Name: producing gene deletions in escherichia coli by p1 transduction with excisable antibiotic resistance cassettes
Uploaded: 2018-09-01T15:00:00
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京王收集菌株来自国家 BioResource 项目 ( 日本 ) :大肠杆菌。我们感谢德克左翼 (奥斯陆大学生物科学系) 继续提供支持。这项工作由挪威青年研究员补助金 249793 (对杰克. 里奥) 的研究理事会资助。

1. 菌株和质粒
<ol><li>
菌株
	<ol>
<li>使用大肠杆菌菌株 BW251135, JW4179 (BW25113摩:: 菅直人)7, BL21 (DE3)20, BL21ΔABCF21。有关详细信息, 请参阅材料表。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
噬菌体
	<ol>
<li>使用噬菌体 P1vir的一般转导。将噬菌体储存在少量氯仿滴下的液体储存中 (见步骤 2.2)。有关...

<ol>
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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+generating+precise+deletions+and+insertions+in+the+genome+of+wild-type+Escherichia+coli:+application+to+open+reading+frame+characterization.">Methods for generating precise deletions and insertions in the genome of wild-type Escherichia coli: application to open reading frame characterization.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 179 (20), 6228-6237 (1997).</li><li>Sawitzke, J. A., Thomason, L. C., Costantino, N., Bubunenko, M., Datta, S., Court, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recombineering:+in+vivo+genetic+engineering+in+E.+coli,+S.+enterica,+and+beyond.">Recombineering: in vivo genetic engineering in E. coli, S. enterica, and beyond.</a> Methods in Enzymology. 421, 171-199 (2007).</li><li>Datsenko, K. A., Wanner, B. 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C., Datsenko, K., Wanner, B. L., Mori, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+applications+of+systematic+in-frame,+single-gene+knockout+mutant+collection+of+Escherichia+coli+K-12.">The applications of systematic in-frame, single-gene knockout mutant collection of Escherichia coli K-12.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 416, 183-194 (2008).</li><li>Chattopadhyay, M. K., Tabor, C. 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E., Naka, Y., Nagase, M., Mori, H., Kitakawa, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+genome-wide+approach+to+identify+the+genes+involved+in+biofilm+formation+in+E.+coli.">A genome-wide approach to identify the genes involved in biofilm formation in E. coli.</a> DNA Research. 14 (6), 237-246 (2008).</li><li>Heinz, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conserved+features+in+the+structure,+mechanism,+and+biogenesis+of+the+inverse+autotransporter+protein+family.">Conserved features in the structure, mechanism, and biogenesis of the inverse autotransporter protein family.</a> Genome Biology and Evolution. 8 (6), 1690-1705 (2016).</li><li>Selkrig, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+of+an+archetypal+protein+transport+system+in+bacterial+outer+membranes.">Discovery of an archetypal protein transport system in bacterial outer membranes.</a> Nature Structural &amp; Molecular Biology. 19 (5), 506-510 (2012).</li><li>Stubenrauch, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effective+assembly+of+fimbriae+in+Escherichia+coli+depends+on+the+translocation+assembly+module+nanomachine.">Effective assembly of fimbriae in Escherichia coli depends on the translocation assembly module nanomachine.</a> Nature Microbiology. 1 (7), 16064 (2016).</li><li>Leo, J. C., Goldman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immunoglobulin-binding+Eib+proteins+from+Escherichia+coli+are+receptors+for+IgG+Fc.">The immunoglobulin-binding Eib proteins from Escherichia coli are receptors for IgG Fc.</a> Molecular Immunology. 46 (8-9), 1860-1866 (2009).</li><li>M&#252;hlenkamp, M., Oberhettinger, P., Leo, J. C., Linke, D., Sch&#252;tz, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Yersinia+adhesin+A+(YadA)+-+Beauty+&amp;+beast.">Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) - Beauty &amp; beast.</a> International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 305 (2), 252-258 (2015).</li><li>Studier, F. W., Moffatt, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+bacteriophage+T7+RNA+polymerase+to+direct+selective+high-level+expression+of+cloned+genes.">Use of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase to direct selective high-level expression of cloned genes.</a> Journal of Molecular Biology. 189 (1), 113-130 (1986).</li><li>Meuskens, I., Michalik, M., Chauhan, N., Linke, D., Leo, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+strain+collection+for+improved+expression+of+outer+membrane+proteins.">A new strain collection for improved expression of outer membrane proteins.</a> Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 7, 464 (2017).</li><li>Cherepanov, P. P., Wackernagel, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+disruption+in+Escherichia+coli:+TcR+and+KmR+cassettes+with+the+option+of+Flp-catalyzed+excision+of+the+antibiotic-resistance+determinant.">Gene disruption in Escherichia coli: TcR and KmR cassettes with the option of Flp-catalyzed excision of the antibiotic-resistance determinant.</a> Gene. 158 (1), 9-14 (1995).</li><li>Grosskinsky, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+conserved+glycine+residue+of+trimeric+autotransporter+domains+plays+a+key+role+in+Yersinia+adhesin+A+autotransport.">A conserved glycine residue of trimeric autotransporter domains plays a key role in Yersinia adhesin A autotransport.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 189 (24), 9011-9019 (2007).</li><li>Leo, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+structure+of+E.+coli+IgG-binding+protein+D+suggests+a+general+model+for+bending+and+binding+in+trimeric+autotransporter+adhesins.">The structure of E. coli IgG-binding protein D suggests a general model for bending and binding in trimeric autotransporter adhesins.</a> Structure. 19 (7), 1021-1030 (1993).</li><li>Bertani, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studies+on+lysogenesis.+I.+The+mode+of+phage+liberation+by+lysogenic+Escherichia+coli.">Studies on lysogenesis. I. The mode of phage liberation by lysogenic Escherichia coli.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 62 (3), 293-300 (1951).</li><li>Hanahan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studies+on+transformation+of+Escherichia+coli+with+plasmids.">Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids.</a> Journal of Molecular Biology. 166 (4), 557-580 (1983).</li><li>Leo, J. C., Oberhettinger, P., Linke, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+the+outer+membrane+insertion+and+folding+of+multimeric+transmembrane+&#946;-barrel+proteins.">Assessing the outer membrane insertion and folding of multimeric transmembrane &#946;-barrel proteins.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. , 157-167 (2015).</li><li>Mikula, K. M., Leo, J. C., &#321;yskowski, A., Kedracka-Krok, S., Pirog, A., Goldman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+translocation+domain+in+trimeric+autotransporter+adhesins+is+necessary+and+sufficient+for+trimerization+and+autotransportation.">The translocation domain in trimeric autotransporter adhesins is necessary and sufficient for trimerization and autotransportation.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (4), 827-838 (2012).</li><li>Thomason, L. C., Costantino, N., Court, D. L., Ausubel, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=E.+coli+genome+manipulation+by+P1+transduction.">E. coli genome manipulation by P1 transduction.</a> Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. , (2007).</li><li>Franklin, N. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutation+in+gal+U+gene+of+E.+coli+blocks+phage+P1+infection.">Mutation in gal U gene of E. coli blocks phage P1 infection.</a> Virology. 38 (1), 189-191 (1969).</li><li>Jeong, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome+sequences+of+Escherichia+coli+B+strains+REL606+and+BL21(DE3).">Genome sequences of Escherichia coli B strains REL606 and BL21(DE3).</a> Journal of Molecular Biology. 394 (4), 644-652 (2009).</li><li>Greene, E. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA+Sequence+Alignment+during+Homologous+Recombination.">DNA Sequence Alignment during Homologous Recombination.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 291 (22), 11572-11580 (2016).</li><li>Watt, V. M., Ingles, C. J., Urdea, M. S., Rutter, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Homology+requirements+for+recombination+in+Escherichia+coli.">Homology requirements for recombination in Escherichia coli.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 82 (14), 4768-4772 (1985).</li><li>Ho, T. D., Waldor, M. 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Molecular origin of the fragments.</a> Journal of Molecular Biology. 14 (1), 85-109 (1965).</li><li>Murooka, Y., Harada, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expansion+of+the+host+range+of+coliphage+P1+and+gene+transfer+from+enteric+bacteria+to+other+Gam-negative+bacteria.">Expansion of the host range of coliphage P1 and gene transfer from enteric bacteria to other Gam-negative bacteria.</a> Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 38 (4), 754-757 (1979).</li><li>Goldberg, R. B., Bender, R. A., Streicher, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+selection+for+P1-sensitive+mutants+of+enteric+bacteria.">Direct selection for P1-sensitive mutants of enteric bacteria.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 118 (3), 810-814 (1974).</li><li>O'Connor, K. A., Zusman, D. 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P1 转导是一种快速、稳健、可靠的方法, 可在大肠杆菌中产生基因缺失。这在这里展示了传感一个摩中的删除突变从一个王庆会捐献者的应变 BL21-derived 接受。转导过程的主要阶段是传感裂解液的产生、转导本身、菅直人抗性盒的切除以及 PCR 的验证。总的来说, 这个过程需要大约1周的时间, 不需要使用分子生物学方法, 除了最终的 PCR 进行验证。因此, P1 转导可以在花费的努力和时间?...

研究基因功能的一个共同的第一种方法是执行敲出诱变和观察结果表型。这也被称为反向遗传学。细菌大肠杆菌一直是分子生物学的主力, 在过去的70年左右, 由于它的培养和它的顺从的遗传操作1。在大肠杆菌中产生基因缺失的方法有好几种, 包括标记交换诱变2、3和最近的重组工程使用λ红色或 Rac ET 系统4,5,6。
在广泛使用的系统中, 单个基因的编码序列被一种抗生素耐药性盒取代, 以后可以从5、7号染色体中切除。编码序列被替换, 例如由卡那霉素 (菅直人) 抵抗卡带, 由 flippase (FLP) 识别目标 (首次登记) 站点在两边旁边。首次登记税的地点是由 recombinase FLP 认可的, 该处介导在首次登记税地点之间, 导致删除菅直人卡带的地点特定的重组。这样, 可以实现对给定基因编码序列的完全删除, 只留下大约100基对 (bp) 的最小疤痕序列 (图 1)。
就在十年前, 所谓的京王收藏被开发出来了。这是一个基于标准实验室大肠杆菌K12 菌株的细菌库, 几乎所有非必需基因都被λ红色重组7,8单独删除。此集合中的克隆每个都有一个编码序列, 替换为可抽税的坎电阻盒。在许多应用中, 京王系列已被证明是一个有用的工具9。其中一个应用是在其他大肠杆菌菌株中产生删除突变体。从一个给定的删除克隆的菅直人可以动员一般传感噬菌体, 如 P110,11,12,13,14。从这种菌株中制备的噬菌体可以用来感染受体大肠杆菌, 在低但可靠的频率下, 可以通过同源重组将菅直人盒包含的区域纳入受体基因组。(图 2)。Transductants 可以选择在含菅直人的培养基上生长。在此之后, 如果需要去除抗生素耐药性盒, FLP recombinase 可以提供给 transductant 菌株的反式。对含有氨苄西林 (amp) 抗性标记物的 FLP 质粒进行了筛选, 对其进行了筛查, 并对野型编码序列和菅直人盒的正确切除进行了菌落 PCR 验证。
在这里, 提出了一个详细的协议, 描述了根据上述战略生产出的大肠杆菌菌株的每一个步骤。作为一个例子, 一个删除的摩的基因是证明。多摩编码的外层膜β-桶蛋白是运输和组装模块 (TAM) 的一部分, 涉及某些 autotransporter 蛋白的合成和毛菌15,16,17。然后用这个敲出的菌株来考察多摩的删除对两个三联 autotransporter adhesins (TAAs)、合成耶尔森氏杆菌和大肠杆菌免疫球蛋白 (Ig) 结合黏附 TAA的影响。18,19。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Strains</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli BW25113</td>
			<td>NIG</td>
			<td>ME6092</td>
			<td>Wild-type strain of Keio collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli BL21(DE3)</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>69450-3</td>
			<td>Expression strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli BL21DABCF</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>102270</td>
			<td>Derived from BL21(DE3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli JW4179</td>
			<td>NIG</td>
			<td>JW4179-KC</td>
			<td>tamA deletion mutant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P1 vir</td>
			<td>NIG</td>
			<td>HR16</td>
			<td>Generally transducing bacteriophage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmids</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pCP20</td>
			<td>CGSC</td>
			<td>14177</td>
			<td>conditionally replicating plasmid with FLP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pASK-IBA2</td>
			<td>IBA GmbH</td>
			<td>2-1301-000</td>
			<td>expression vector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pEibD10</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>for production of EibD; plasmid available on request</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pET22b+</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>69744-3</td>
			<td>expression vector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pIBA2-YadA</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>for production of YadA; plasmid available on request</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chemicals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>33209</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar</td>
			<td>BD Bacto</td>
			<td>214010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>50004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ampicillin</td>
			<td>Applichem</td>
			<td>A0839</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anhydrotetracycline</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab145350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-collagen type I antibody COL-1</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C2456</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine collagen type I</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C9791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>102382</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>102445</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Di-sodium hydrogen phosphate</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>28029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA dye</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>S33102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA molecular size marker</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>N3232S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase I</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>DN25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dNTP mix</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>N0447</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ECL HRP substrate</td>
			<td>Advansta</td>
			<td>K-12045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>Applichem</td>
			<td>A2937</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>24388</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-2005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP</td>
			<td>Agrisera</td>
			<td>AS10668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>30487</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl thiogalactoside</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>43714</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kanamycin</td>
			<td>Applichem</td>
			<td>A1493</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lysozyme</td>
			<td>Applichem</td>
			<td>A4972</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium chloride</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>25108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manganese chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>221279</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-lauroyl sarcosine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L9150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Skim milk powder</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>70166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>27808</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tamA forward primer</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Sequence 5&#39;-GAAAAAAGGATATTCAGGAGAAAATGTG-3&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tamA reverse primer</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Sequence 5&#39;-TCATAATTCTGGCCCCAGACC-3&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Taq DNA polymerase</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>M0267</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tri-sodium citrate</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>106448</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tryptone</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>84610</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween20</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P1379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast extract</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>103753</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose gel electrophoresis chamber</td>
			<td>Hoefer</td>
			<td>SUB13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bead beater</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>FP120A-115</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CCD camera</td>
			<td>Kodak</td>
			<td>4000R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electroporation cuvettes</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>165-2089</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electroporation unit</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1652100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel imager</td>
			<td>Nippon Genetics</td>
			<td>GP-03LED</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubating shaker</td>
			<td>Infors HT</td>
			<td>Minitron</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>390-0482</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5415D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microwave oven</td>
			<td>Samsung</td>
			<td>CM1099A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR machine</td>
			<td>Biometra</td>
			<td>Tpersonal</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR strips</td>
			<td>Axygen</td>
			<td>PCR-0208-CP-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH meter</td>
			<td>Hanna Instruments</td>
			<td>HI2211-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVDF membrane</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>88518</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SDS-PAG electrophoresis chamber</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>A25977</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tabletop centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>B06322</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex mixer</td>
			<td>Scientific Industries</td>
			<td>SI-0236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath</td>
			<td>GFL</td>
			<td>D3006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wet transfer unit</td>
			<td>Hoefer</td>
			<td>TE22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

producing gene deletions in escherichia coli by p1 transduction with excisable antibiotic resistance cassettes

第一种研究未知基因在细菌中的作用的方法是创建一个基因的敲除。在这里, 我们描述了一个健壮和快速的协议, 将基因缺失突变从一个大肠杆菌的菌株转移到另一个, 利用广义转导与噬菌体 P1。这种方法要求突变是可选择的 (例如,基于基因中断使用抗生素盒插入)。这种抗生素盒可以从捐献者的应变中调动出来, 并引入一个感兴趣的受体菌株, 迅速而容易地产生基因删除突变体。该抗生素盒可以设计为包括 flippase 识别网站, 允许通过特定地点的 recombinase 切除卡带, 以产生一个干净的敲出, 只有一个〜100基对长的疤痕序列在基因组。我们通过敲除 autotransporter 合成中涉及的一个装配因子的多摩基因来证明该协议, 并测试这一击出对两三联 autotransporter adhesins 合成和功能的影响。虽然 P1 转导基因的缺失有其局限性, 但其实施的简便性和速度使其成为其他基因缺失的一种有吸引力的替代方法。

多摩BL21ΔABCF 的产生:
上面概述的战略以前曾被用来生产 BL21 (DE3) 的衍生物菌株, 这是用于蛋白质生产的标准实验室菌株, 它被优化用于外膜蛋白生产, 并被称为 BL21ΔABCF21。这种菌株缺乏四基因编码的丰富的外膜蛋白, 因此, 能够产生更多的 heterologously 表达外膜蛋白比野生型菌株。为了测试 TAM 是否参与了 TA...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes at JoVE.com

Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes

可抽税抗生素耐药盒 P1 转导制备大肠杆菌中的基因缺失

在这里, 我们提出了使用预先存在的抗生素耐药性-盒式删除结构作为一个基础, 使删除突变体在其他大肠杆菌菌株。这种删除突变可以调动和插入到相应的受体菌株的位置使用 P1 噬菌体转导。

A first approach to study the function of an unknown gene in bacteria is to create a knock-out of this gene. Here, we describe a robust and fast protocol ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus

饲养并在隐藏甲壳虫双链RNA介导的基因敲除，<em&gt;白腹皮蠹</em

Advances in genomics have raised the possibility of probing biodiversity at an unprecedented scale. However, sequence alone will not be informative ...

科研

遗传学

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

QTL定位和CRISPR / Cas9编辑识别抗药性基因<em&gt;弓形虫</em

Scientific knowledge is intrinsically linked to available technologies and methods. This article will present two methods that allowed for the ...

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

用新的转介导法测定大肠杆菌中 DNA 元素的最佳染色体位置 (s)

The optimal chromosomal position(s) of a given DNA element was/were determined by transposon-mediated random insertion followed by fitness selection. In ...

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

CRISPR/Cas9 和 SsODN 在人细胞中催化点突变修复功能的标准方法研究

Combinatorial gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and single-stranded oligonucleotides is an effective strategy for the correction of single-base point ...

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning

无基因克隆的基因破坏的变形链球菌菌株的生成

Typical methods for the elucidation of the function of a particular gene involve comparative phenotypic analyses of the wild-type strain and a strain in ...

Measuring Gene Expression in Bombarded Barley Aleurone Layers with Increased Throughput

提高吞吐量的轰击大麦糊粉层层中基因表达的测定

The aleurone layer of barley grains is an important model system for hormone-regulated gene expression in plants. In aleurone cells, genes required for ...

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

多拷贝产质粒在抗生素耐药性演变中的作用试验

Multicopy plasmids are extremely abundant in prokaryotes but their role in bacterial evolution remains poorly understood. We recently showed that the ...

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

应用多重基因分型和质谱法进行临床队列研究的候选基因检测

Complex diseases are often underpinned by multiple common genetic variants that contribute to disease susceptibility. Here, we describe a cost-effective ...

CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-mediated Precise Gene Editing by Tube Electroporation

CRISPR/Cas9 核糖核酸蛋白介导的精确基因编辑通过管电穿孔

Gene editing nucleases, represented by CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), are becoming mainstream tools in biomedical research. Successful delivery of ...

Quantification of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in an Experimental Evolution Approach

实验进化方法中疟原虫介导抗生素耐药性的定量化

Plasmids play a major role in microbial ecology and evolution as vehicles of lateral gene transfer and reservoirs of accessory gene functions in microbial ...