Name: measurement of ultrafast vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations with strong-field adiabatic ionization
Uploaded: 2018-08-06T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af den amerikanske hær forskning Office gennem kontrakt W911NF-18-1-0051.

Bemærk: Alle kommercielt erhvervede instrumenter og dele såsom laser, vakuumpumper, kammer, time of flight tube og microchannel plade detektor var installeret og drives i henhold til producentens anvisninger eller user's manual. Laser sikkerhed goggles designet til drift laser intensitet og bølgelængde skal bæres.
1. opførelse af TOF-MS26
<ol><li>Designe og bygge en ultrahigh (UHV) vakuumkammer der har plads nok til at rumme et standard stakken af ion optik<sup ...

<ol>
	<li>Letokhov, V. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photophysics+and+Photochemistry.">Photophysics and Photochemistry.</a> Physics Today. 30 (5), 23-32 (1977).</li><li>Bloembergen, N., Yablonovitch, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Infrared+laser+induced+unimolecular+reactions.">Infrared laser induced unimolecular reactions.</a> Physics Today. 31 (5), 23-30 (1978).</li><li>Zewail, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+selective+chemistry-is+it+possible?.">Laser selective chemistry-is it possible?.</a> Physics Today. 33 (11), 25-33 (1980).</li><li>Brif, C., Chakrabarti, R. L., Rabitz, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+quantum+phenomena:+past,+present+and+future.">Control of quantum phenomena: past, present and future.</a> New Journal of Physics. 12, 075008 (2010).</li><li>Bloembergen, N., Zewail, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Energy+redistribution+and+the+question+of+mode+selective+laser+chemistry+revisited.">Energy redistribution and the question of mode selective laser chemistry revisited.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 88 (23), 5459-5465 (1984).</li><li>Rosker, M. J., Dantus, M., Zewail, A. 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S., Rabitz, H., Dahleh, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coherent+Control+of+Quantum+Dynamics:+The+Dream+Is+Alive.">Coherent Control of Quantum Dynamics: The Dream Is Alive.</a> Science. 259 (5101), 1581-1589 (2003).</li><li>Kosma, K., Trushin, S. A., Fu&#223;, W., Schmid, E. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cyclohexadiene+ring+opening+observed+with+13+fs+resolution:+coherent+oscillations+confirm+the+reaction+path.">Cyclohexadiene ring opening observed with 13 fs resolution: coherent oscillations confirm the reaction path.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 11 (1), 172-181 (2009).</li><li>De, S., Magrakvelidze, M., Bocharova, I. A., Ray, D., Cao, W., Znakovskaya, I., Li, H., Wang, Z., Laurent, G., Thumm, U., Kling, M. F., Litvinyuk, I. V., Ben-Itzhak, I., Cocke, C. 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T., Atabek, O., Keller, A., Serov, V., Johnsson, P., Swoboda, M., Remetter, T., L&#39;Huillier, A., Zherebtsov, S., Sansone, G., Benedetti, E., Ferrari, F., Nisoli, M., L&#233;pine, F., Kling, M. F., Vrakking, M. J. 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K., Ullrich, J., Moshammer, R., Kumarappan, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strong+field-induced+wave+packet+dynamics+in+carbon+dioxide+molecule.">Strong field-induced wave packet dynamics in carbon dioxide molecule.</a> Faraday Discussions. 194, 463-478 (2016).</li><li>Pearson, J. B., Nichols, S. R., Weinacht, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+fragmentation+driven+by+ultrafast+dynamic+ionic+resonances.">Molecular fragmentation driven by ultrafast dynamic ionic resonances.</a> The Journal of Chemical Physics. 127 (13), 131101 (2007).</li><li>Bohinski, T., Tibbetts, K. M., Tarazkar, M., Romanov, D. A., Matsika, S., Levis, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strong+field+adiabatic+ionization+prepares+a+launch+state+for+coherent+control.">Strong field adiabatic ionization prepares a launch state for coherent control.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 5 (24), 4305-4309 (2014).</li><li>Tibbetts, K. M., Tarazkar, M., Bohinski, T., Romanov, D. A., Matsika, S., Levis, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlling+the+dissociation+dynamics+of+acetophenone+radical+cation+through+excitation+of+ground+and+excited+state+wavepacket.">Controlling the dissociation dynamics of acetophenone radical cation through excitation of ground and excited state wavepacket.</a> The Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. 48 (16), 164002 (2015).</li><li>Ampadu Boateng, D., Gutsev, G. L., Jena, P., Tibbetts, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrafast+coherent+vibrational+dynamics+dynamics+in+dimethyl+methylphosphonate+radical+cation.">Ultrafast coherent vibrational dynamics dynamics in dimethyl methylphosphonate radical cation.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 20 (7), 4636-4640 (2018).</li><li>Ampadu Boateng, D., Gutsev, G. L., Jena, P., Tibbetts, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissociation+dynamics+of+3-+and+4-nitrotoluene+radical+cations:+Coherently+driven+C-NO2+bond+homolysis.">Dissociation dynamics of 3- and 4-nitrotoluene radical cations: Coherently driven C-NO2 bond homolysis.</a> The Journal of Chemical Physics. 148 (13), 134305 (2018).</li><li>Markevitch, A. N., Romanov, D. A., Smith, S. M., Schlegel, H. B., Ivanov, M. Y., Levis, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+non+adiabatic+excitation+of+large+molecules+and+ions+driven+by+strong+laser+fields.">Sequential non adiabatic excitation of large molecules and ions driven by strong laser fields.</a> Physical Review A. 69 (1), 013401 (2004).</li><li>Lezius, M., Blanchet, M., Rayner, D. M., Villeneuve, D. M., Stolow, A., Ivanov, M. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonadiabatic+multielectron+dynamics+in+strong+field+molecular+ionization.">Nonadiabatic multielectron dynamics in strong field molecular ionization.</a> Physical Review Letters. 86 (1), 51 (2001).</li><li>Lezius, M., Blanchet, V., Ivanov, M. Y., Stolow, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polyatomic+molecules+in+strong+laser+fields:+Nonadiabatic+multielectron+dynamics.">Polyatomic molecules in strong laser fields: Nonadiabatic multielectron dynamics.</a> The Journal of Chemical Physics. 117 (4), 1575 (2002).</li><li>Bohinski, T., Tibbetts, K. M., Tarazkar, M., Romanov, D., Matsika, S., Levis, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+an+electronic+resonance+in+a+ground-state,+gas-phase+acetophenone+cation+via+strong-field+mass+spectrometry.">Measurement of an electronic resonance in a ground-state, gas-phase acetophenone cation via strong-field mass spectrometry.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 4 (10), 1587-1591 (2013).</li><li>Bohinski, T., Tibbetts, K. M., Tarazkar, M., Romanov, D., Matsika, S., Levis, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+ionic+resonances+in+alkyl+phenyl+ketone+cations+via+infrared+strong+field+mass+spectrometry.">Measurement of ionic resonances in alkyl phenyl ketone cations via infrared strong field mass spectrometry.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 117 (47), 12374-12381 (2013).</li><li>Wiley, W. C., McLaren, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-of-Flight+Mass+Spectrometer+with+Improved+Resolution.">Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with Improved Resolution.</a> Review of Scientific Instruments. 26, 1150-1156 (1955).</li><li>Gutsev, G. L., Ampadu Boateng, D., Jena, P., Tibbetts, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Theoretical+and+Mass+Spectrometry+Study+of+Dimethyl+Methylphosphonate:+New+Isomers+and+Cation+Decay+Channels+in+a+Femtosecond+Laser+Field.">A Theoretical and Mass Spectrometry Study of Dimethyl Methylphosphonate: New Isomers and Cation Decay Channels in a Femtosecond Laser Field.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry A . 121 (44), 8414-8424 (2017).</li><li>Hankin, S. M., Villeneuve, D. M., Corkum, P. B., Rayner, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intense-field+laser+ionization+rates+in+atoms+and+molecules.">Intense-field laser ionization rates in atoms and molecules.</a> Physical Review A. 64 (1), 013405 (2001).</li><li>Amitay, Z., Zajfman, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+type+of+multiparticle+three-dimensional+imaging+detector+with+subnanosecond+time+resolution.">A new type of multiparticle three-dimensional imaging detector with subnanosecond time resolution.</a> Review of Scientific Instruments. 68 (3), 1387-1392 (1997).</li><li>Trebino, R., Kane, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+phase+retrieval+to+measure+the+intensity+and+phase+of+ultrashort+pulses:+frequency-resolved+optical+gating.">Using phase retrieval to measure the intensity and phase of ultrashort pulses: frequency-resolved optical gating.</a> Journal of the Optical Society of America A. 10 (5), 1101 (1993).</li><li>DeLong, K. W., Trebino, R., Hunter, J., White, W. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Frequency-resolved+optical+gating+with+the+use+of+second+harmonic+generation.">Frequency-resolved optical gating with the use of second harmonic generation.</a> Journal of the Optical Society of America B. 11 (11), 2206 (1994).</li><li>Trebino, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Frequency Resolved Optical Gating. , (2000).</li><li>Ruff, J. A., Siegman, A. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-pulse+laser+beam+quality+measurements+using+a+CCD+camera+system.">Single-pulse laser beam quality measurements using a CCD camera system.</a> Optics Letters. 31 (24), 4907-4909 (1992).</li><li>Trushin, S. 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Denne protokol gør det muligt for os at løse ultrahurtig vibrationelle dynamics i polyatomic radikale kationer gennem selektiv forberedelse af ioner i elektroniske grundtilstand. Mens den standard stærk felt ionisering procedure ved hjælp af 800 nm kan forberede vibrationelle sammenhænge i jorden-elektroniske stat radikale kationer i første række diatomics10,11,12,13 og CO 2 <...

Siden opfindelsen af laser i 1960-erne, har målet for selektivt at bryde kemiske bindinger i molekyler været en mangeårige drøm om kemikere og fysikere. Evnen til at tune både laser frekvens og intensitet mentes at aktivere direkte spaltning af et target bånd gennem selektiv energi absorbans ved den tilknyttede vibrationelle frekvens1,2,3,4 . Tidlige eksperimenter fandt imidlertid, at intramolekylære vibrationelle omfordeling af de absorberede energi hele molekylet ofte resulterede i non-selektive kavalergang i den svageste bond4,5. Det var ikke indtil udviklingen af femtosekund pulserende lasere og pumpe-sonde teknik6 i de sene 1980, at direkte manipulation af sammenhængende vibrationelle stater eller "wave pakker", aktiveret vellykket kontrol over bond kavalergang og andre mål6,7,8. Pumpe-sonde målinger, hvori den "pumpe" pulse forbereder en eksiteret tilstand eller ion, der er efterfølgende ophidset af en tid-forsinket "sonde" puls, er fortsat en af de mest udbredte teknikker til at studere ultrahurtig processer i molekyler9, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18, 19,20.
En væsentlig begrænsning til at studere ultrahurtig dissociation dynamikken i polyatomic radikale kationer ved hjælp af pumpe-sonde excitation kombineret med massespektrometrisk detektion udspringer af nonselective opsplitning af target molekyle af ioniserende pumpen puls ved Ti:Sapphire bølgelængde på 800 nm21,22,23. Denne overskydende fragmentering skyldes nonadiabatic multiphoton ionisering og kan mindskes ved excitation bølgelængde i nær infrarødt (fx., 1200-1500 nm)22,23,24, 25. På disse længere bølgelængder, bidrag af adiabatisk elektron tunneling stiger i forhold til multiphoton excitation i ionisering proces22,23. Adiabatisk tunneling formidler lidt overskydende energi til det molekyle og former overvejende "koldt" grundtilstand molekylære ioner19,22,23. Vores tidligere arbejde har vist, at brugen af nær-infrarødt excitation betydeligt forbedrer forberedelse af sammenhængende vibrationelle excitationer eller "wave pakker", i polyatomic radikale kationer i forhold til 800 nm excitation19, 20. Dette arbejde vil illustrere forskellen mellem stærkt felt ionisering domineret af multiphoton og tunneling bidrag med pumpe-sonde målinger på de kemisk krigsførelse agent prøvevæsken dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) ved hjælp af 1500 nm og 800 nm pumpe bølgelængder.
I vores pumpe-sonde eksperimenter er et par af ultrakorte laserpulser tid-forsinket, rekombineret og fokuseret i en time of flight massespektrometer, som vist i vores setup i figur 1. Disse eksperimenter kræver en Ti:Sapphire regenerativ forstærker producerer > 2 mJ, 800 nm, 30 fs bælgfrugter. Forstærker output er opdelt på en 90:10 (% R: %T) stråledeler, hvor det meste af energien der bruges til at pumpe en optisk parametrisk forstærker (OPA) for generation af 1200-1600 nm, 100-300 µJ, 20-30 fs pulser. IR pumpe lysbundtets diameter er udvidet til 22 mm og 800 nm sonde strålen ned-kollimeret 5,5 mm og frugten uden kernehus ved hjælp af en iris diameter. Disse collimations resultere i pumpen beam fokus til en betydeligt mindre beam talje (9 µm) end sonde beam (30 µm), hvorved det sikres, at alle ioner dannet under den ioniserende pumpe puls er ophidset af tid-forsinket sonde puls. Denne konfiguration anvendes fordi målet med vores forsøg er at sonde dynamikken af den overordnede molekylarionen, som kan dannes selv ved lavere intensitet i nærheden af kanten af den fokuseret stråle. Vi bemærke, at hvis dynamikken i flere meget ophidset ionisk arter er af interesse, så sonden lysbundtets diameter skal gøres mindre end der af pumpen.
Pumpe og sonde impulser udbreder collinearly og er fokuseret i regionen udvinding af en Wiley-McLaren time of flight massespektrometer (TOF-MS)26 (figur 2). Molekylær prøver placeret i et hætteglas er knyttet til fjorden og åbnet for vakuum. Denne installation kræver at molekylet under undersøgelsen har en ikke-snoet damptryk; for molekyler med lavt damptryk, kan af hætteglas opvarmes. Strømmen af gasformige prøve ind i kammeret er kontrolleret af to variable lækage ventiler. Prøven ind i salen gennem en 1/16" rustfri rør ca 1 cm fra laser fokus (figur 2) for at levere en lokalt høj koncentration af target molekyle i udvinding region27. Udvinding plade har en 0,5 mm slids orienterede ortogonale i forhold til laser formering og ion stier. Fordi Rayleigh række pumpe strålen er ca. 2 mm, fungerer denne spalte som et filter, så kun ioner genereret fra det centrale omdrejningspunkt volumen hvor intensiteten er højeste til at passere gennem udvinding plade28. Ioner indtaste en 1 m felt-fri drift røret for at nå den Z-gap micro channel plade (MCP) detektor29, hvor de er registreret og registreret med en 1 GHz digitalt oscilloskop på 1 kHz gentagelseshyppighed typiske kommercielle Ti:Sapphire lasere.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Mass spectrometer components</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TOF lens stack and flight tube assembly</td>
			<td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>C-677</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 mm Z-gap detector assembly</td>
			<td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>C-701Z</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TOF high voltage power supply</td>
			<td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>D-603</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum system components</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary vane backing pump</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>RV12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Turbomolecular pumps (2)</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>EXT255H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Turbomolecular pump controllers (2)</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>EXC300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure gauge</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>AIGX-S-DN40CF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chiller for water cooling</td>
			<td>Neslab</td>
			<td>CFT-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Femtosecond laser system</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ti:Sapphire regenerative amplifier</td>
			<td>Coherent, Inc.</td>
			<td>Astrella</td>
			<td>oscillator and amplifier in a single integrated system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Parametric Amplifer (OPA)</td>
			<td>Light Conversion</td>
			<td>TOPAS Prime</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Motion control</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Motorized linear translation stage 1&#34; travel</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>Z825B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>controller for linear translation stage</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>KDC 101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>USB controller hub and power supply</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>KCH 601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manual linear translation stage 1&#34; travel</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PT1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detectors</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyroelectric laser energy meter</td>
			<td>Coherent, Inc.</td>
			<td>1168337</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermal laser power meter</td>
			<td>Coherent, Inc.</td>
			<td>5356E16R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Si-biased detector 200-1100 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DET10A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compact USB CMOS Camera</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DCC1545M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>USB spectrometer</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>HR4000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 GHz digital oscilloscope&#160;</td>
			<td>LeCroy</td>
			<td>WaveRunner 610Zi</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Type 1 BBO crystal</td>
			<td>Crylight Photonics</td>
			<td>BBO007</td>
			<td>aperture and thickness may be customized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Achromatic half wave plate, 1100-2000 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AHWP05M-1600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wollaston prism polarizer</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>WPM10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hollow retro-reflector</td>
			<td>PLX, Inc.</td>
			<td>OW-20-1C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Variable neutral density filter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>NDC-100C-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Longpass dichroic mirror 2&#34; diameter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DMLP950L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital Camera image software</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>ThorCam</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instrument communication interface</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>NI-MAX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphical development environment for measurement programs</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>LabVIEW</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data processing software</td>
			<td>Mathworks</td>
			<td>MATLAB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of ultrafast vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations with strong-field adiabatic ionization

Vi præsenterer en pumpe-sonde metode til at forberede vibrationelle sammenhænge i polyatomic radikale kationer og sondering deres ultrahurtig dynamics. Ved at flytte bølgelængden af stærkt felt ioniserende pumpe pulse fra de almindeligt anvendte 800 nm i nær-infrarødt (1200-1600 nm), adiabatisk elektron tunneling ionisering proces bidrag stiger i forhold til multiphoton absorption. Adiabatisk ionisering resulterer i dominerende population af elektroniske grundtilstand af ion ved elektron fjernelse, som effektivt forbereder en sammenhængende vibrationelle tilstand ("bølgepakke") indstillet til efterfølgende excitation. I vores forsøg de sammenhængende vibrationelle dynamics er aftestede med en svag-felt 800 nm puls og tidsafhængig udbytter af dissociation produkter målt i en time of flight massespektrometer. Vi præsenterer målinger på molekyle dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) til at illustrere, hvordan bruge 1500 nm pulser for excitation øger amplitude af sammenhængende svingninger i ion udbytter med en faktor 10 i forhold til 800 nm pulser. Denne protokol kan blive implementeret i eksisterende pumpe-sonde opsætninger gennem indarbejdelse af en optisk parametrisk forstærker (OPA) til bølgelængde konvertering.

Resultaterne for molekyle DMMP21 præsenteres. Figur 3 viser de DMMP massespektre taget i nul forsinkelse med peak intensiteter af 1500 nm pumpe og 800 nm sonde pulser er 8 x 1013 og 8 x 1012 W cm-2, henholdsvis. For reference, er masse spektret taget med kun pumpe pulsen også vist. Spektre er gennemsnit over 10.000 laser skud (samlede anskaffelsessum tid 12 s). Stigningen i ion signaler er markeret me...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization at JoVE.com

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Vi præsenterer en protokol for sondering ultrahurtig vibrationelle sammenhænge i polyatomic radikale kationer, der resulterer i molekylær dissociation.

Måling af ultrahurtig vibrationelle sammenhænge i Polyatomic radikale kationer med Strong-felt adiabatisk ionisering

We present a pump-probe method for preparing vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations and probing their ultrafast dynamics. By shifting the ...

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