Name: a high-throughput luciferase assay to evaluate proteolysis of the single-turnover protease pcsk9
Uploaded: 2018-08-28T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9 at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takker sjenerøs finansiering støtte fra NHLBI/NIH (K08 HL124068 og LRP HMOT1243), NCATS/NIH gjennom UCSF kliniske og translasjonsforskning Science Institute katalysator Program (UL1 TR000004), UCSF akademiske Senatet, Hellman Foundation, en Gilead Sciences Research Scholar Award, en Pfizer ASPIRE hjerte Award (alle John S. Chorba) og Howard Hughes Medical Institute (til Adri M. Galvan og Kevan M. Shokat).

1. stedet rettet mutagenese av Protease vektor
<ol><li>Design og bestille custom-syntetisk oligonucleotides installere en mutasjon av interesse ved hjelp av en endring av standard område-rettet mutagenese protokoller12. Standard avsalte primere (uten ekstra rensing) er helt akseptabelt. Merk: En generell tilnærming til primer design må du opprette delvis overlappende primere som vist i tabell 1, bruke en smeltende temperatur (Tm) Kalkulator gjelder for utvalg av...

<ol>
	<li>Park, S. W., Moon, Y. A., Horton, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-transcriptional+regulation+of+low+density+lipoprotein+receptor+protein+by+proprotein+convertase+subtilisin/kexin+type+9a+in+mouse+liver.">Post-transcriptional regulation of low density lipoprotein receptor protein by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9a in mouse liver.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (48), 50630-50638 (2004).</li><li>Cohen, J. C., Boerwinkle, E., Mosley, T. H., Hobbs, H. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sequence+variations+in+PCSK9,+low+LDL,+and+protection+against+coronary+heart+disease.">Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (12), 1264-1272 (2006).</li><li>Ridker, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiovascular+Efficacy+and+Safety+of+Bococizumab+in+High-Risk+Patients.">Cardiovascular Efficacy and Safety of Bococizumab in High-Risk Patients.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 376 (16), 1527-1539 (2017).</li><li>Sabatine, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolocumab+and+Clinical+Outcomes+in+Patients+with+Cardiovascular+Disease.">Evolocumab and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease.</a> New England Journal of Medicine. 376 (18), 1713-1722 (2017).</li><li>Kazi, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cost-effectiveness+of+PCSK9+Inhibitor+Therapy+in+Patients+With+Heterozygous+Familial+Hypercholesterolemia+or+Atherosclerotic+Cardiovascular+Disease.">Cost-effectiveness of PCSK9 Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Heterozygous Familial Hypercholesterolemia or Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease.</a> Journal of the American Medical Association. 316 (7), 743-753 (2016).</li><li>Kazi, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Updated+Cost-effectiveness+Analysis+of+PCSK9+Inhibitors+Based+on+the+Results+of+the+FOURIER+Trial.">Updated Cost-effectiveness Analysis of PCSK9 Inhibitors Based on the Results of the FOURIER Trial.</a> Journal of the American Medical Association. 318 (8), (2017).</li><li>Pettersen, D., Fjellstr&#246;m, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+molecule+modulators+of+PCSK9+-+A+literature+and+patent+overview.">Small molecule modulators of PCSK9 - A literature and patent overview.</a> Bioorganic &amp; Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 28 (7), 1155-1160 (2018).</li><li>Chorba, J. S., Galvan, A. M., Shokat, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stepwise+processing+analyses+of+the+single-turnover+PCSK9+protease+reveal+its+substrate+sequence+specificity+and+link+clinical+genotype+to+lipid+phenotype.">Stepwise processing analyses of the single-turnover PCSK9 protease reveal its substrate sequence specificity and link clinical genotype to lipid phenotype.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 293 (6), 1875-1886 (2018).</li><li>Maxwell, K. N., Breslow, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adenoviral-mediated+expression+of+Pcsk9+in+mice+results+in+a+low-density+lipoprotein+receptor+knockout+phenotype.">Adenoviral-mediated expression of Pcsk9 in mice results in a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout phenotype.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 101 (18), 7100-7105 (2004).</li><li>Benjannet, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NARC-1/PCSK9+and+its+natural+mutants:+zymogen+cleavage+and+effects+on+the+low+density+lipoprotein+(LDL)+receptor+and+LDL+cholesterol.">NARC-1/PCSK9 and its natural mutants: zymogen cleavage and effects on the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and LDL cholesterol.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (47), 48865-48875 (2004).</li><li>Cunningham, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+biophysical+studies+of+PCSK9+and+its+mutants+linked+to+familial+hypercholesterolemia.">Structural and biophysical studies of PCSK9 and its mutants linked to familial hypercholesterolemia.</a> Nature Structural &amp; Molecular Biology. 14 (5), 413-419 (2007).</li><li>Liu, H., Naismith, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+one-step+site-directed+deletion,+insertion,+single+and+multiple-site+plasmid+mutagenesis+protocol.">An efficient one-step site-directed deletion, insertion, single and multiple-site plasmid mutagenesis protocol.</a> BMC Biotechnology. 8, 91 (2008).</li><li>Zhang, J., Chung, T., Oldenburg, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Simple+Statistical+Parameter+for+Use+in+Evaluation+and+Validation+of+High+Throughput+Screening+Assays.">A Simple Statistical Parameter for Use in Evaluation and Validation of High Throughput Screening Assays.</a> Journal of Biomolecular Screening. 4 (2), 67-73 (1999).</li><li>Hall, M. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineered+luciferase+reporter+from+a+deep+sea+shrimp+utilizing+a+novel+imidazopyrazinone+substrate.">Engineered luciferase reporter from a deep sea shrimp utilizing a novel imidazopyrazinone substrate.</a> ACS Chemical Biology. 7 (11), 1848-1857 (2012).</li><li>McNutt, M. C., Lagace, T. A., Horton, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catalytic+activity+is+not+required+for+secreted+PCSK9+to+reduce+low+density+lipoprotein+receptors+in+HepG2+cells.">Catalytic activity is not required for secreted PCSK9 to reduce low density lipoprotein receptors in HepG2 cells.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (29), 20799-20803 (2007).</li><li>Chorba, J. S., Shokat, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+proprotein+convertase+subtilisin/kexin+type+9+(PCSK9)+active+site+and+cleavage+sequence+differentially+regulate+protein+secretion+from+proteolysis.">The proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) active site and cleavage sequence differentially regulate protein secretion from proteolysis.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 289 (42), 29030-29043 (2014).</li><li>Benjannet, S., Rhainds, D., Hamelin, J., Nassoury, N., Seidah, N. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+proprotein+convertase+(PC)+PCSK9+is+inactivated+by+furin+and/or+PC5/6A:+functional+consequences+of+natural+mutations+and+post-translational+modifications.">The proprotein convertase (PC) PCSK9 is inactivated by furin and/or PC5/6A: functional consequences of natural mutations and post-translational modifications.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 281 (41), 30561-30572 (2006).</li><li>Zhao, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+characterization+of+loss-of-function+mutations+in+PCSK9+and+identification+of+a+compound+heterozygote.">Molecular characterization of loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 and identification of a compound heterozygote.</a> American Journal of Human Genetics. 79 (3), 514-523 (2006).</li></ol>

Eksperimentell fremgangsmåtene ovenfor presentere en metode for å overvinne den egentlig lav aktiviteten av enkelt-omsetning protease PCSK9 og evaluere proteolytisk funksjonen på en robust måte. Nøkkelen begrepet analysen avhengig konvertere en enkelt Omsettning hendelse i en enzymatisk forsterket avlesning. Styrkene til analysen er relativt kort tidsramme og brukervennlighet av luciferase reporter, samt dens skalerbarhet til høy gjennomstrømming tilnærminger. I tillegg evaluerer analysen proteolyse i sin innfød...

PCSK9 mål LDL reseptoren (LDL-R) til fornedrelse, heve LDL kolesterol (LDL-C) og kjører aterosklerotisk hjerte sykdom1,2. Therapeutics målretting PCSK9 robustly senke LDL-C og forbedre hjerte resultater for pasienter, selv når lagt til en aggressiv lipidsenkende terapi med statiner3,4. Allerede er godkjent terapier imidlertid begrenset til antistoff-baserte tilnærminger, og lider av mangel på kostnadseffektivitet5,6. For å løse dette problemet, kreves det mindre kostnadskrevende terapeutiske alternativer, en måte å identifisere pasienter vil få større fordeler, eller begge.
Små molekyl tilnærminger kan målrette intracellulær PCSK9, gi en bedre rute med administrasjonen og redusere kostnadene, gjør dem "Hellige Grail" i denne område7. PCSK9 har imidlertid vist seg vanskelig stoffet av små molekyler. Som en protease er målretting PCSK9's proteolytisk funksjonen en attraktiv strategi, som selv-proteolyse er hastighetsbegrensningen skritt PCSK9 modning8 og er nødvendig for sin maksimal effekt på LDL-R9. Hittil har imidlertid denne strategien har ikke vært vellykket, sannsynligvis på grunn av PCSK9's unike biokjemi: PCSK9 innstiftet bare seg10, utføre en enkelt Omsettning reaksjon, og etter selv-cleavage, PCSK9 prodomain forblir bundet på det aktive området som en Auto-hemmer11, forebygge avlesning av ytterligere protease aktiviteter.
Denne artikkelen presenterer en metode for å vurdere PCSK9 proteolytisk funksjon i høy gjennomstrømming mote8. Gjennom nettstedet-rettet mutagenese, kan etterforskere bruke denne analysen for å undersøke virkningene av koding SNPs i klinikken for å vurdere dem for effekter på proteolyse, det hastighetsbegrensning trinnet i PCSK9 modning. I tillegg, vil denne metoden være nyttig i utformingen av høy gjennomstrømming skjermer å identifisere modulatorer av PCSK9 proteolyse, som er forventet å til slutt forstyrre presentasjon av PCSK9 til LDL-R (og modulere PCSK9's hypercholesterolemic effekt) . Til slutt kan denne protokollen tilpasses andre proteaser med egentlig lav aktivitet, forutsatt at i) en bestemt substrat-protease par finner og ii) et egnet intracellulær anker kan opprettes av underlaget.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR Tubes</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1402-2900</td>
			<td>For PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Q5 Hot Start</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>M0493L</td>
			<td>High-fidelity DNA Polymerase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deoxynucleotide Solution Mix</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>N0447L</td>
			<td>dNTPs (for PCR)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pPCSK9-NLucProteaseAssay-WT</td>
			<td>Authors</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Available from authors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pPCSK9-NLucProteaseAssay-S386A</td>
			<td>Authors</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Available from authors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose LE</td>
			<td>Gold Biotechnology</td>
			<td>A-201-100</td>
			<td>For DNA gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E-Gel Imager System with Blue Light Base</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4466612</td>
			<td>For imaging DNA gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYBR Safe DNA Gel Stain</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S33102</td>
			<td>For DNA gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tris Base</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP152-1</td>
			<td>For DNA gel running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glacial acetic acid</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A38-500</td>
			<td>For DNA gel running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>3690</td>
			<td>EDTA, for DNA gel running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 kb DNA ladder</td>
			<td>Gold Biotechnology</td>
			<td>D010</td>
			<td>DNA ladder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DpnI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0176S</td>
			<td>Restriction enzyme</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB Agar plates with 100 &#181;g/mL carbenicillin</td>
			<td>Teknova</td>
			<td>L1010</td>
			<td>LB-Carb plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>One Shot Mach1 T Phage-Resistent Chemically Competent E. coli</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C862003</td>
			<td>Chemically competent cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB Broth, Miller</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1426-2</td>
			<td>LB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbenicillin</td>
			<td>Gold Biotechnology</td>
			<td>C-103-5</td>
			<td>Selective antibiotic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E.Z.N.A. Plasmid Mini Kit I</td>
			<td>Omega BioTek</td>
			<td>D6942-02</td>
			<td>DNA Purification Miniprep kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NanoDrop 2000 Spectrophotomer</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>ND-2000C</td>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>293T Cells</td>
			<td>American Tissue Culture Collection (ATCC)</td>
			<td>CRL-3216</td>
			<td>HEK 293T cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM, high glucose, pyruvate</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11995065</td>
			<td>DMEM, mammalian cell media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Sera</td>
			<td>Axenia Biologix</td>
			<td>F001</td>
			<td>FBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypsin-EDTA (0.05%), phenol red</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25300062</td>
			<td>Trypsin, for cell dissociation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td>PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Countess automated cell counter</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C10227</td>
			<td>Automated cell counting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Countess cell counting chamber slides</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>C10228</td>
			<td>Slides for cell counting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CELLSTAR Tissue Culture Plates, White, White-Bottom, with Lid</td>
			<td>Grenier Bio-One</td>
			<td>655083</td>
			<td>White, white-bottom 96 well plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TempPlate non-skirted 96-well PCR plate, natural</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1402-9596</td>
			<td>96 well plate for master plasmid plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunc 2.0mL DeepWell Plates</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>278743</td>
			<td>96 well deep well plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipofectamine 3000</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>L3000008</td>
			<td>Lipid transfection reagent, Lf3K</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P3000 Reagent</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>L3000008</td>
			<td>DNA pre-complexation reagent, provided with Lf3K</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OptiMEM I Reduced Serum Medium</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>31985062</td>
			<td>Reduced serum medium for transfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(+)-Sodium L-ascorbate</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>A4034</td>
			<td>Sodium ascorbate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>S9888</td>
			<td>NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin, Bovine Serum, Fraction V, Low Heavy Metals</td>
			<td>Millipore Sigma</td>
			<td>12659</td>
			<td>BSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol (HPLC)</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A4524</td>
			<td>MeOH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>JT9535-2</td>
			<td>Concentrated HCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coelenterazine</td>
			<td>Gold Biotechnology</td>
			<td>CZ2.5</td>
			<td>Luciferase substrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Filter, Sterile</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>09-720-3</td>
			<td>Sterile filter, PVDF, 0.22 &#181;m pore</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet-Lite Multi Pipette L12-200XLS+</td>
			<td>Rainin</td>
			<td>17013810</td>
			<td>Multichannel pipette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet-Lite Multi Pipette L12-20XLS+</td>
			<td>Rainin</td>
			<td>17013808</td>
			<td>Multichannel pipette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipet-Lite Multi Pipette L12-10XLS+</td>
			<td>Rainin</td>
			<td>17013807</td>
			<td>Multichannel pipette</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reagent reservoir</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>4870</td>
			<td>Trough for reagents</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge tubes, 15 mL</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-539-12</td>
			<td>15 mL tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge tubes, 50 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430829</td>
			<td>50 mL tubes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spark Microplate Reader</td>
			<td>Tecan</td>
			<td>N/a</td>
			<td>Plate Reader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Excel</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td>2016 for Mac</td>
			<td>Spreadsheet software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prism</td>
			<td>GraphPad Software</td>
			<td>v7</td>
			<td>Scientific data analysis software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a high-throughput luciferase assay to evaluate proteolysis of the single-turnover protease pcsk9

Proprotein konvertasene subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) er en enkelt-omsetning protease som regulerer serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) nivåer og følgelig hjerte-og karsykdommer. Selv om PCSK9 proteolyse nødvendig for sin full hypercholesterolemic effekt, evalueringen av proteolytisk funksjonen er utfordrende: PCSK9 er bare kjent deler seg, gjennomgår bare en enkelt omsetning og etter proteolyse, beholder sin underlaget i det aktive området som en auto-hemmer. Metodene presenteres her beskriver en analyse som overvinner disse utfordringene. Analysen fokuserer på intermolekylære proteolyse i celle-baserte kontekst og lenker vellykket cleavage til utskilles luciferase aktiviteten, som kan være lett å lese i betinget medium. Via sekvensielle trinn mutagenese, forbigående transfection og en luciferase avlesning, analysen kan undersøke PCSK9 proteolyse under forhold med enten er genetisk eller molekylær forstyrrelsene på en høy gjennomstrømming måte. Dette systemet er godt egnet for både biokjemiske vurdering av klinisk oppdaget eks. missense enkelt-nukleotid polymorfismer (SNPer), så vel som for screening av små-molekylet hemmere av PCSK9 proteolyse.

Høy gjennomstrømming proteolyse analysen avhengig overvinne tre store utfordringer. Først, for å overvinne den egentlig lave produksjonen av en enkelt-omsetning PCSK9 protease, en PCSK9 protease mangler den hemmende prodomain brukes med cleavage sekvensen ved halen på den prodomain knyttet til en luciferase som kan utskilles14. Andre for å tilfredsstille behovet for protease å kaste med sin hemmende prodomain, de to polypeptides er coexpressed i trans</e...

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A High-Throughput Luciferase Assay to Evaluate Proteolysis of the Single-Turnover Protease PCSK9

En høy gjennomstrømming Luciferase analysen vurdere proteolyse av Single-omsetning Protease-PCSK9

Denne protokollen gir en metode for å vurdere proteolytiske av en egentlig lav aktivitet, enkelt omsetning protease i mobilnettet sammenheng. Denne metoden brukes spesielt for å evaluere proteolytiske av PCSK9, en nøkkelkomponent lipid stoffskifte som proteolytiske kreves for sin ultimate hypercholesterolemic funksjon.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a single-turnover protease which regulates serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and, ...

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