Name: measurement of ultrafast vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations with strong-field adiabatic ionization
Uploaded: 2018-08-06T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization at JoVE.com

Dette arbeidet ble støttet av US Army Research Office gjennom kontrakt W911NF-18-1-0051.

Merk: Alle kommersielt ervervet instrumenter og deler som laser, vakuumpumper, kammer, time of flight rør og microchannel plate detektor ble installert og brukes i henhold til produsentens instruksjoner eller brukerens manuell. Laser vernebriller utformet for drift laser intensiteten og bølgelengder bør brukes.
1. bygging av TOF-MS26
<ol><li>Design og bygge en av beryllium vakuum (UHV) kammer med nok plass til en standard stabel med ion optikk26</...

<ol>
	<li>Letokhov, V. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photophysics+and+Photochemistry.">Photophysics and Photochemistry.</a> Physics Today. 30 (5), 23-32 (1977).</li><li>Bloembergen, N., Yablonovitch, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Infrared+laser+induced+unimolecular+reactions.">Infrared laser induced unimolecular reactions.</a> Physics Today. 31 (5), 23-30 (1978).</li><li>Zewail, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laser+selective+chemistry-is+it+possible?.">Laser selective chemistry-is it possible?.</a> Physics Today. 33 (11), 25-33 (1980).</li><li>Brif, C., Chakrabarti, R. L., Rabitz, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+quantum+phenomena:+past,+present+and+future.">Control of quantum phenomena: past, present and future.</a> New Journal of Physics. 12, 075008 (2010).</li><li>Bloembergen, N., Zewail, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Energy+redistribution+and+the+question+of+mode+selective+laser+chemistry+revisited.">Energy redistribution and the question of mode selective laser chemistry revisited.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 88 (23), 5459-5465 (1984).</li><li>Rosker, M. J., Dantus, M., Zewail, A. 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S., Rabitz, H., Dahleh, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coherent+Control+of+Quantum+Dynamics:+The+Dream+Is+Alive.">Coherent Control of Quantum Dynamics: The Dream Is Alive.</a> Science. 259 (5101), 1581-1589 (2003).</li><li>Kosma, K., Trushin, S. A., Fu&#223;, W., Schmid, E. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cyclohexadiene+ring+opening+observed+with+13+fs+resolution:+coherent+oscillations+confirm+the+reaction+path.">Cyclohexadiene ring opening observed with 13 fs resolution: coherent oscillations confirm the reaction path.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 11 (1), 172-181 (2009).</li><li>De, S., Magrakvelidze, M., Bocharova, I. A., Ray, D., Cao, W., Znakovskaya, I., Li, H., Wang, Z., Laurent, G., Thumm, U., Kling, M. F., Litvinyuk, I. V., Ben-Itzhak, I., Cocke, C. 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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strong+field+adiabatic+ionization+prepares+a+launch+state+for+coherent+control.">Strong field adiabatic ionization prepares a launch state for coherent control.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 5 (24), 4305-4309 (2014).</li><li>Tibbetts, K. M., Tarazkar, M., Bohinski, T., Romanov, D. A., Matsika, S., Levis, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Controlling+the+dissociation+dynamics+of+acetophenone+radical+cation+through+excitation+of+ground+and+excited+state+wavepacket.">Controlling the dissociation dynamics of acetophenone radical cation through excitation of ground and excited state wavepacket.</a> The Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics. 48 (16), 164002 (2015).</li><li>Ampadu Boateng, D., Gutsev, G. L., Jena, P., Tibbetts, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrafast+coherent+vibrational+dynamics+dynamics+in+dimethyl+methylphosphonate+radical+cation.">Ultrafast coherent vibrational dynamics dynamics in dimethyl methylphosphonate radical cation.</a> Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 20 (7), 4636-4640 (2018).</li><li>Ampadu Boateng, D., Gutsev, G. L., Jena, P., Tibbetts, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dissociation+dynamics+of+3-+and+4-nitrotoluene+radical+cations:+Coherently+driven+C-NO2+bond+homolysis.">Dissociation dynamics of 3- and 4-nitrotoluene radical cations: Coherently driven C-NO2 bond homolysis.</a> The Journal of Chemical Physics. 148 (13), 134305 (2018).</li><li>Markevitch, A. N., Romanov, D. A., Smith, S. M., Schlegel, H. B., Ivanov, M. Y., Levis, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequential+non+adiabatic+excitation+of+large+molecules+and+ions+driven+by+strong+laser+fields.">Sequential non adiabatic excitation of large molecules and ions driven by strong laser fields.</a> Physical Review A. 69 (1), 013401 (2004).</li><li>Lezius, M., Blanchet, M., Rayner, D. M., Villeneuve, D. M., Stolow, A., Ivanov, M. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nonadiabatic+multielectron+dynamics+in+strong+field+molecular+ionization.">Nonadiabatic multielectron dynamics in strong field molecular ionization.</a> Physical Review Letters. 86 (1), 51 (2001).</li><li>Lezius, M., Blanchet, V., Ivanov, M. Y., Stolow, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polyatomic+molecules+in+strong+laser+fields:+Nonadiabatic+multielectron+dynamics.">Polyatomic molecules in strong laser fields: Nonadiabatic multielectron dynamics.</a> The Journal of Chemical Physics. 117 (4), 1575 (2002).</li><li>Bohinski, T., Tibbetts, K. M., Tarazkar, M., Romanov, D., Matsika, S., Levis, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+an+electronic+resonance+in+a+ground-state,+gas-phase+acetophenone+cation+via+strong-field+mass+spectrometry.">Measurement of an electronic resonance in a ground-state, gas-phase acetophenone cation via strong-field mass spectrometry.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. 4 (10), 1587-1591 (2013).</li><li>Bohinski, T., Tibbetts, K. M., Tarazkar, M., Romanov, D., Matsika, S., Levis, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+ionic+resonances+in+alkyl+phenyl+ketone+cations+via+infrared+strong+field+mass+spectrometry.">Measurement of ionic resonances in alkyl phenyl ketone cations via infrared strong field mass spectrometry.</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 117 (47), 12374-12381 (2013).</li><li>Wiley, W. C., McLaren, I. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Time-of-Flight+Mass+Spectrometer+with+Improved+Resolution.">Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer with Improved Resolution.</a> Review of Scientific Instruments. 26, 1150-1156 (1955).</li><li>Gutsev, G. L., Ampadu Boateng, D., Jena, P., Tibbetts, K. 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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intense-field+laser+ionization+rates+in+atoms+and+molecules.">Intense-field laser ionization rates in atoms and molecules.</a> Physical Review A. 64 (1), 013405 (2001).</li><li>Amitay, Z., Zajfman, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+type+of+multiparticle+three-dimensional+imaging+detector+with+subnanosecond+time+resolution.">A new type of multiparticle three-dimensional imaging detector with subnanosecond time resolution.</a> Review of Scientific Instruments. 68 (3), 1387-1392 (1997).</li><li>Trebino, R., Kane, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+phase+retrieval+to+measure+the+intensity+and+phase+of+ultrashort+pulses:+frequency-resolved+optical+gating.">Using phase retrieval to measure the intensity and phase of ultrashort pulses: frequency-resolved optical gating.</a> Journal of the Optical Society of America A. 10 (5), 1101 (1993).</li><li>DeLong, K. W., Trebino, R., Hunter, J., White, W. 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Denne protokollen kan vi løse lynraske vibrasjonsmedisin dynamikk i polyatomic radikale kasjoner gjennom selektiv forberedelse ioner i bakken elektronisk staten. Mens standard sterk-feltet ionisering prosedyren bruker 800 nm kan forberede vibrasjonsmedisin coherences i bakken-elektronisk staten radikale kasjoner første rad diatomics10,11,12,13 og CO 2 14 <su...

Siden oppfinnelsen av laseren i 1960, har målet med selektivt bryte kjemisk obligasjoner i molekyler vært en langvarig drøm kjemikere og fysikere. Muligheten til å justere både laser frekvens og intensitet ble antatt å aktivere direkte spalting av et mål bånd gjennom selektiv energi absorbans ved tilknyttede vibrasjonen frekvens1,2,3,4 . Men fant tidlige eksperimenter at intramolekylære vibrasjonsmedisin omfordeling av absorberes gjennom molekylet ofte resulterte i ikke-selektive spalting av svakeste bond4,5. Det var ikke før utviklingen av femtosecond pulserende lasere og pumpe-sonden teknikk6 sent 1980 som direkte manipulering av sammenhengende vibrasjonsmedisin tilstander, eller "bølge pakker", aktivert vellykket kontroll over bånd cleavage og andre mål6,7,8. Pumpe-sonden målinger, hvor byens "pumpe" forbereder en opphisset tilstand eller ion som er senere begeistret for en forsinket "probe" puls, forblir en av de mest brukte teknikkene for å studere lynraske prosesser molekyler9, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18, 19,20.
En betydelig begrensning å studere lynraske dissosiasjon dynamikken i polyatomic radikale kasjoner med pumpe-sonden eksitasjon koblet til masse spectrometric gjenkjenning oppstår fra ikke-selektivt fragmentering av mål molekylet av ionisert pumpen pulsen på Ti:Sapphire bølgelengden til 800 nm21,22,23. Denne overflødige fragmentering resultater fra nonadiabatic multiphoton ionization og gjøres ved skiftende eksitasjon bølgelengden i nær-infrarøde (f.eks., 1200-1500 nm)22,23,24, 25. På disse lengre bølgelengder, bidrag av Adiabatisk elektron tunnelering øker i forhold til multiphoton eksitasjon i ionisering prosessen22,23. Adiabatisk tunnelering formidler litt overflødig energi til molekylet og skjemaer hovedsakelig "kald" bakken staten molekylær ioner19,22,23. Våre tidligere arbeid har vist at bruken av nær-infrarøde eksitasjon vesentlig forbedrer utarbeidelse av sammenhengende vibrasjonsmedisin excitations eller "bølge pakker", i polyatomic radikale kasjoner i forhold til 800 nm eksitasjon19, 20. Dette arbeidet illustrerer forskjellen mellom sterke-feltet ionisering dominert av multiphoton og tunnelering bidrag med pumpe-sonden målinger tatt på kjemisk krigføring agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) bruker 1500 nm og 800 nm pumpen bølgelengder.
Våre pumpe-sonden eksperimenter er et par ultrashort laser pulser forsinket, saman og fokusert i en tid-av-flight masse spectrometer, som vist i våre oppsett i figur 1. Disse eksperimentene krever en Ti:Sapphire regenerativ forsterker produsere > 2 mJ, 800 nm, 30 fs pulser. Forsterker utdataene er delt på en 90: 10 (% R: %T) stråle splitter, der mesteparten av energien som brukes til å pumpe en optisk parametrisk forsterker (OPA) for generering av 1200-1600 nm, 100-300 µJ, 20-30 fs pulser. Diameteren på IR pumpe strålen er utvidet til 22 mm og diameteren på 800 nm sonde strålen ned-collimated til 5,5 og cored bruke en iris. Disse collimations føre pumpe strålen fokus til en betydelig mindre strålen midjen (9 µm) enn sonde strålen (30 µm), og dermed sikre at alle ioner dannet under ionisert pumpe pulsen er begeistret av forsinket sonde pulsen. Denne konfigurasjonen brukes fordi målet med vår eksperimenter er å undersøke dynamikken i overordnede molekylær ion, som kan dannes på lavere intensitet nær fokusert stråle. Vi oppmerksom på at hvis dynamikken i flere svært begeistret ioniske arter av interesse, deretter sonde strålen diameter gjøres mindre enn pumpen.
På pumpen og sonde pulser overføre collinearly og er fokusert på utvinning regionen en Wiley McLaren tid-av-flight masse spectrometer (TOF-MS)26 (figur 2). Molekylær prøver plassert i et hetteglass er knyttet til innløpet og åpnet for vakuum. Denne installasjonen krever at molekylet under etterforskning har en annen Damptrykk; for molekyler med lav Damptrykk, kan ampullen være oppvarmet. Flyten av gass utvalg i kammeret styres av to variable lekkasje ventiler. Prøven inn i kammeret gjennom en 1/16" rustfritt stål rør ca 1 cm fra laser fokus (figur 2) for å levere en lokalt høy konsentrasjon av mål molekylet i utvinning regionen27. Utvinning platen har en 0,5 mm rift orientert ortogonale til laser forplantning og ion banene. Fordi Rayleigh pumpe strålen er omlag 2 mm, fungerer denne slit som et filter, slik at bare ioner generert fra sentrale fokal volumet der intensiteten er høyeste gjennom utvinning plate28. Ionene angi et 1 m feltet problemfri drift rør for å nå den Z-gap micro channel plate (MCP) detektor29, hvor de er oppdaget og registrert med en 1 GHz digital oscilloskop på 1 kHz gjentakelseshastigheten typisk kommersielle Ti:Sapphire lasere.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Mass spectrometer components</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TOF lens stack and flight tube assembly</td>
			<td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>C-677</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 mm Z-gap detector assembly</td>
			<td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>C-701Z</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TOF high voltage power supply</td>
			<td>Jordan TOF Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>D-603</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vacuum system components</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotary vane backing pump</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>RV12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Turbomolecular pumps (2)</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>EXT255H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Turbomolecular pump controllers (2)</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>EXC300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure gauge</td>
			<td>Edwards Vacuum LLC</td>
			<td>AIGX-S-DN40CF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chiller for water cooling</td>
			<td>Neslab</td>
			<td>CFT-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Femtosecond laser system</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ti:Sapphire regenerative amplifier</td>
			<td>Coherent, Inc.</td>
			<td>Astrella</td>
			<td>oscillator and amplifier in a single integrated system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical Parametric Amplifer (OPA)</td>
			<td>Light Conversion</td>
			<td>TOPAS Prime</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Motion control</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Motorized linear translation stage 1&#34; travel</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>Z825B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>controller for linear translation stage</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>KDC 101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>USB controller hub and power supply</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>KCH 601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manual linear translation stage 1&#34; travel</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PT1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detectors</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pyroelectric laser energy meter</td>
			<td>Coherent, Inc.</td>
			<td>1168337</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermal laser power meter</td>
			<td>Coherent, Inc.</td>
			<td>5356E16R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Si-biased detector 200-1100 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DET10A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compact USB CMOS Camera</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DCC1545M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>USB spectrometer</td>
			<td>Ocean Optics</td>
			<td>HR4000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 GHz digital oscilloscope&#160;</td>
			<td>LeCroy</td>
			<td>WaveRunner 610Zi</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optics</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Type 1 BBO crystal</td>
			<td>Crylight Photonics</td>
			<td>BBO007</td>
			<td>aperture and thickness may be customized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Achromatic half wave plate, 1100-2000 nm</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>AHWP05M-1600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wollaston prism polarizer</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>WPM10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hollow retro-reflector</td>
			<td>PLX, Inc.</td>
			<td>OW-20-1C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Variable neutral density filter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>NDC-100C-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Longpass dichroic mirror 2&#34; diameter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>DMLP950L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digital Camera image software</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>ThorCam</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instrument communication interface</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>NI-MAX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphical development environment for measurement programs</td>
			<td>National Instruments</td>
			<td>LabVIEW</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Data processing software</td>
			<td>Mathworks</td>
			<td>MATLAB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

measurement of ultrafast vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations with strong-field adiabatic ionization

Vi presenterer en pumpe-sonden metode for forbereder vibrasjonsmedisin coherences i polyatomic radikale kasjoner og verifiserer deres lynraske dynamics. Av skiftende bølgelengden til sterk-feltet ionisert pumpe pulsen fra den brukte 800 nm i nær-infrarøde (1200-1600 nm), bidrag av Adiabatisk elektron tunnelering til Ioniseringsprosessen øker i forhold til multiphoton absorpsjon. Adiabatisk ionisering resulterer i dominerende befolkningen i bakken elektronisk delstaten ion på elektron fjerning, som effektivt forbereder en sammenhengende vibrasjonsmedisin tilstand ("bølge-pakke") mottakelig for påfølgende eksitasjon. I vår eksperimenter, sammenhengende vibrasjonsmedisin dynamikken er analysert med en svak-feltet 800 nm puls og tidsavhengige avkastningen av dissosiasjon produkter måles i en tid-av-flight masse spectrometer. Vi presenterer deg målene på molekyl dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) for å illustrere hvordan bruke 1500 nm pulser for eksitasjon forbedrer amplituden til sammenhengende svingninger ion gir med en faktor på 10 sammenlignet med 800 nm pulser. Denne protokollen kan implementeres i eksisterende pumpe-sonden oppsett gjennom inkorporering av en optisk parametrisk forsterker (OPA) for bølgelengde konvertering.

Resultatene for molekyl DMMP21 presenteres. Figur 3 viser til DMMP masse spectra tatt på null tid-forsinkelsen med topp intensiteter av 1500 nm pumpen og 800 nm sonde pulser som 8 x 10-13 og 8 x 1012 W cm-2, hhv. For referanse vises også masse spekteret tatt med bare pumpen pulsen. Til spectra er gjennomsnitt over 10.000 laser bilder (totale anskaffelseskosten tid 12 s). Økningen i ion signaler merke...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization at JoVE.com

Measurement of Ultrafast Vibrational Coherences in Polyatomic Radical Cations with Strong-Field Adiabatic Ionization

Vi presenterer en protokoll for undersøkelser lynraske vibrasjonsmedisin coherences i polyatomic radikale kasjoner som fører molekylære dissosiasjon.

Måling av lynraske vibrasjonsmedisin Coherences i Polyatomic radikale kasjoner med sterk-feltet Adiabatisk ionisering

We present a pump-probe method for preparing vibrational coherences in polyatomic radical cations and probing their ultrafast dynamics. By shifting the ...

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