Name: neurogenesis using p19 embryonal carcinoma cells
Uploaded: 2019-04-27T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neurogenesis Using P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了波兰国家科学中心(赠款No.UMO-2017/25/N/NZ3/01886)和KNOW(领先的国家研究中心)科学联盟"健康动物-安全食品",科学和高等教育部第05-1/KNOW2/2015

1. 文化维护
<ol><li>培养维护介质中的P19细胞系(Dulbeco的改性Eagle培养基,含有4,500毫克/升葡萄糖,辅以10%FBS、100单位/mL青霉素和100单位/mL链霉素)。在37°C和5%CO2下孵育。</li>
</ol>2. 亚培养细胞
<ol><li>当细胞达到约80%汇合时,从细胞培养瓶中取出废培养基(表面积25cm2)。</li>
	<li>用不含钙和镁的2 mL磷酸盐缓冲盐水(PBS)清洗细胞。</li>
	<li>在细胞单层上加入1 mL的0.25%胰蛋白?...

<ol>
	<li>Ramkumar, N., Anderson, K. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SnapShot:+mouse+primitive+streak.">SnapShot: mouse primitive streak.</a> Cell. 146 (3), 488 (2011).</li><li>Solnica-Krezel, L., Sepich, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gastrulation:+making+and+shaping+germ+layers.">Gastrulation: making and shaping germ layers.</a> Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology. 28, 687-717 (2012).</li><li>Tam, P. P. L., Gad, J. M., Stern, C. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chapter+16:+Gastrulation+in+the+Mouse+Embryo.">Chapter 16: Gastrulation in the Mouse Embryo.</a> Gastrulation: From Cells to Embryo. , 233-262 (2004).</li><li>Sajini, A. A., Greder, L. V., Dutton, J. R., Slack, J. M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+Oct4+expression+during+the+development+of+murine+embryoid+bodies.">Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine embryoid bodies.</a> Developmental Biology. 371 (2), 170-179 (2012).</li><li>ten Berge, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt+Signaling+Mediates+Self-Organization+and+Axis+Formation+in+Embryoid+Bodies.">Wnt Signaling Mediates Self-Organization and Axis Formation in Embryoid Bodies.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3 (5), 508-518 (2008).</li><li>Bain, G., Ray, W. J., Yao, M., Gottlieb, D. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+to+neurons:+the+P19+pathway.">From embryonal carcinoma cells to neurons: the P19 pathway.</a> Bioessays. 16 (5), 343-348 (1994).</li><li>Lin, Y. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=YAP+regulates+neuronal+differentiation+through+Sonic+hedgehog+signaling+pathway.">YAP regulates neuronal differentiation through Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway.</a> Experimental Cell Research. 318 (15), 1877-1888 (2012).</li><li>Neo, W. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA+miR-124+controls+the+choice+between+neuronal+and+astrocyte+differentiation+by+fine-tuning+Ezh2+expression.">MicroRNA miR-124 controls the choice between neuronal and astrocyte differentiation by fine-tuning Ezh2 expression.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289 (30), 20788-20801 (2014).</li><li>Jones-Villeneuve, E., McBurney, M. W., Rogers, K. A., Kalnins, V. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinoic+acid+induces+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+to+differentiate+into+neurons+and+glial+cells.">Retinoic acid induces embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into neurons and glial cells.</a> The Journal of Cell Biology. 94 (2), 253-262 (1982).</li><li>McBurney, M. W., Rogers, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+male+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+and+their+chromosome+replication+patterns.">Isolation of male embryonal carcinoma cells and their chromosome replication patterns.</a> Developmental Biology. 89 (2), 503-508 (1982).</li><li>Jones-Villeneuve, E., Rudnicki, M. A., Harris, J. F., McBurney, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinoic+acid-induced+neural+differentiation+of+embryonal+carcinoma+cells.">Retinoic acid-induced neural differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 3 (12), 2271-2279 (1983).</li><li>Jasmin, D. C., Spray, A. C., Campos de Carvalho, R., Mendez-Otero, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+induction+of+cardiac+differentiation+in+P19+embryonal+carcinoma+stem+cells.">Chemical induction of cardiac differentiation in P19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 19 (3), 403-412 (2010).</li><li>Solari, M., Paquin, J., Ducharme, P., Boily, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P19+neuronal+differentiation+and+retinoic+acid+metabolism+as+criteria+to+investigate+atrazine,+nitrite,+and+nitrate+developmental+toxicity.">P19 neuronal differentiation and retinoic acid metabolism as criteria to investigate atrazine, nitrite, and nitrate developmental toxicity.</a> Toxicological Sciences. 113 (1), 116-126 (2010).</li><li>Babuska, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+P19+cells+during+retinoic+acid+induced+differentiation.">Characterization of P19 cells during retinoic acid induced differentiation.</a> Prague Medical Report. 111 (4), 289-299 (2010).</li><li>Monzo, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+generating+high-yield+enriched+neuronal+cultures+from+P19+embryonal+carcinoma+cells.">A method for generating high-yield enriched neuronal cultures from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 204 (1), 87-103 (2012).</li><li>Popova, D., Karlsson, J., Jacobsson, S. O. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+neurons+derived+from+mouse+P19,+rat+PC12+and+human+SH-SY5Y+cells+in+the+assessment+of+chemical-+and+toxin-induced+neurotoxicity.">Comparison of neurons derived from mouse P19, rat PC12 and human SH-SY5Y cells in the assessment of chemical- and toxin-induced neurotoxicity.</a> BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 18 (1), 42 (2017).</li><li>Woodgate, A., MacGibbon, G., Walton, M., Dragunow, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+toxicity+of+6-hydroxydopamine+on+PC12+and+P19+cells.">The toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine on PC12 and P19 cells.</a> Molecular Brain Research. 69 (1), 84-92 (1999).</li><li>Tsukane, M., Yamauchi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent+protein+kinase+II+mediates+apoptosis+of+P19+cells+expressing+human+tau+during+neural+differentiation+with+retinoic+acid+treatment.">Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mediates apoptosis of P19 cells expressing human tau during neural differentiation with retinoic acid treatment.</a> Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry. 24 (2), 365-371 (2009).</li><li>Adler, S., Pellizzer, C., Paparella, M., Hartung, T., Bremer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+solvents+on+embryonic+stem+cell+differentiation.">The effects of solvents on embryonic stem cell differentiation.</a> Toxicology in Vitro. 20 (3), 265-271 (2006).</li><li>Jones-Villeneuve, E. M., McBurney, M. W., Rogers, K. A., Kalnins, V. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinoic+acid+induces+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+to+differentiate+into+neurons+and+glial+cells.">Retinoic acid induces embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into neurons and glial cells.</a> The Journal of Cell Biology. 94 (2), 253-262 (1982).</li><li>Roy, B., Taneja, R., Chambon, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergistic+activation+of+retinoic+acid+(RA)-responsive+genes+and+induction+of+embryonal+carcinoma+cell+differentiation+by+an+RA+receptor+alpha+(RAR+alpha)-,+RAR+beta-,+or+RAR+gamma-selective+ligand+in+combination+with+a+retinoid+X+receptor-specific+ligand.">Synergistic activation of retinoic acid (RA)-responsive genes and induction of embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation by an RA receptor alpha (RAR alpha)-, RAR beta-, or RAR gamma-selective ligand in combination with a retinoid X receptor-specific ligand.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (12), 6481-6487 (1995).</li><li>Hamada-Kanazawa, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sox6+overexpression+causes+cellular+aggregation+and+the+neuronal+differentiation+of+P19+embryonic+carcinoma+cells+in+the+absence+of+retinoic+acid.">Sox6 overexpression causes cellular aggregation and the neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells in the absence of retinoic acid.</a> FEBS Letters. 560 (1-3), 192-198 (2004).</li><li>Tangsaengvit, N., Kitphati, W., Tadtong, S., Bunyapraphatsara, N., Nukoolkarn, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurite+Outgrowth+and+Neuroprotective+Effects+of+Quercetin+from+Caesalpinia+mimosoides+Lamk+on+Cultured+P19-Derived+Neurons.">Neurite Outgrowth and Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin from Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk on Cultured P19-Derived Neurons.</a> Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative. , 838051 (2013).</li><li>Magnuson, D. S., Morassutti, D. J., McBurney, M. W., Marshall, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurons+derived+from+P19+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+develop+responses+to+excitatory+and+inhibitory+neurotransmitters.">Neurons derived from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells develop responses to excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.</a> Developmental Brain Research. 90 (1-2), 141-150 (1995).</li><li>MacPherson, P., Jones, S., Pawson, P., Marshall, K., McBurney, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P19+cells+differentiate+into+glutamatergic+and+glutamate-responsive+neurons+in+vitro.">P19 cells differentiate into glutamatergic and glutamate-responsive neurons in vitro.</a> Neuroscience. 80 (2), 487-499 (1997).</li><li>Hong, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methyltransferase-inhibition+interferes+with+neuronal+differentiation+of+P19+embryonal+carcinoma+cells.">Methyltransferase-inhibition interferes with neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.</a> Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 377 (3), 935-940 (2008).</li><li>Wenzel, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+classic+nuclear+localization+signal+at+the+N+terminus+that+regulates+the+subcellular+localization+of+Rbfox2+isoforms+during+differentiation+of+NMuMG+and+P19+cells.">Identification of a classic nuclear localization signal at the N terminus that regulates the subcellular localization of Rbfox2 isoforms during differentiation of NMuMG and P19 cells.</a> FEBS Letters. 590 (24), 4453-4460 (2016).</li><li>Harada, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overexpression+of+Cathepsin+E+Interferes+with+Neuronal+Differentiation+of+P19+Embryonal+Teratocarcinoma+Cells+by+Degradation+of+N-cadherin.">Overexpression of Cathepsin E Interferes with Neuronal Differentiation of P19 Embryonal Teratocarcinoma Cells by Degradation of N-cadherin.</a> Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 37 (3), 437-443 (2017).</li><li>Morassutti, D. J., Staines, W. A., Magnuson, D. S., Marshall, K. C., McBurney, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+embryonal+carcinoma-derived+neurons+survive+and+mature+following+transplantation+into+adult+rat+striatum.">Murine embryonal carcinoma-derived neurons survive and mature following transplantation into adult rat striatum.</a> Neuroscience. 58 (4), 753-763 (1994).</li><li>Magnuson, D. S., Morassutti, D. J., Staines, W. A., McBurney, M. W., Marshall, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+electrophysiological+maturation+of+neurons+derived+from+a+multipotent+precursor+(embryonal+carcinoma)+cell+line.">In vivo electrophysiological maturation of neurons derived from a multipotent precursor (embryonal carcinoma) cell line.</a> Developmental Brain Research. 84 (1), 130-141 (1995).</li></ol>

在这里,我们描述了使用P19细胞系的神经发生的简单方案。虽然在这方面已经发表了许多报告,但使用P19细胞系进行神经发生诱导的详细方法仍不清楚。此外,我们在整个实验中使用了简单的高葡萄糖(4,500mg/L)DMEM培养基,10%FBS。这使我们能够以用户友好的方式进行神经生成实验,并在未来扩展此方法的使用范围。
该协议中最重要的点是RA浓度以及在悬浮培养液中生成细胞聚集。P19细?...

在胚胎发育过程中,单个细胞层被转化为三个独立的生殖层1,2,3。为了增加在体内发生的现象的研究可能性,已经开发出三维聚集物(胚胎体)作为一种方便的模型。以这种方式形成的细胞聚集体可以暴露在各种导致细胞分化的条件下,这反映了胚胎4、5的发育。P19鼠胚胎癌细胞系(P19细胞系)常用作体外神经发生研究的细胞模型6、7、8。P19细胞系具有典型的多能干细胞特征,在细胞聚集过程中,在视黄酸(RA)存在的情况下可以分化成神经元,随后在粘附条件下生长出神经质。此外,未分化的P19细胞系还能够在二甲基硫酸盐(DMSO)9、10、11、12的影响下形成肌肉和心肌细胞样细胞。
许多方法13,14,15,16已经报告神经元分化,但方法有时很复杂,不容易掌握,只有阅读描述。例如,协议有时需要结合Dulbeco的改性鹰介质(DMEM)介质,辅以小牛血清(CS)和胎儿牛血清(FBS)13的混合物。此外,用于神经元发育的介质通常由神经巴沙和B27补充剂13,14,15,16组成。因此,现有方法在准备时包含复杂性,我们在此的目标是简化协议。在这项研究中,我们证明了使用FBS的DMEM可用于维持P19细胞系(DMEM = 10%FBS)以及神经元发育(DMEM = 5%FBS + RA)。这种使用P19细胞系的神经发生简化方法使我们能够研究神经元如何发育的分子机制。此外,对神经退行性疾病(如阿尔茨海默氏病)的研究也使用P19细胞系17,18进行,我们相信,本研究中开发的方法将起到阐明神经发育异常和神经退行性疾病的分子机制。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:819px;" width="818">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">6x DNA Loading Dye</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">EURx</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E0260-01</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A9539</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">cDNA synthesis kit</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">EURx</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E0801-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:347px;">DAPI (4&#8242;,6-Diamidine-2&#8242;-phenylindole dihydrochloride)</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">10236276001</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Working concentration: 1 &#956;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="138">
			<td height="138" style="height:138px;width:347px;">DMEM high glucose (4.5 g/L) with L-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">BE12-604Q</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Ethanol 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Chempur</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">CHEM*613964202</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">EURx</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E5050-03</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:347px;">MAP2 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">PA517646</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Dilution 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">PCR reaction kit</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">EURx</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E0411-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin 10K/10K</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">DE17-602E</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:347px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), 1x concentrated without Ca2+, Mg2+</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">BE17- 517Q</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:347px;">Retinoic acid</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">R2625-50MG</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">&#160;dissolved in 99.8% ethanol; store in -20 &#176;C up to 6 months</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:347px;">Secondary Antibody (Alexa Fluor 488)</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A11034</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Dilution 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Skim milk</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">1153630500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:347px;">TBE Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">B52</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Triton-X 100</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">T8787-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:347px;">Trypsin 0.25% - EDTA in HBSS, without&#160; Ca2+, Mg2+,with Phenol Red</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">biosera</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">LM-T1720/500</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:347px;">Cell Culture Plastics</td>
			<td style="width:103px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">1 mL Serological Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Profilab</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">515.01</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">10 mL Serological Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Profilab</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">515.10</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">100 mm dish dedicated for suspension culture</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">C351029</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">15 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">CLS430791-500EA</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">5 mL Serological Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Profilab</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">515.05</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:347px;">6-well plate</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">CLS3516</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:347px;">Cell culture flasks, surface area 25 cm2</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">CLS430639-200EA</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

neurogenesis using p19 embryonal carcinoma cells

从小鼠胚胎衍生的畸虫瘤衍生的P19细胞系具有分化成三个生殖层的能力。在视黄酸(RA)的存在下,悬浮培养的P19细胞系被诱导分化成神经元。这种现象作为体外神经发生模型被广泛研究。因此,P19细胞系对于与神经发生相关的分子和细胞研究非常有用。然而,文献中描述的P19细胞系神经元分化方案非常复杂。本研究开发的方法简单,对阐明神经发育异常和神经退行性疾病的分子机制起到一定的作用。

图1给出了P19细胞系神经发生诱导方案的简化方案。为了在未分化状态和神经发生期间定义P19细胞系的特征,采用了RT-PCR(逆转录-聚合酶链反应)方法。未分化的P19细胞系表示多能基因,如有机阳离子/肉碱转运体4(Oct4)和Nanog主源盒(Nanog)。在RA存在的情况下,悬浮培养细胞聚集引起的神经发生导致Oct4和Nanog表达的迅速减少。相反,神?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neurogenesis Using P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells at JoVE.com

Neurogenesis Using P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells

P19小鼠胚胎癌细胞系(P19细胞系)与体内分析相比,广泛用于神经发生分子机制的研究,具有极大的简化性。在这里,我们提出了P19细胞系中视黄酸引起的神经发生方案。

使用P19胚胎癌细胞的神经发生

The P19 cell line derived from a mouse embryo-derived teratocarcinoma has the ability to differentiate into the three germ layers. In the presence of ...

P19细胞系已知分化成神经元。然而，P19细胞系神经元分化的协议有时很复杂。这种方法使我们能够以用户友好的方式进行神经基因实验，并扩大未来使用P19细胞系的可能性。首先，保持P19细胞在维持介质，包括DMEM，与4.5克每升葡萄糖，辅以10%胎儿牛血清，100单位每毫升青霉素，和100单位每毫升链霉素。在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳环境中孵育细胞培养，直到细胞约80%汇合。从细胞培养瓶中去除所花的培养基，用两毫升钙和无镁的PBS清洗细胞。加入一毫升0.25%的三辛-EDTA，完全覆盖细胞的单层，在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳下孵育2至3分钟。在显微镜下，检查是否所有细胞都分离。将细胞重新用9毫升的维持介质中重新暂停，以中和尝试素。将细胞转移到15毫升管中，在200倍G和室温下离心5分钟，对细胞进行颗粒。然后，吸上一道，而不干扰颗粒。将颗粒重新用 10 毫升的新鲜维护介质中重新供应，并使用细胞计数器根据制造商的说明确定细胞号。在一个新的T-25烧瓶中每平方厘米播种2万个细胞，并加起来有10毫升的维持介质。在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳下孵育两到三天。要开始尝试性消化，首先慢慢吸上先机，用两毫升钙和无镁PBS清洗细胞。然后，在细胞中加入一毫升0.25%的三丁辛EDTA，在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳下孵育，两到三分钟。孵育后，为了中和胰蛋白石，在9毫升的分化介质中重新释放细胞，由高血糖水平的DMEM组成，并辅以5%的胎儿牛血清、每毫升青霉素100个单位和每毫升链霉素100个单位。将细胞转移到15毫升管中，在200倍G和室温下离心5分钟，对细胞进行颗粒。然后，慢慢吸气上一个液，并在一毫升新鲜分化介质中重新暂停颗粒，无需RA。使用单元格计数器根据制造商的说明确定单元格编号。对于聚合生成，首先添加 10 毫升的分化介质，并辅以 5 微升的 RA 到 100 毫升、未处理的培养皿中。在培养皿中播种100万个细胞，在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳下孵育两天，以促进聚集的形成。孵育后，用10毫升移液器，吸出含有集料的介质，并在室温下将其转移到15毫升管中。等待 1.5 分钟，让聚合在底部稳定，然后丢弃上清液。加入10毫升新鲜分化介质，辅以0.5微摩尔RA。在100毫米的未处理培养皿中轻轻播种，并在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳下孵育两天。首先，使用10毫升移液器将细胞聚集转移到15毫升管中。在室温下等待 1.5 分钟，让集料在底部沉淀，然后丢弃上清液。用血清和不含抗生素的DMEM清洗集料。等待细胞聚合在底部稳定，丢弃上清液，并添加两毫升 0.25% trypsin EDTA。在37摄氏度的水浴中孵育管子10分钟，每两分钟敲击一次，使细胞保持悬浮状态。然后，添加四毫升的维护介质，以阻止尝试性活性，使用一毫升移液器上下移液器 20 次。最后，在200倍G和室温下将细胞离心5分钟。取出上一提液，将细胞颗粒重新在五毫升的维护介质中。使用单元格计数器确定单元格编号，然后继续电镀单元格。板细胞，首先向六井培养板中每井添加三毫升的维护介质。然后，以每井50万的密度播种细胞。在37摄氏度和5%的二氧化碳下孵育板。将盖上眼镜上的细胞播种在六井培养板中。当它们达到20%汇合时，使用抗 MAP2 抗体进行免疫抑制。然后，分离RNA，并执行逆转录PCR的 MAP2，NueN，OCT4，NANOG 和 GAPDH。本研究介绍了一种简化的神经元分化方法。P19细胞系在未处理的培养皿中培养，具有 5%FBS 和 0.5 微摩尔 RA。四天后，细胞聚合与尝试性分离，并在未来四天内在粘附细胞培养板上播种。通过比较P19细胞系在无分化状态和神经生成期间对P19细胞系的RTPCR分析，计算了该方法的效率。结果表明，10月4日、NANOG等多能基因的表达迅速减少，MAP2和Nein等神经性标记基因的调节作用迅速加快。我们相信，本研究中开发的方法很简单，在阐明神经生成以及神经退行性疾病的分子机制方面将起到一些作用。

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Organotypic Slice Cultures for Studies of Postnatal Neurogenesis

器官切片文化为产后神经再生的研究

Here we describe a technique for studying hippocampal postnatal neurogenesis in the rodent brain using the organotypic slice culture technique. This ...

科研

发育生物学

Tracking Cells in GFP-transgenic Zebrafish Using the Photoconvertible PSmOrange System

在GFP-转基因斑马鱼使用Photoconvertible PSmOrange系统追踪单元

The rapid development of transparent zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in combination with fluorescent labelings of cells and tissues allows visualizing ...

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

从小鼠羊水细胞多能干细胞使用转座子系统的生产

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from mouse and human somatic cells by forced expression of defined transcription factors using ...

Acute and Chronic Models of Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish: A Method to Assess the Impact of Hyperglycemia on Neurogenesis and the Biodistribution of Radiolabeled Molecules

斑马鱼高血糖的急性和慢性模型：评估高血糖对神经发生的影响和放射性标记的分子的生物分布的方法

Hyperglycemia is a major health issue that leads to cardiovascular and cerebral dysfunction. For instance, it is associated with increased neurological ...

Horizontal Whole Mount: A Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Thick, Three-dimensional Tissue Cross-sections of Skin

水平整体安装：厚三维组织横截面皮肤的新型加工和成像方案

Processing a tissue of interest to generate a microscopic image that supports a scientific argument can be challenging. The acquisition of high-quality ...

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

活完好斑马鱼的单细胞 Photoconversion

Animal and plant tissue is composed of distinct populations of cells. These cells interact over time to build and maintain the tissue and can cause ...

Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies

Pax7 和层粘连蛋白抗体免疫荧光法鉴定骨骼肌卫星细胞

Immunofluorescence is an effective method that helps to identify different cell types on tissue sections. In order to study the desired cell population, ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

秀丽线虫生殖的计算分析研究细胞核、蛋白质和细胞骨架的分布

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

人诱导多能干细胞体外生成体细胞衍生物的研究

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Damage

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

评估原小鼠眼部表面细胞/干细胞对紫外线-C （UV-C） 损伤的反应

The ocular surface is subjected to regular wear and tear due to various environmental factors. Exposure to UV-C radiation constitutes an occupational ...