Name: neurogenesis using p19 embryonal carcinoma cells
Uploaded: 2019-04-27T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neurogenesis Using P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells at JoVE.com

Undersøgelsen blev finansielt støttet af National Science Centre, Polen (Grant nr. UMO-2017/25/N/NZ3/01886) og KNOW (førende nationale Forskningscenter) videnskabeligt konsortium "sunde dyr-sikre fødevarer", afgørelse fra ministeriet for videnskab og videregående uddannelse nr. 05-1/KNOW2/2015

1. vedligeholdelse af kulturen
<ol><li>Kultur den P19 cellelinje i vedligeholdelses medium (Dulbecco's modificerede Eagle's medium med 4.500 mg/L glucose suppleret med 10% FBS, 100 enheder/mL penicillin og 100 enheder/mL streptomycin). Inkubere ved 37 °C og 5% CO2.</li>
</ol>2. sub-culturing celler
<ol><li>Når cellerne når op på ca. 80% sammenløbet, fjernes det brugte medium fra cellekultur kolberne (overfladeareal 25 cm2).</li>
	<li>Cellerne vaskes med 2 mL phosphat...

<ol>
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V., Dutton, J. R., Slack, J. M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Loss+of+Oct4+expression+during+the+development+of+murine+embryoid+bodies.">Loss of Oct4 expression during the development of murine embryoid bodies.</a> Developmental Biology. 371 (2), 170-179 (2012).</li><li>ten Berge, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt+Signaling+Mediates+Self-Organization+and+Axis+Formation+in+Embryoid+Bodies.">Wnt Signaling Mediates Self-Organization and Axis Formation in Embryoid Bodies.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3 (5), 508-518 (2008).</li><li>Bain, G., Ray, W. J., Yao, M., Gottlieb, D. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+to+neurons:+the+P19+pathway.">From embryonal carcinoma cells to neurons: the P19 pathway.</a> Bioessays. 16 (5), 343-348 (1994).</li><li>Lin, Y. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=YAP+regulates+neuronal+differentiation+through+Sonic+hedgehog+signaling+pathway.">YAP regulates neuronal differentiation through Sonic hedgehog signaling pathway.</a> Experimental Cell Research. 318 (15), 1877-1888 (2012).</li><li>Neo, W. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MicroRNA+miR-124+controls+the+choice+between+neuronal+and+astrocyte+differentiation+by+fine-tuning+Ezh2+expression.">MicroRNA miR-124 controls the choice between neuronal and astrocyte differentiation by fine-tuning Ezh2 expression.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289 (30), 20788-20801 (2014).</li><li>Jones-Villeneuve, E., McBurney, M. W., Rogers, K. A., Kalnins, V. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinoic+acid+induces+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+to+differentiate+into+neurons+and+glial+cells.">Retinoic acid induces embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into neurons and glial cells.</a> The Journal of Cell Biology. 94 (2), 253-262 (1982).</li><li>McBurney, M. W., Rogers, B. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+male+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+and+their+chromosome+replication+patterns.">Isolation of male embryonal carcinoma cells and their chromosome replication patterns.</a> Developmental Biology. 89 (2), 503-508 (1982).</li><li>Jones-Villeneuve, E., Rudnicki, M. A., Harris, J. F., McBurney, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinoic+acid-induced+neural+differentiation+of+embryonal+carcinoma+cells.">Retinoic acid-induced neural differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 3 (12), 2271-2279 (1983).</li><li>Jasmin, D. C., Spray, A. C., Campos de Carvalho, R., Mendez-Otero, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+induction+of+cardiac+differentiation+in+P19+embryonal+carcinoma+stem+cells.">Chemical induction of cardiac differentiation in P19 embryonal carcinoma stem cells.</a> Stem Cells and Development. 19 (3), 403-412 (2010).</li><li>Solari, M., Paquin, J., Ducharme, P., Boily, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P19+neuronal+differentiation+and+retinoic+acid+metabolism+as+criteria+to+investigate+atrazine,+nitrite,+and+nitrate+developmental+toxicity.">P19 neuronal differentiation and retinoic acid metabolism as criteria to investigate atrazine, nitrite, and nitrate developmental toxicity.</a> Toxicological Sciences. 113 (1), 116-126 (2010).</li><li>Babuska, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+P19+cells+during+retinoic+acid+induced+differentiation.">Characterization of P19 cells during retinoic acid induced differentiation.</a> Prague Medical Report. 111 (4), 289-299 (2010).</li><li>Monzo, H. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+generating+high-yield+enriched+neuronal+cultures+from+P19+embryonal+carcinoma+cells.">A method for generating high-yield enriched neuronal cultures from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.</a> Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 204 (1), 87-103 (2012).</li><li>Popova, D., Karlsson, J., Jacobsson, S. O. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+neurons+derived+from+mouse+P19,+rat+PC12+and+human+SH-SY5Y+cells+in+the+assessment+of+chemical-+and+toxin-induced+neurotoxicity.">Comparison of neurons derived from mouse P19, rat PC12 and human SH-SY5Y cells in the assessment of chemical- and toxin-induced neurotoxicity.</a> BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 18 (1), 42 (2017).</li><li>Woodgate, A., MacGibbon, G., Walton, M., Dragunow, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+toxicity+of+6-hydroxydopamine+on+PC12+and+P19+cells.">The toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine on PC12 and P19 cells.</a> Molecular Brain Research. 69 (1), 84-92 (1999).</li><li>Tsukane, M., Yamauchi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent+protein+kinase+II+mediates+apoptosis+of+P19+cells+expressing+human+tau+during+neural+differentiation+with+retinoic+acid+treatment.">Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mediates apoptosis of P19 cells expressing human tau during neural differentiation with retinoic acid treatment.</a> Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry. 24 (2), 365-371 (2009).</li><li>Adler, S., Pellizzer, C., Paparella, M., Hartung, T., Bremer, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+solvents+on+embryonic+stem+cell+differentiation.">The effects of solvents on embryonic stem cell differentiation.</a> Toxicology in Vitro. 20 (3), 265-271 (2006).</li><li>Jones-Villeneuve, E. M., McBurney, M. W., Rogers, K. A., Kalnins, V. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinoic+acid+induces+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+to+differentiate+into+neurons+and+glial+cells.">Retinoic acid induces embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into neurons and glial cells.</a> The Journal of Cell Biology. 94 (2), 253-262 (1982).</li><li>Roy, B., Taneja, R., Chambon, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergistic+activation+of+retinoic+acid+(RA)-responsive+genes+and+induction+of+embryonal+carcinoma+cell+differentiation+by+an+RA+receptor+alpha+(RAR+alpha)-,+RAR+beta-,+or+RAR+gamma-selective+ligand+in+combination+with+a+retinoid+X+receptor-specific+ligand.">Synergistic activation of retinoic acid (RA)-responsive genes and induction of embryonal carcinoma cell differentiation by an RA receptor alpha (RAR alpha)-, RAR beta-, or RAR gamma-selective ligand in combination with a retinoid X receptor-specific ligand.</a> Molecular and Cellular Biology. 15 (12), 6481-6487 (1995).</li><li>Hamada-Kanazawa, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sox6+overexpression+causes+cellular+aggregation+and+the+neuronal+differentiation+of+P19+embryonic+carcinoma+cells+in+the+absence+of+retinoic+acid.">Sox6 overexpression causes cellular aggregation and the neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells in the absence of retinoic acid.</a> FEBS Letters. 560 (1-3), 192-198 (2004).</li><li>Tangsaengvit, N., Kitphati, W., Tadtong, S., Bunyapraphatsara, N., Nukoolkarn, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurite+Outgrowth+and+Neuroprotective+Effects+of+Quercetin+from+Caesalpinia+mimosoides+Lamk+on+Cultured+P19-Derived+Neurons.">Neurite Outgrowth and Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin from Caesalpinia mimosoides Lamk on Cultured P19-Derived Neurons.</a> Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative. , 838051 (2013).</li><li>Magnuson, D. S., Morassutti, D. J., McBurney, M. W., Marshall, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurons+derived+from+P19+embryonal+carcinoma+cells+develop+responses+to+excitatory+and+inhibitory+neurotransmitters.">Neurons derived from P19 embryonal carcinoma cells develop responses to excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters.</a> Developmental Brain Research. 90 (1-2), 141-150 (1995).</li><li>MacPherson, P., Jones, S., Pawson, P., Marshall, K., McBurney, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=P19+cells+differentiate+into+glutamatergic+and+glutamate-responsive+neurons+in+vitro.">P19 cells differentiate into glutamatergic and glutamate-responsive neurons in vitro.</a> Neuroscience. 80 (2), 487-499 (1997).</li><li>Hong, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methyltransferase-inhibition+interferes+with+neuronal+differentiation+of+P19+embryonal+carcinoma+cells.">Methyltransferase-inhibition interferes with neuronal differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells.</a> Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 377 (3), 935-940 (2008).</li><li>Wenzel, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+classic+nuclear+localization+signal+at+the+N+terminus+that+regulates+the+subcellular+localization+of+Rbfox2+isoforms+during+differentiation+of+NMuMG+and+P19+cells.">Identification of a classic nuclear localization signal at the N terminus that regulates the subcellular localization of Rbfox2 isoforms during differentiation of NMuMG and P19 cells.</a> FEBS Letters. 590 (24), 4453-4460 (2016).</li><li>Harada, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overexpression+of+Cathepsin+E+Interferes+with+Neuronal+Differentiation+of+P19+Embryonal+Teratocarcinoma+Cells+by+Degradation+of+N-cadherin.">Overexpression of Cathepsin E Interferes with Neuronal Differentiation of P19 Embryonal Teratocarcinoma Cells by Degradation of N-cadherin.</a> Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology. 37 (3), 437-443 (2017).</li><li>Morassutti, D. J., Staines, W. A., Magnuson, D. S., Marshall, K. C., McBurney, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+embryonal+carcinoma-derived+neurons+survive+and+mature+following+transplantation+into+adult+rat+striatum.">Murine embryonal carcinoma-derived neurons survive and mature following transplantation into adult rat striatum.</a> Neuroscience. 58 (4), 753-763 (1994).</li><li>Magnuson, D. S., Morassutti, D. J., Staines, W. A., McBurney, M. W., Marshall, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+electrophysiological+maturation+of+neurons+derived+from+a+multipotent+precursor+(embryonal+carcinoma)+cell+line.">In vivo electrophysiological maturation of neurons derived from a multipotent precursor (embryonal carcinoma) cell line.</a> Developmental Brain Research. 84 (1), 130-141 (1995).</li></ol>

Her beskriver vi en simpel protokol for neurogenese ved hjælp af P19 Cell line. Selv om mange rapporter er blevet offentliggjort i denne henseende, en detaljeret metodologi for Neuro Genesis induktion ved hjælp af P19 cellelinje forbliver uklar. Desuden har vi udnyttet en simpel høj glukose (4.500 mg/L) DMEM medium med 10% FBS for hele eksperimentet. Dette tillod os at udføre den neurogene eksperiment i en brugervenlig måde og udvide brugen af denne metode for fremtiden.
De mest kritiske ...

Under embryonal udvikling omdannes et enkelt celle lag til tre forskellige kimlag1,2,3. For at øge forskningsmulighederne for fænomener, der forekommer in vivo, er generering af tredimensionale aggregater (embryonale organer) blevet udviklet som en bekvem model. Cellulære aggregater dannet på denne måde kan blive udsat for forskellige betingelser, der forårsager Celledifferentiering, som afspejler udviklingen af embryonet4,5. Den P19 murine embryonale karcinom cellelinje (P19 cellelinje) er almindeligt anvendt som en cellulær model for Neuro Genesis undersøgelser in vitro6,7,8. Den P19 cellelinje udviser typiske pluripotente stamcelle funktioner og kan differentiere sig til neuroner i nærværelse af retinsyre (RA) under celle sammenlægning efterfulgt af neurite udvækst under vedtagtige betingelser. Desuden, den udifferentierede P19 cellelinje er også i stand til at danne muskler-og kardiomyocyte-lignende celler under påvirkning af dimethylsulfoxid (DMSO)9,10,11,12.
Mange metoder13,14,15,16 er blevet rapporteret for neuronal differentiering, men metoden er undertiden kompliceret og ikke let at forstå ved kun at læse beskrivelserne. For eksempel kræver protokoller nogle gange en kombination af Dulbecco's modificerede Eagle medium (DMEM) medium suppleret med en blanding af kalveserum (CS) og føtal bovint serum (FBS)13. Desuden, medier, der anvendes til neuronal udvikling er ofte sammensat af neurobasal og B27 kosttilskud13,14,15,16. Som sådan, eksisterende metoder indeholder kompleksitet i deres forberedelse og vores mål her er at forenkle protokollerne. I denne undersøgelse, vi viste, at DMEM med FBS kan udnyttes til at opretholde P19 cellelinje (DMEM + 10% FBS) samt for neuronal udvikling (DMEM + 5% FBS + RA). Denne forenklede metode til neurogenese ved hjælp af P19 cellelinje giver os mulighed for at studere den molekylære mekanisme af, hvordan neuroner er udviklet. Desuden er forskning i neurodegenerative sygdomme som Alzheimers sygdom også gennemført ved hjælp af P19 cellelinje17,18, og vi mener, at den metode, der er udviklet i denne undersøgelse vil spille en rolle i at belyse molekylære mekanismer i neuroudviklingsmæssige abnormiteter og neurodegenerative sygdomme.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="width:819px;" width="818">
	<colgroup>
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		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">6x DNA Loading Dye</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">EURx</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E0260-01</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A9539</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">cDNA synthesis kit</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">EURx</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E0801-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:347px;">DAPI (4&#8242;,6-Diamidine-2&#8242;-phenylindole dihydrochloride)</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">10236276001</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Working concentration: 1 &#956;g/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="138">
			<td height="138" style="height:138px;width:347px;">DMEM high glucose (4.5 g/L) with L-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">BE12-604Q</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Ethanol 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Chempur</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">CHEM*613964202</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">EURx</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E5050-03</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:347px;">MAP2 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">PA517646</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Dilution 1:100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">PCR reaction kit</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">EURx</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E0411-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin 10K/10K</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">DE17-602E</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:347px;">Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS), 1x concentrated without Ca2+, Mg2+</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">BE17- 517Q</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:347px;">Retinoic acid</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">R2625-50MG</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">&#160;dissolved in 99.8% ethanol; store in -20 &#176;C up to 6 months</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:347px;">Secondary Antibody (Alexa Fluor 488)</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A11034</td>
			<td style="width:215px;">Dilution 1:500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Skim milk</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">1153630500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:347px;">TBE Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">B52</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Triton-X 100</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">T8787-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49">
			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:347px;">Trypsin 0.25% - EDTA in HBSS, without&#160; Ca2+, Mg2+,with Phenol Red</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">biosera</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">LM-T1720/500</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:347px;">Cell Culture Plastics</td>
			<td style="width:103px;"></td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">1 mL Serological Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Profilab</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">515.01</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">10 mL Serological Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Profilab</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">515.10</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">100 mm dish dedicated for suspension culture</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">C351029</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">15 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">CLS430791-500EA</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">5 mL Serological Pipettes</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Profilab</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">515.05</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:347px;">6-well plate</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">CLS3516</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:347px;">Cell culture flasks, surface area 25 cm2</td>
			<td style="width:103px;">Sigma- Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">CLS430639-200EA</td>
			<td style="width:215px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

neurogenesis using p19 embryonal carcinoma cells

Den P19 cellelinje afledt af en mus embryo-afledte teratocarcinoma har evnen til at differentiere sig i de tre kimlag. I nærværelse af retinsyre (RA), affjedring kultiveret P19 cellelinje er induceret til at differentiere sig til neuroner. Dette fænomen er grundigt undersøgt som en Neuro Genesis model in vitro. Derfor, den P19 cellelinje er meget nyttigt for molekylære og cellulære undersøgelser forbundet med Neurogenesis. Men, protokoller for neuronal differentiering af P19 cellelinje, der er beskrevet i litteraturen er meget komplekse. Den metode, der er udviklet i denne undersøgelse er enkel og vil spille en rolle i belyse de molekylære mekanismer i neuroudviklingsmæssige abnormiteter og neurodegenerative sygdomme.

Den forenklede ordning for protokol for Neuro Genesis induktion i P19 cellelinje er præsenteret i figur 1. For at definere karakteren af den P19 cellelinje i en udifferentieret tilstand og under Neurogenesis, blev RT-PCR (reverse transkription-polymerase kædereaktion) metoden anvendt. Den udifferentierede P19 cellelinje udtrykte pluripotens gener såsom organisk kation/carnitin transporter4 (Oct4) og nanog homeobox (nanog). Neurogenese ind...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neurogenesis Using P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells at JoVE.com

Neurogenesis Using P19 Embryonal Carcinoma Cells

Den P19 mus embryonale karcinom cellelinje (P19 cellelinje) er almindeligt anvendt til at studere den molekylære mekanisme af neurogenese med stor forenkling i forhold til in vivo-analyse. Her præsenterer vi en protokol for retinoinsyre-induceret neurogenese i P19 cellelinje.

Neurogenese ved hjælp af P19 embryonal carcinoma celler

The P19 cell line derived from a mouse embryo-derived teratocarcinoma has the ability to differentiate into the three germ layers. In the presence of ...

P19 celle linje er kendt for at differentiere i neuroner. Men, protokol for neuron differentiering af P19 celle linje er undertiden kompliceret. Denne metode giver os mulighed for at udføre det neurogene eksperiment på en brugervenlig måde og udvide muligheden for brugen af P19 cellelinje for fremtiden.Til at begynde, opretholde P19 celler i vedligeholdelse medium, bestående af DMEM, med 4,5 gram per liter glukose, suppleret med 10% føtal kvæg serum, 100 enheder pr milliliter penicillin, og 100 enheder pr milliliter streptomycin. Inkuber cellekulturen i et 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid miljø, indtil cellerne er ca 80% sammenløbet. Fjern det brugte medium fra cellekulturkolben, og vask cellerne med to milliliter calcium og magnesiumfri PBS.Tilføj en milliliter 0,25% trypsin-EDTA til helt at dække monolag af cellerne og inkubere ved 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid i to til tre minutter. Under et mikroskop skal du kontrollere, om alle cellerne er afmonteret. Resuspend cellerne i ni milliliter vedligeholdelse medium for at neutralisere trypsin.Cellerne overføres til et 15-milliliterrør og centrifugeres ved 200 gange G og stuetemperatur i fem minutter for at pelletere cellerne. Derefter aspirere supernatant uden at forstyrre pellet. Opsplit pellet i 10 milliliter frisk vedligeholdelse medium og bruge en celle tæller til at bestemme cellenummeret i henhold til producentens anvisninger.Frø 20, 000 celler per kvadratcentimeter i en ny T-25 kolbe og tilsæt op til 10 milliliter vedligeholdelse medium. Inkubere ved 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid i to til tre dage. Til at begynde trypsin fordøjelsen, først langsomt aspirere supernatant og vaske cellerne med to milliliter calcium og magnesium-fri PBS.Derefter tilsættes en milliliter på 0,25% trypsin EDTA til cellerne og inkubere dem ved 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid i to til tre minutter. Efter inkubationen, for at neutralisere trypsin, resuspenderede cellerne i ni milliliter differentiering medium, bestående af DMEM med højt glukoseniveau og suppleret med 5% føtal kvæg serum, 100 enheder pr milliliter penicillin, og 100 enheder pr milliliter streptomycin. Cellerne overføres til et 15-milliliterrør og centrifugeres ved 200 gange G og stuetemperatur i fem minutter for at pelletere cellerne.Derefter langsomt aspirere supernatant og resuspend pellet i en milliliter frisk differentiering medium uden RA. Brug en celletæller til at bestemme cellenummeret i henhold til producentens anvisninger. For samlet generation skal du starte med at tilføje 10 milliliter differentieringsmedium suppleret med fem mikroliter af RA til en 100 milliliter, ikke-behandlet dyrkningsskål. Frø en million celler i kulturen parabol og inkubere ved 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid i to dage for at fremme den samlede dannelse.Efter inkubationen, med en 10-milliliter pipette, aspirere mediet indeholder aggregater og overføre det til en 15-milliliter rør ved stuetemperatur. Vent i 1,5 minutter for aggregater at bosætte sig i bunden og derefter kassere supernatant. Der tilsættes 10 milliliter frisk differentieringsmedium suppleret med 0,5 mikromolar RA. Frø forsigtigt aggregaterne i en ny 100-millimeter, ikke-behandlet kulturskål og inkuberes ved 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid i to dage.Til at begynde, skal du bruge en 10-milliliter pipette til at overføre cellen aggregater til en 15-milliliter rør. Vent i 1,5 minutter ved stuetemperatur for aggregater til at bosætte sig i bunden og derefter kassere supernatant. Vask aggregaterne med serum og antibiotikafri DMEM.Vent på celle aggregater til at bosætte sig i bunden, kassere supernatant, og tilsæt to milliliter 0,25% trypsin EDTA. Inkuber røret i et vandbad ved 37 grader Celsius i 10 minutter, trykke hvert andet minut for at holde cellerne i suspension. Derefter tilsættes fire milliliter vedligeholdelsesmedium for at stoppe trypsinaktiviteten og pipette op og ned 20 gange ved hjælp af en en milliliterpipette.Endelig centrifuge cellerne ved 200 gange G og stuetemperatur i fem minutter. Fjern supernatanten og opsplit cellepellet i fem milliliter vedligeholdelsesmedium. Brug en celletæller til at bestemme cellenummeret og fortsætte med at grundfælde cellerne.Til pladeceller, først tilføje tre milliliter pr brønd af vedligeholdelse medium til en seks-brønd kultur plade. Derefter frø cellerne på en tæthed på 500, 000 per brønd. Inkuber pladen ved 37 grader Celsius og 5% kuldioxid.Frø cellerne på dækglas i en seks-brønds kultur plade. Når de når 20%sammenløb, gå videre til immunostaining med Anti-MAP2 antistof. Derefter isolere RNA, og udføre omvendt transskription PCR for MAP2, NueN, OCT4, NANOG, og en GAPDH.I denne undersøgelse introduceres en forenklet metode til neuronal differentiering. P19-cellelinjen dyrkes i en ikke-behandlet dyrkte kulturskål med 5% FBS og 0,5 micromolar RA. Efter fire dage adskilles celleaggregeret med trypsin og såes på en klæbende cellekulturplade i de næste fire dage. Effektiviteten af denne metode evalueres ved sammenligning mellem RTPCR-analyse af P19-cellelinjen i en udifferentieret tilstand og under neurogenese.Resultaterne viser et hurtigt fald i ekspressionen af pluripotency gener, såsom Oct4 og NANOG, og opregulering af neurnomal markør gener, såsom MAP2 og NeuN. Vi mener, at den metode, der er udviklet i denne undersøgelse er enkel og vil spille en rolle i at belyse de molekylære mekanismer af neurogenese, samt neurodegenerative sygdom.

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Organotypic Slice Cultures for Studies of Postnatal Neurogenesis

Organotypiske skivekulturer for Studier af Fødselsdepression Neurogenese

Here we describe a technique for studying hippocampal postnatal neurogenesis in the rodent brain using the organotypic slice culture technique. This ...

Tracking Cells in GFP-transgenic Zebrafish Using the Photoconvertible PSmOrange System

Sporing Celler i GFP-transgene zebrafisk Brug af Photoconvertible PSmOrange System

The rapid development of transparent zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) in combination with fluorescent labelings of cells and tissues allows visualizing ...

The Production of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Amniotic Fluid Cells Using a Transposon System

Produktionen af ​​pluripotente stamceller fra mus fostervand Celler Ved hjælp af en Transposon System

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from mouse and human somatic cells by forced expression of defined transcription factors using ...

Acute and Chronic Models of Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish: A Method to Assess the Impact of Hyperglycemia on Neurogenesis and the Biodistribution of Radiolabeled Molecules

Akutte og kroniske modeller af hyperglykæmi i zebrafisk: En metode til vurdering af virkningen af ​​hyperglykæmi på neurogenese og biodistribution af radiomærkede molekyler

Hyperglycemia is a major health issue that leads to cardiovascular and cerebral dysfunction. For instance, it is associated with increased neurological ...

Horizontal Whole Mount: A Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Thick, Three-dimensional Tissue Cross-sections of Skin

Horisontal Hel Mount: En Novel Processing and Imaging Protocol for Tykke, Tredimensionale Tissue Tværsnit af Skin

Processing a tissue of interest to generate a microscopic image that supports a scientific argument can be challenging. The acquisition of high-quality ...

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

Encellede Photoconversion i levende intakt zebrafisk

Animal and plant tissue is composed of distinct populations of cells. These cells interact over time to build and maintain the tissue and can cause ...

Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies

Identifikation af skeletmuskulatur satellit celler ved immunfluorescens med Pax7 og Laminin antistoffer

Immunofluorescence is an effective method that helps to identify different cell types on tissue sections. In order to study the desired cell population, ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Beregningsmæssige analyse af Caenorhabditis elegans kønscelleoverførsel at studere Distribution kerner, proteiner og cytoskelettet

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...

In Vitro Generation of Somite Derivatives from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

I Vitro Generation af Somite derivater fra menneskelige induceret celler pluripotente stamceller

In response to signals such as WNTs, bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and sonic hedgehog (SHH) secreted from surrounding tissues, somites (SMs) give ...

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Damage

Assessment of Oxidative Damage in the Primary Mouse Ocular Surface Cells/Stem Cells in Response to Ultraviolet-C UV-C Damage

Vurdering af oxidative skader i den primære mus okulære overfladeceller / stamceller som reaktion på Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) Skader

The ocular surface is subjected to regular wear and tear due to various environmental factors. Exposure to UV-C radiation constitutes an occupational ...