider leg jumping upward by the pvdf film sensor
Uploaded: 2018-08-03T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takke nationale nøglen Technology Research og Development Program af Ministeriet for videnskab og teknologi i Kina (No. 2011BAK15B06) for deres støtte. Takke Shuya Zhuang der er en mester studerende fra vores laboratorium for at hjælpe os komplet video-optagelser.

1. observation af overfladestruktur på vand Strider ben
<ol><li>Indsamle vand striders fra lokale ferskvand damme ved hjælp af fiskeri landing netto.</li>
	<li>Skåret af mindst 5 par midterste ben som eksperimentelle prøver ved hjælp af saks. Rør bunden af benene omhyggeligt, for at forhindre den overfladekontaminering og forstyrre af mikrostrukturen i benene.</li>
	<li>Lufttørre ben ud i luften.</li>
	<li>Observere ben ved hjælp af en scanning elektron mikroskop med mikro-niveau opløsning som vist i <strong c...

<ol>
	<li>Gao, X., Jiang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biophysics:+Water-repellent+legs+of+water+striders.">Biophysics: Water-repellent legs of water striders.</a> Nature. 432 (7013), 36 (2004).</li><li>Hu, D. L., Chan, B., Bush, J. W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+hydrodynamics+of+water+strider+locomotion.">The hydrodynamics of water strider locomotion.</a> Nature. 424 (6949), 663-666 (2003).</li><li>Jiang, C. G., Xin, S. C., Wu, C. 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Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+topographies+of+water+surface+dimples+formed+by+superhydrophobic+water+strider+legs.">Three-dimensional topographies of water surface dimples formed by superhydrophobic water strider legs.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 109 (16), 163701 (2016).</li><li>Liu, J. L., Feng, X. Q., Wang, G. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Buoyant+force+and+sinking+condition+of+a+hydrophobic+thin+rod+floating+on+water.">Buoyant force and sinking condition of a hydrophobic thin rod floating on water.</a> Physical Review E. 76 (6), 066103 (2007).</li><li>Ng, T. W., Panduputra, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamical+force+and+imaging+characterization+of+superhydrophobic+surfaces.">Dynamical force and imaging characterization of superhydrophobic surfaces.</a> Langmuir the Acs Journal of Surfaces &amp; Colloids. 28 (1), 453-458 (2012).</li><li>Zheng, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elegant+Shadow+Making+Tiny+Force+Visible+for+Water-Walking+Arthropods+and+Updated+Archimedes'+Principle.">Elegant Shadow Making Tiny Force Visible for Water-Walking Arthropods and Updated Archimedes' Principle.</a> Langmuir. 32 (41), 10522-10528 (2016).</li><li>Zhao, J., Zhang, X., Chen, N., Pan, Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Why+superhydrophobicity+is+crucial+for+a+water-jumping+microrobot?+Experimental+and+theoretical+investigations.">Why superhydrophobicity is crucial for a water-jumping microrobot? 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L., Sun, J., Mei, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomimetic+mechanics+behaviors+of+the+strider+leg+vertically+pressing+water.">Biomimetic mechanics behaviors of the strider leg vertically pressing water.</a> Applied Physics Letters. 104 (23), 231607 (2014).</li><li>Kong, X. Q., Liu, J. L., Wu, C. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Why+a+mosquito+leg+possesses+superior+load-bearing+capacity+on+water:+Experimentals.">Why a mosquito leg possesses superior load-bearing capacity on water: Experimentals.</a> Acta Mechanica Sinica. 32 (2), 335-341 (2016).</li><li>Liu, J. L., Mei, Y., Xia, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+wetting+mechanism+based+upon+triple+contact+line+pinning.">A new wetting mechanism based upon triple contact line pinning.</a> Langmuir. 27 (1), 196-200 (2011).</li><li>Lee, D. G., Kim, H. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+superhydrophobicity+in+the+adhesion+of+a+floating+cylinder.">The role of superhydrophobicity in the adhesion of a floating cylinder.</a> Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 624, 23-32 (2009).</li><li>Wei, P. J., Chen, S. C., Lin, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adhesion+forces+and+contact+angles+of+water+strider+legs.">Adhesion forces and contact angles of water strider legs.</a> Langmuir. 25 (3), 1526-1528 (2008).</li><li>Su, Y., Ji, B., Huang, Y., Hwang, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nature's+design+of+hierarchical+superhydrophobic+surfaces+of+a+water+strider+for+low+adhesion+and+low-energy+dissipation.">Nature's design of hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces of a water strider for low adhesion and low-energy dissipation.</a> Langmuir. 26 (24), 18926-18937 (2010).</li><li>Shen, Y., Xi, N., Lai, K. W. C., Li, W. 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Y., Xu, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+flexible+piezoelectric+force+sensor+based+on+PVDF+fabrics.">A flexible piezoelectric force sensor based on PVDF fabrics.</a> Smart Materials and Structures. 20 (4), 045009 (2011).</li><li>Liu, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+PVDF+film+to+stress+measurement+of+structural+member.">Application of PVDF film to stress measurement of structural member.</a> Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan. 2002 (192), 591-599 (2002).</li><li>Fujii, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proposal+for+a+step+response+evaluation+method+for+force+transducers.">Proposal for a step response evaluation method for force transducers.</a> Measurement Science and Technology. 14 (10), 1741-1746 (2003).</li><li>Zheng, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+environmental+noise+suppression+for+micronewton+force+sensing+based+on+electrostatic+by+injecting+air+damping.">Improving environmental noise suppression for micronewton force sensing based on electrostatic by injecting air damping.</a> Review of Scientific Instruments. 85 (5), 055002 (2014).</li><li>Zheng, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+multi-position+calibration+of+the+stiffness+for+atomic-force+microscope+cantilevers+based+on+vibration.">The multi-position calibration of the stiffness for atomic-force microscope cantilevers based on vibration.</a> Measurement Science and Technology. 26 (5), 055001 (2015).</li><li>Sun, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Differential+Method+for+Force+Measurement+Based+on+Electrostatic+Force.">The Differential Method for Force Measurement Based on Electrostatic Force.</a> Journal of Sensors. 2017, 1857920 (2017).</li><li>Song, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Highly+Sensitive,+Precise,+and+Traceable+Measurement+of+Force.">Highly Sensitive, Precise, and Traceable Measurement of Force.</a> Instrumentation Science &amp; Technology. 44 (4), 386-400 (2016).</li><li>Kurata, M., Li, X., Fujita, K., Yamaguchi, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Piezoelectric+dynamic+strain+monitoring+for+detecting+local+seismic+damage+in+steel+buildings.">Piezoelectric dynamic strain monitoring for detecting local seismic damage in steel buildings.</a> Smart Materials and Structures. 22 (11), 115002 (2013).</li><li>Qasaimeh, M. 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I denne protokol, var en dynamisk kraft målesystem baseret på PVDF film sensor med held udtænkt, samlet, kalibreret til at måle vedhæftning kraften fra vandoverfladen. Blandt de hele trin, var det afgørende at vedhæftning kraft blev målt ved forskellige hastigheder ved at løfte benet fra vandoverfladen som denne undersøgelse fokuserer på det bemærkelsesværdige kendetegn ved hurtig manøvrering på vandet. Resultaterne af afgår eksperiment viste, at vedhæftning kraft faldt når hejse hastigheden øges. Diss...

I naturen besidder vandet striders bemærkelsesværdige evne til at hoppe eller glider nemt og hurtigt på vandoverfladen ved hjælp af slank og nonwetting ben1,2,3,4,5, men sjældent bevæger langsomt, hvilket er i modsætning til de jordbaserede insekter. Den hierarkiske struktur for vand strider stabiliserer den superhydrophobic stat, som gengiver dramatisk reduktion i området og vedhæftning kontaktkraft mellem vand og ben6,7,8, 9. men de hydrodynamiske fordelene ved hurtig tilbagetrækningen af vand striders fra vandoverfladen fortsat dårligt fortolket10,11,12.
Processen med at hoppe fra vandoverfladen er primært opdelt i tre faser13,14,15,16. I første omgang skubbe vand striders vandoverfladen nedad med de midterste og bageste ben konvertere den biologiske energi til overfladeenergi af vandet indtil synke til den maksimale dybde, som aktiverer insekt at initialisere den hoppe retning og bestemme fjernelse hastigheden. Efterfulgt af den stigende fase, er insekt skubbet opad af buede vandoverfladen kapillær kraft indtil nå den maksimale hastighed. I den endelige tilbagetrækning fase, vand strider fortsætter med at stige af inerti indtil bryde væk fra vandoverfladen, men hastigheden er stort set reduceret på grund af friktion kraften med vandet, har som vigtigste indflydelse på energiforbruget i de vand strider. Derfor foreslås denne protokol til at måle vedhæftning kraft på forskellige take-off hastighed i tilbagetrækningen scenen og forklare de forskellige kendetegn ved hurtig bevægelse.
Der har været mange undersøgelser til at udforske vedhæftning kraften af vand striders når fremdriver fra vandoverfladen. Lee & Kim bekræftet teoretisk og eksperimentelt at vedhæftning kraft og energi kræves løfte vand strider ben faldt drastisk, når ryglænets kontakt steg til 160 grader17. Pan Jen Wei designet en hydrostatisk eksperiment for at måle vedhæftning styrken af det TriboScope System, der fandtes for at være 1/5 af sin vægt 18. Kehchih Hwang analyseret kvasistatiske processen med benene afmontering fra vandet med en 2D model og fundet superhydrophobicity af ben spillede en væsentlig rolle i at reducere friktion-kraft og energi dissipation-19. Måling af adhæsion kraft i tidligere undersøgelser var dog kun på betingelse af en kvasistatiske proces, som ikke var i stand til at overvåge vedhæftning kraft ændringer under den hurtige hoppe.
I denne undersøgelse, vi har designet en dynamisk kraft måling system ved hjælp af polyvinylidene fluorid (PVDF) film sensor og andre adjuverende instrument. Sammenlignet med andre piezoelektriske materialer, er PVDF mere velegnet til måling af dynamisk microforce med højere følsomhed20,21,22. Ved at integrere PVDF film sensor i systemet, kunne real-time vedhæftning kraft registreres og behandles, når benet blev trækker op fra vand overfladen23,24,25.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:559px;" width="559">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:32px;width:87px;">PVDF film sensor</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">TE Connectivity</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">DT1-028K/L</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The PVDF film sensor is used to sense the dynamic contact force .</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Charge amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Wuxi Shiao Technology co.,Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">YE5852B</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The charge amplifier&#160;is an electronic current integrator that produces a voltage output proportional to the integrated value of the input</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Data acquisition device</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">USB-4431</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The data acquisition device is used to read the voltage data.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Displacement stage</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">ZOLIXINSTRUMENTS CO.LTD</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">KSAV1010-ZF</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">KSAV1010/2030-ZF is a wedge vertical stage with high-resolution, high-stability and high-load.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Shenzhen Andonstar Tech Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">digital microscope A1</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">Frame rate: 30 frames/sec;Focal distance: 5mm - 30mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:87px;">Computer</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Lenovo</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">G480</td>
			<td style="width:275px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td height="32" style="height:33px;width:87px;">Servomotor</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">EMAX US Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">ES08MD</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">It&#39;s not bad this servo with speed varying from 0.10 sec/60&#176; / 4.8v to 0.08 sec/60&#176;/6.0v.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:87px;">Mechanical Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">Dragon Laboratory Instruments Limited</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">YE5K693181</td>
			<td style="width:275px;">The pipettes cover volume range of 0.1 &#956;l to 2.5 &#956;l</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of dynamic force acted on water strider leg jumping upward by the pvdf film sensor

Denne undersøgelse havde til formål at gøre en forklaring på fænomenet i naturen at vand strider normalt springer eller glider på vandoverfladen, let, men hurtigt, med dens peak bevægelse hastighed nåede 150 cm/s. Først og fremmest, observeret vi mikrostruktur og hierarki af vand strider ben ved hjælp af scanning elektron mikroskop. På grundlag af de observerede morfologi af ben, blev der etableret en teoretisk model af udstationering fra vandoverfladen, hvilket forklarede vandet striders' evne til at glide på vandoverfladen uden besvær med hensyn til energibesparelse. For det andet blev en dynamisk kraft målesystem udtænkt med PVDF film sensor med fremragende følsomhed, som kunne afsløre hele interaktion proces. Efterfølgende et enkelt ben i kontakt med vand blev trukket opad ved forskellige hastigheder, og vedhæftning kraft blev målt på samme tid. Resultaterne af den afgående eksperiment foreslog en dyb forståelse af den hurtige hoppe af vand striders.

Forholdet mellem løfte hastighed og vedhæftning kraft er vist i tabel 1. Når hejse hastigheden øges fra 0,01 m/s til 0,3 m/s, tvinge vedhæftning mellem vand overfladen og ben falder dramatisk fra 0,10 til 0,03. Resultaterne af den afgående eksperiment viste, at peak vedhæftning kraft ville falde dramatisk, som de hejse hastighed forhøje, hvoraf det fremgik, at vand striders kan føle sig godt tilpas, hvis de bevæger sig hurtigt på vandoverfladen.
<p class="j...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor at JoVE.com

Measurement of Dynamic Force Acted on Water Strider Leg Jumping Upward by the PVDF Film Sensor

Måling af dynamisk kraft handlet på vand Strider ben hoppe opad ved PVDF Film Sensor

Protokol her er dedikeret til at undersøge den gratis og hurtig manøvrering af vand strider på vandoverfladen. Protokollen indeholder observere mikrostruktur af ben og måle vedhæftning kraft når afgår fra vandoverfladen ved forskellige hastigheder.

This study aimed to make an explanation for the phenomenon in nature that water strider usually jumps or glides on the water surface easily but quickly, ...

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