Name: a high-throughput luciferase assay to evaluate proteolysis of the single-turnover protease pcsk9
Uploaded: 2018-08-28T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9 at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takke den gavmilde finansiering støtte fra NHLBI/NIH (K08 HL124068 og LRP HMOT1243), NCATS/NIH gennem UCSF klinisk og translationel Science Institute katalysator Program (UL1 TR000004), UCSF akademiske senat, Hellman Foundation, en Gilead Sciences Research Scholar Award, en Pfizer ASPIRE hjerte-kar-Award, (alle til John S. Chorba) og Howard Hughes Medical Institute (at Adri M. Galvan og Kevan M. Shokat).

1. site-directed mutagenese af Protease vektor
<ol><li>Design og ordre custom-syntetiseret oligonukleotider at installere en mutation af interesse ved hjælp af en ændring af standard site-directed mutagenese protokoller12. Standard afsaltede primere (uden yderligere rensning) er helt i orden. Bemærk: En generel tilgang til primer design indebærer oprettelse delvist overlappende primere, som angivet i tabel 1, ved hjælp af en smeltende temperatur (Tm) Lommeregn...

<ol>
	<li>Park, S. W., Moon, Y. A., Horton, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-transcriptional+regulation+of+low+density+lipoprotein+receptor+protein+by+proprotein+convertase+subtilisin/kexin+type+9a+in+mouse+liver.">Post-transcriptional regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor protein by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9a in mouse liver.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (48), 50630-50638 (2004).</li><li>Cohen, J. C., Boerwinkle, E., Mosley, T. H., Hobbs, H. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequence+variations+in+PCSK9,+low+LDL,+and+protection+against+coronary+heart+disease.">Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (12), 1264-1272 (2006).</li><li>Ridker, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiovascular+Efficacy+and+Safety+of+Bococizumab+in+High-Risk+Patients.">Cardiovascular Efficacy and Safety of Bococizumab in High-Risk Patients.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 376 (16), 1527-1539 (2017).</li><li>Sabatine, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolocumab+and+Clinical+Outcomes+in+Patients+with+Cardiovascular+Disease.">Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 376 (18), 1713-1722 (2017).</li><li>Kazi, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cost-effectiveness+of+PCSK9+Inhibitor+Therapy+in+Patients+With+Heterozygous+Familial+Hypercholesterolemia+or+Atherosclerotic+Cardiovascular+Disease.">Cost-effectiveness of PCSK9 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia or Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.</a> Journal of the American Medical Association. 316 (7), 743-753 (2016).</li><li>Kazi, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Updated+Cost-effectiveness+Analysis+of+PCSK9+Inhibitors+Based+on+the+Results+of+the+FOURIER+Trial.">Updated Cost-effectiveness Analysis of PCSK9 Inhibitors Based on the Results of the FOURIER Trial.</a> Journal of the American Medical Association. 318 (8), (2017).</li><li>Pettersen, D., Fjellstr&#246;m, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+molecule+modulators+of+PCSK9+-+A+literature+and+patent+overview.">Small molecule modulators of PCSK9 - A literature and patent overview.</a> Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 28 (7), 1155-1160 (2018).</li><li>Chorba, J. S., Galvan, A. M., Shokat, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stepwise+processing+analyses+of+the+single-turnover+PCSK9+protease+reveal+its+substrate+sequence+specificity+and+link+clinical+genotype+to+lipid+phenotype.">Stepwise processing analyses of the single-turnover PCSK9 protease reveal its substrate sequence specificity and link clinical genotype to lipid phenotype.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 293 (6), 1875-1886 (2018).</li><li>Maxwell, K. N., Breslow, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adenoviral-mediated+expression+of+Pcsk9+in+mice+results+in+a+low-density+lipoprotein+receptor+knockout+phenotype.">Adenoviral-mediated expression of Pcsk9 in mice results in a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout phenotype.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (18), 7100-7105 (2004).</li><li>Benjannet, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NARC-1/PCSK9+and+its+natural+mutants:+zymogen+cleavage+and+effects+on+the+low+density+lipoprotein+(LDL)+receptor+and+LDL+cholesterol.">NARC-1/PCSK9 and its natural mutants: zymogen cleavage and effects on the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and LDL cholesterol.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (47), 48865-48875 (2004).</li><li>Cunningham, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+biophysical+studies+of+PCSK9+and+its+mutants+linked+to+familial+hypercholesterolemia.">Structural and biophysical studies of PCSK9 and its mutants linked to familial hypercholesterolemia.</a> Nature Structural &amp; Molecular Biology. 14 (5), 413-419 (2007).</li><li>Liu, H., Naismith, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+one-step+site-directed+deletion,+insertion,+single+and+multiple-site+plasmid+mutagenesis+protocol.">An efficient one-step site-directed deletion, insertion, single and multiple-site plasmid mutagenesis protocol.</a> BMC Biotechnology. 8, 91 (2008).</li><li>Zhang, J., Chung, T., Oldenburg, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Simple+Statistical+Parameter+for+Use+in+Evaluation+and+Validation+of+High+Throughput+Screening+Assays.">A Simple Statistical Parameter for Use in Evaluation and Validation of High Throughput Screening Assays.</a> Journal of Biomolecular Screening. 4 (2), 67-73 (1999).</li><li>Hall, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineered+luciferase+reporter+from+a+deep+sea+shrimp+utilizing+a+novel+imidazopyrazinone+substrate.">Engineered luciferase reporter from a deep sea shrimp utilizing a novel imidazopyrazinone substrate.</a> ACS Chemical Biology. 7 (11), 1848-1857 (2012).</li><li>McNutt, M. C., Lagace, T. A., Horton, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalytic+activity+is+not+required+for+secreted+PCSK9+to+reduce+low+density+lipoprotein+receptors+in+HepG2+cells.">Catalytic activity is not required for secreted PCSK9 to reduce low density lipoprotein receptors in HepG2 cells.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (29), 20799-20803 (2007).</li><li>Chorba, J. S., Shokat, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+proprotein+convertase+subtilisin/kexin+type+9+(PCSK9)+active+site+and+cleavage+sequence+differentially+regulate+protein+secretion+from+proteolysis.">The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) active site and cleavage sequence differentially regulate protein secretion from proteolysis.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289 (42), 29030-29043 (2014).</li><li>Benjannet, S., Rhainds, D., Hamelin, J., Nassoury, N., Seidah, N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+proprotein+convertase+(PC)+PCSK9+is+inactivated+by+furin+and/or+PC5/6A:+functional+consequences+of+natural+mutations+and+post-translational+modifications.">The proprotein convertase (PC) PCSK9 is inactivated by furin and/or PC5/6A: functional consequences of natural mutations and post-translational modifications.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (41), 30561-30572 (2006).</li><li>Zhao, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+characterization+of+loss-of-function+mutations+in+PCSK9+and+identification+of+a+compound+heterozygote.">Molecular characterization of loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 and identification of a compound heterozygote.</a> American Journal of Human Genetics. 79 (3), 514-523 (2006).</li></ol>

De eksperimentelle procedurer beskrevet ovenfor præsentere en metode til at overvinde den uløseligt lav aktivitet af single-omsætning protease PCSK9 og evaluere sin proteolytiske funktion på en robust måde. Nøglebegrebet i analysen er afhængig af konvertere en enkelt-omsætning event til en enzymatisk forstærket udlæsning. Styrkerne ved analysen omfatter relativt kort tid-rammen og brugervenligheden af luciferase reporter, såvel som dens skalerbarhed til høj overførselshastighed tilgange. Derudover evaluerer ...

PCSK9 mål LDL receptor (LDL-R) for nedbrydning, rejser LDL kolesterol (LDL-C) og køre aterosklerotisk hjertesygdom1,2. Therapeutics målretning PCSK9 håndfast lavere LDL-C og forbedre hjerte-kar-resultater for patienter, selv når føjet til en aggressiv lipid-sænkende behandling med statiner3,4. Allerede godkendte behandlingsformer er begrænset til antistof-baserede tilgange, dog, og lider af en mangel på omkostningseffektivitet5,6. For at løse dette problem, er billigere terapeutiske alternativer, et middel til at identificere patienter forventes at få større fordele, eller begge dele, nødvendige.
Små-molekyle tilgange kunne målrette intracellulære PCSK9, giver en forbedret indgiftsmåde og reducere omkostningerne, hvilket gør dem den "hellige gral" i dette område7. Men PCSK9 har vist sig vanskeligt at stof af små molekyler. Som en protease er rettet mod PCSK9's proteolytiske funktion en attraktiv strategi, som self-proteolyse er det hastighedsbegrænsende trin i PCSK9 modning8 og er nødvendig for dens maksimal effekt på LDL-R9. Til dato, men denne strategi ikke lykkedes, sandsynligvis på grund af PCSK9's unikke biokemi: PCSK9 kløver kun selve10, udfører en enkelt-omsætning reaktion, og efter self-spaltning, PCSK9 prodomain forbliver bundet i det aktive sted som en Auto-inhibitor11, forhindrer udlæsning af enhver yderligere protease aktivitet.
Denne artikel præsenterer en metode til at vurdere PCSK9 proteolytiske funktion i høj overførselshastighed mode8. Gennem site-directed mutagenese, kan Efterforskere bruge denne analyse for at sonde virkningerne af kodning SNPs fundet i klinikken for at vurdere dem for effekter på proteolyse, det hastighedsbegrænsende trin i PCSK9 modning. Derudover, vil denne metode være nyttige for design af høj overførselshastighed skærme til at identificere modulatorer af PCSK9 proteolyse, som forventes at i sidste ende forstyrre præsentationen af PCSK9 til LDL-R (og modulere PCSK9's hypercholesterolemic virkning) . Endelig kan denne protokol tilpasses andre proteaser med uløseligt lav aktivitet, forudsat at i) en specifik substrat-protease par kan findes, og ii) en egnet intracellulære anker kan fastsættes til underlaget.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR Tubes</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1402-2900</td>
			<td>For PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Q5 Hot Start</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>M0493L</td>
			<td>High-fidelity DNA Polymerase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deoxynucleotide Solution Mix</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>N0447L</td>
			<td>dNTPs (for PCR)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pPCSK9-NLucProteaseAssay-WT</td>
			<td>Authors</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Available from authors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pPCSK9-NLucProteaseAssay-S386A</td>
			<td>Authors</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Available from authors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose LE</td>
			<td>Gold Biotechnology</td>
			<td>A-201-100</td>
			<td>For DNA gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E-Gel Imager System with Blue Light Base</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4466612</td>
			<td>For imaging DNA gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S33102</td>
			<td>For DNA gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris Base</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP152-1</td>
			<td>For DNA gel running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glacial acetic acid</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A38-500</td>
			<td>For DNA gel running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>3690</td>
			<td>EDTA, for DNA gel running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 kb DNA ladder</td>
			<td>Gold Biotechnology</td>
			<td>D010</td>
			<td>DNA ladder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DpnI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0176S</td>
			<td>Restriction enzyme</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB Agar plates with 100 &#181;g/mL carbenicillin</td>
			<td>Teknova</td>
			<td>L1010</td>
			<td>LB-Carb plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>One Shot Mach1 T Phage-Resistent Chemically Competent E. coli</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C862003</td>
			<td>Chemically competent cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB Broth, Miller</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1426-2</td>
			<td>LB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbenicillin</td>
			<td>Gold Biotechnology</td>
			<td>C-103-5</td>
			<td>Selective antibiotic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E.Z.N.A. Plasmid Mini Kit I</td>
			<td>Omega BioTek</td>
			<td>D6942-02</td>
			<td>DNA Purification Miniprep kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NanoDrop 2000 Spectrophotomer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>ND-2000C</td>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>293T Cells</td>
			<td>American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC)</td>
			<td>CRL-3216</td>
			<td>HEK 293T cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM, high glucose, pyruvate</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11995065</td>
			<td>DMEM, mammalian cell media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Sera</td>
			<td>Axenia Biologix</td>
			<td>F001</td>
			<td>FBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA (0.05%), phenol red</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25300062</td>
			<td>Trypsin, for cell dissociation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td>PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Countess automated cell counter</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C10227</td>
			<td>Automated cell counting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Countess cell counting chamber slides</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C10228</td>
			<td>Slides for cell counting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR Tissue Culture Plates, White, White-Bottom, with Lid</td>
			<td>Grenier Bio-One</td>
			<td>655083</td>
			<td>White, white-bottom 96 well plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TempPlate non-skirted 96-well PCR plate, natural</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1402-9596</td>
			<td>96 well plate for master plasmid plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunc 2.0mL DeepWell Plates</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>278743</td>
			<td>96 well deep well plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipofectamine 3000</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>L3000008</td>
			<td>Lipid transfection reagent, Lf3K</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P3000 Reagent</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>L3000008</td>
			<td>DNA pre-complexation reagent, provided with Lf3K</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiMEM I Reduced Serum Medium</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>31985062</td>
			<td>Reduced serum medium for transfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(+)-Sodium L-ascorbate</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>A4034</td>
			<td>Sodium ascorbate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>S9888</td>
			<td>NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin, Bovine Serum, Fraction V, Low Heavy Metals</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>12659</td>
			<td>BSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol (HPLC)</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A4524</td>
			<td>MeOH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>JT9535-2</td>
			<td>Concentrated HCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coelenterazine</td>
			<td>Gold Biotechnology</td>
			<td>CZ2.5</td>
			<td>Luciferase substrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Filter, Sterile</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>09-720-3</td>
			<td>Sterile filter, PVDF, 0.22 &#181;m pore</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet-Lite Multi Pipette L12-200XLS+</td>
			<td>Rainin</td>
			<td>17013810</td>
			<td>Multichannel pipette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet-Lite Multi Pipette L12-20XLS+</td>
			<td>Rainin</td>
			<td>17013808</td>
			<td>Multichannel pipette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet-Lite Multi Pipette L12-10XLS+</td>
			<td>Rainin</td>
			<td>17013807</td>
			<td>Multichannel pipette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagent reservoir</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>4870</td>
			<td>Trough for reagents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge tubes, 15 mL</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-539-12</td>
			<td>15 mL tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge tubes, 50 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430829</td>
			<td>50 mL tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spark Microplate Reader</td>
			<td>Tecan</td>
			<td>N/a</td>
			<td>Plate Reader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Excel</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td>2016 for Mac</td>
			<td>Spreadsheet software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prism</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software</td>
			<td>v7</td>
			<td>Scientific data analysis software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a high-throughput luciferase assay to evaluate proteolysis of the single-turnover protease pcsk9

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) er en enkelt-omsætning protease, der regulerer serumniveauer low-density lipoprotein (LDL) og dermed hjerte-kar-sygdom. Selvom PCSK9 proteolyse er nødvendig for dens fulde hypercholesterolemic virkning, evaluering af dens proteolytiske funktion er udfordrende: PCSK9 vides kun at kløve sig, gennemgår kun en enkelt omsætning og efter proteolyse, bevarer sit Bæremateriale i dets aktive site som en auto-hæmmer. De metoder, der præsenteres her beskrive en analyse, som overvinder disse udfordringer. Analysen fokuserer på intermolekylære proteolyse i en celle-baserede baggrunden og links vellykket kavalergang udskilles luciferase aktivitet, som let kan aflæses på mellemlang og aircondition. Via sekventielle trin mutagenese, forbigående Transfektion og en luciferase udlæsning, analysen kan sonden PCSK9 proteolyse betingelser, enten genetiske eller Molekylær undertrykkelse af netbårne på en måde, høj overførselshastighed. Dette system er velegnet til både biokemiske evaluering af klinisk opdagede missense enkelt-nukleotid polymorfier (SNPs), såvel som for screening af små-molekyle hæmmere af PCSK9 proteolyse.

Høj overførselshastighed proteolyse assay er afhængig af at overvinde tre store udfordringer. Først, for at overvinde den uløseligt lavt output af en enkelt-omsætning PCSK9 protease, en PCSK9 protease mangler den hæmmende prodomain er brugt, kavalergang sekvens på halen af den prodomain knyttet til en luciferase, der kan udskilles14. For det andet for at tilfredsstille behovet for protease at folde komplekse med dens hæmmende prodomain, de to polypeptider ...

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A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9

En høj overførselshastighed Luciferase Assay at evaluere proteolyse af Single-omsætning Protease PCSK9

Denne protokol udgør en metode til at vurdere de proteolytiske aktivitet af et uløseligt lav-aktivitet, enkelt omsætning protease i cellulære sammenhæng. Specifikt, kan denne metode anvendes til at vurdere de proteolytiske aktivitet af PCSK9, en vigtig drivkraft for lipid metabolisme hvis proteolytiske aktivitet er nødvendig for dens ultimative hypercholesterolemic funktion.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a single-turnover protease which regulates serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and, ...

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