Name: producing gene deletions in escherichia coli by p1 transduction with excisable antibiotic resistance cassettes
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慶應コレクション系統は、ナショナルバイオ リソース プロジェクト (遺伝研, 日本) から得られた:エシェリヒア属大腸菌。彼の継続サポートありがとうダーク リンケ (バイオ サイエンス学科、オスロ大学)。この作品は、ノルウェー若手研究者グラント 249793 (ジャック C. レオ) に研究評議会によって賄われていた。

1 系統とプラスミド
<ol><li>
細菌の緊張
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<li>大腸菌株 BW251135JW4179 (BW25113 tamA::kan)7、BL21(DE3)20、および BL21ΔABCF21を使用します。詳細については、材料の表を参照してください。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
バクテリオファージ
	<ol>
<li>一般的な伝達にバクテリオファージ P1vir</...

<ol>
	<li>Blount, Z. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+unexhausted+potential+of+E.+coli.">The unexhausted potential of E. coli.</a> eLife. 4, e05826 (2015).</li><li>Hamilton, C. M., Aldea, M., Washburn, B. K., Babitzke, P., Kushner, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+method+for+generating+deletions+and+gene+replacements+in+Escherichia+coli.">New method for generating deletions and gene replacements in Escherichia coli.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 171 (9), 4617-4622 (1989).</li><li>Link, A. J., Phillips, D., Church, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+generating+precise+deletions+and+insertions+in+the+genome+of+wild-type+Escherichia+coli:+application+to+open+reading+frame+characterization.">Methods for generating precise deletions and insertions in the genome of wild-type Escherichia coli: application to open reading frame characterization.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 179 (20), 6228-6237 (1997).</li><li>Sawitzke, J. A., Thomason, L. C., Costantino, N., Bubunenko, M., Datta, S., Court, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recombineering:+in+vivo+genetic+engineering+in+E.+coli,+S.+enterica,+and+beyond.">Recombineering: in vivo genetic engineering in E. coli, S. enterica, and beyond.</a> Methods in Enzymology. 421, 171-199 (2007).</li><li>Datsenko, K. A., Wanner, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=One-step+inactivation+of+chromosomal+genes+in+Escherichia+coli+K-12+using+PCR+products.">One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 97 (12), 6640-6645 (2000).</li><li>Muyrers, J. P., Zhang, Y., Stewart, A. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Techniques:+Recombinogenic+engineering--new+options+for+cloning+and+manipulating+DNA.">Techniques: Recombinogenic engineering--new options for cloning and manipulating DNA.</a> Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 26 (5), 325-331 (2001).</li><li>Baba, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+of+Escherichia+coli+K-12+in-frame,+single-gene+knockout+mutants:+the+Keio+collection.">Construction of Escherichia coli K-12 in-frame, single-gene knockout mutants: the Keio collection.</a> Molecular Systems Biology. 2, (2006).</li><li>Yamamoto, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Update+on+the+Keio+collection+of+Escherichia+coli+single-gene+deletion+mutants.">Update on the Keio collection of Escherichia coli single-gene deletion mutants.</a> Molecular Systems Biology. 5, 335 (2009).</li><li>Baba, T., Huan, H. -. C., Datsenko, K., Wanner, B. L., Mori, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+applications+of+systematic+in-frame,+single-gene+knockout+mutant+collection+of+Escherichia+coli+K-12.">The applications of systematic in-frame, single-gene knockout mutant collection of Escherichia coli K-12.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. 416, 183-194 (2008).</li><li>Chattopadhyay, M. K., Tabor, C. 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E., Naka, Y., Nagase, M., Mori, H., Kitakawa, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+genome-wide+approach+to+identify+the+genes+involved+in+biofilm+formation+in+E.+coli.">A genome-wide approach to identify the genes involved in biofilm formation in E. coli.</a> DNA Research. 14 (6), 237-246 (2008).</li><li>Heinz, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conserved+features+in+the+structure,+mechanism,+and+biogenesis+of+the+inverse+autotransporter+protein+family.">Conserved features in the structure, mechanism, and biogenesis of the inverse autotransporter protein family.</a> Genome Biology and Evolution. 8 (6), 1690-1705 (2016).</li><li>Selkrig, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Discovery+of+an+archetypal+protein+transport+system+in+bacterial+outer+membranes.">Discovery of an archetypal protein transport system in bacterial outer membranes.</a> Nature Structural &amp; Molecular Biology. 19 (5), 506-510 (2012).</li><li>Stubenrauch, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effective+assembly+of+fimbriae+in+Escherichia+coli+depends+on+the+translocation+assembly+module+nanomachine.">Effective assembly of fimbriae in Escherichia coli depends on the translocation assembly module nanomachine.</a> Nature Microbiology. 1 (7), 16064 (2016).</li><li>Leo, J. C., Goldman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immunoglobulin-binding+Eib+proteins+from+Escherichia+coli+are+receptors+for+IgG+Fc.">The immunoglobulin-binding Eib proteins from Escherichia coli are receptors for IgG Fc.</a> Molecular Immunology. 46 (8-9), 1860-1866 (2009).</li><li>M&#252;hlenkamp, M., Oberhettinger, P., Leo, J. C., Linke, D., Sch&#252;tz, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Yersinia+adhesin+A+(YadA)+-+Beauty+&amp;+beast.">Yersinia adhesin A (YadA) - Beauty &amp; beast.</a> International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 305 (2), 252-258 (2015).</li><li>Studier, F. W., Moffatt, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+bacteriophage+T7+RNA+polymerase+to+direct+selective+high-level+expression+of+cloned+genes.">Use of bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase to direct selective high-level expression of cloned genes.</a> Journal of Molecular Biology. 189 (1), 113-130 (1986).</li><li>Meuskens, I., Michalik, M., Chauhan, N., Linke, D., Leo, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+strain+collection+for+improved+expression+of+outer+membrane+proteins.">A new strain collection for improved expression of outer membrane proteins.</a> Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology. 7, 464 (2017).</li><li>Cherepanov, P. P., Wackernagel, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gene+disruption+in+Escherichia+coli:+TcR+and+KmR+cassettes+with+the+option+of+Flp-catalyzed+excision+of+the+antibiotic-resistance+determinant.">Gene disruption in Escherichia coli: TcR and KmR cassettes with the option of Flp-catalyzed excision of the antibiotic-resistance determinant.</a> Gene. 158 (1), 9-14 (1995).</li><li>Grosskinsky, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+conserved+glycine+residue+of+trimeric+autotransporter+domains+plays+a+key+role+in+Yersinia+adhesin+A+autotransport.">A conserved glycine residue of trimeric autotransporter domains plays a key role in Yersinia adhesin A autotransport.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 189 (24), 9011-9019 (2007).</li><li>Leo, J. 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The mode of phage liberation by lysogenic Escherichia coli.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 62 (3), 293-300 (1951).</li><li>Hanahan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studies+on+transformation+of+Escherichia+coli+with+plasmids.">Studies on transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmids.</a> Journal of Molecular Biology. 166 (4), 557-580 (1983).</li><li>Leo, J. C., Oberhettinger, P., Linke, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+the+outer+membrane+insertion+and+folding+of+multimeric+transmembrane+&#946;-barrel+proteins.">Assessing the outer membrane insertion and folding of multimeric transmembrane &#946;-barrel proteins.</a> Methods in Molecular Biology. , 157-167 (2015).</li><li>Mikula, K. M., Leo, J. C., &#321;yskowski, A., Kedracka-Krok, S., Pirog, A., Goldman, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+translocation+domain+in+trimeric+autotransporter+adhesins+is+necessary+and+sufficient+for+trimerization+and+autotransportation.">The translocation domain in trimeric autotransporter adhesins is necessary and sufficient for trimerization and autotransportation.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 194 (4), 827-838 (2012).</li><li>Thomason, L. C., Costantino, N., Court, D. L., Ausubel, F. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=E.+coli+genome+manipulation+by+P1+transduction.">E. coli genome manipulation by P1 transduction.</a> Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. , (2007).</li><li>Franklin, N. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mutation+in+gal+U+gene+of+E.+coli+blocks+phage+P1+infection.">Mutation in gal U gene of E. coli blocks phage P1 infection.</a> Virology. 38 (1), 189-191 (1969).</li><li>Jeong, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome+sequences+of+Escherichia+coli+B+strains+REL606+and+BL21(DE3).">Genome sequences of Escherichia coli B strains REL606 and BL21(DE3).</a> Journal of Molecular Biology. 394 (4), 644-652 (2009).</li><li>Greene, E. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA+Sequence+Alignment+during+Homologous+Recombination.">DNA Sequence Alignment during Homologous Recombination.</a> Journal of Biological Chemistry. 291 (22), 11572-11580 (2016).</li><li>Watt, V. M., Ingles, C. J., Urdea, M. S., Rutter, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Homology+requirements+for+recombination+in+Escherichia+coli.">Homology requirements for recombination in Escherichia coli.</a> Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 82 (14), 4768-4772 (1985).</li><li>Ho, T. D., Waldor, M. 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Molecular origin of the fragments.</a> Journal of Molecular Biology. 14 (1), 85-109 (1965).</li><li>Murooka, Y., Harada, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expansion+of+the+host+range+of+coliphage+P1+and+gene+transfer+from+enteric+bacteria+to+other+Gam-negative+bacteria.">Expansion of the host range of coliphage P1 and gene transfer from enteric bacteria to other Gam-negative bacteria.</a> Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 38 (4), 754-757 (1979).</li><li>Goldberg, R. B., Bender, R. A., Streicher, S. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+selection+for+P1-sensitive+mutants+of+enteric+bacteria.">Direct selection for P1-sensitive mutants of enteric bacteria.</a> Journal of Bacteriology. 118 (3), 810-814 (1974).</li><li>O'Connor, K. A., Zusman, D. 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P1 伝達は、エシェリヒア属大腸菌の遺伝子の削除を生成するための高速、堅牢で、信頼性の高い方法です。BL21 由来の受信者に慶應義塾ドナーひずみから多摩失変異を伝達でここでこれを示します。伝達プロセスの主要な段階は、ライセートの生産、伝達自体、菅抵抗カセットの切除および PCR によるノック アウトの検証です。合計では、プロセスは約 1 週間ほどかかります、?...

遺伝子の機能を検討する共通の最初のアプローチは、ノックアウト変異を実行し、結果の表現型を観察することです。これはまた逆遺伝学と呼ばれます。最後の 70 年間またはそう、その培養と遺伝子操作1こうして容易なため細菌エシェリヒア属大腸菌分子生物学の主力となっています。エシェリヒア属大腸菌、マーカー交換変異2,3と、最近では、λ 赤または Rac ET システム4,5を使用してジーンを含む遺伝子の削除を生成するいくつかの方法が開発されています。,6。
広く使われているシステムでは、個々 の遺伝子のコード配列が染色体5,7から後で摘出することができます抗生物質耐性カセットに置き換えられます。いずれかの側に flippase (FLP) 認識対象 (FRT) サイトが並ぶされているカナマイシン (菅) 抵抗カセットによって例えばコーディング シーケンスが置き換えられます。FRT サイトは菅カセットの削除につながる FRT サイト間の部位特異的組換えを媒介する FLP リコンビナーゼによって認識されます。この方法で、約 100 塩基対 (bp) (図 1) のシーケンスでのみ最小限の傷跡を残して、ある特定の遺伝子のコーディング シーケンスの完全な削除を実現できます。
わずか 10 年前、いわゆる慶應義塾コレクションが開発されました。ほぼすべての非本質的な遺伝子が λ 赤組換え7,8によって削除された個別に標準検査大腸菌K12 株に基づく細菌ライブラリです。このコレクションの各内のクローンは、物品税課税対象の菅抵抗カセットに置き換えられます 1 つのコーディング シーケンスを持っています。慶應コレクションは、多くのアプリケーション9便利なツールを証明しています。そのようなアプリケーションは、他の大腸菌の欠失変異株の生産です。特定削除クローンから菅カセットは、バクテリオファージ P110、11,12,13,14などを一般に伝達によって動員することができます。そのようなストレスから調製したファージ株式使用できます受信者、関心の大腸菌に感染する、低いが信頼性の高い周波数菅でカセットを含む地域に組み込むことが受信者のゲノムの相同組み換えによる(図 2)。菅含有培地で成長形質を選択できます。この後、抗生物質耐性カセットの除去が必要な場合、FLP リコンビナーゼはトランスで transductant 株に指定できます。抵抗、アンピシリン (Amp) のマーカーを運ぶ、FLP を含むプラスミドを硬化後、菅とアンプに敏感なクローンを上映するほか、正しい切除野生型のコーディング シーケンスと菅カセットはコロニー PCR によって確認されます。
ここでは、ノックアウト上記戦略に基づく大腸菌の菌株の生産のステップのそれぞれを記述する詳細なプロトコルが表示されます。例として、多摩遺伝子の削除が示されています。多摩は、アセンブリ モジュール (TAM)、特定の細胞蛋白質と線毛15,16,17の生合成に関与する輸送の一部である外膜 β バレル型タンパク質をエンコードします。このノックアウトのひずみを 2 つの三量体細胞アドヘシン (TAAs)、エルシニア双球菌矢田、エシェリヒア属大腸菌免疫グロブリン (Ig) の器官に多摩の削除の影響を調べる使用して-バインド TAA EibD18,19。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Strains</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli BW25113</td>
			<td>NIG</td>
			<td>ME6092</td>
			<td>Wild-type strain of Keio collection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli BL21(DE3)</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>69450-3</td>
			<td>Expression strain</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli BL21DABCF</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>102270</td>
			<td>Derived from BL21(DE3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>E. coli JW4179</td>
			<td>NIG</td>
			<td>JW4179-KC</td>
			<td>tamA deletion mutant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P1 vir</td>
			<td>NIG</td>
			<td>HR16</td>
			<td>Generally transducing bacteriophage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmids</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pCP20</td>
			<td>CGSC</td>
			<td>14177</td>
			<td>conditionally replicating plasmid with FLP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pASK-IBA2</td>
			<td>IBA GmbH</td>
			<td>2-1301-000</td>
			<td>expression vector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pEibD10</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>for production of EibD; plasmid available on request</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pET22b+</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>69744-3</td>
			<td>expression vector</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pIBA2-YadA</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>for production of YadA; plasmid available on request</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chemicals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>33209</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agar</td>
			<td>BD Bacto</td>
			<td>214010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>50004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ampicillin</td>
			<td>Applichem</td>
			<td>A0839</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anhydrotetracycline</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab145350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-collagen type I antibody COL-1</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C2456</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine collagen type I</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C9791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>102382</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloroform</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>102445</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Di-sodium hydrogen phosphate</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>28029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA dye</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>S33102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNA molecular size marker</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>N3232S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase I</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>DN25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>dNTP mix</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>N0447</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ECL HRP substrate</td>
			<td>Advansta</td>
			<td>K-12045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA</td>
			<td>Applichem</td>
			<td>A2937</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>24388</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-2005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti-rabbit IgG-HRP</td>
			<td>Agrisera</td>
			<td>AS10668</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>30487</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl thiogalactoside</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>43714</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kanamycin</td>
			<td>Applichem</td>
			<td>A1493</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lysozyme</td>
			<td>Applichem</td>
			<td>A4972</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium chloride</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>25108</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Manganese chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>221279</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-lauroyl sarcosine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L9150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Skim milk powder</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>70166</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>27808</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tamA forward primer</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Sequence 5&#39;-GAAAAAAGGATATTCAGGAGAAAATGTG-3&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tamA reverse primer</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Sequence 5&#39;-TCATAATTCTGGCCCCAGACC-3&#39;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Taq DNA polymerase</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>M0267</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tri-sodium citrate</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>106448</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tryptone</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>84610</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween20</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P1379</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Yeast extract</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>103753</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose gel electrophoresis chamber</td>
			<td>Hoefer</td>
			<td>SUB13</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bead beater</td>
			<td>Thermo</td>
			<td>FP120A-115</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CCD camera</td>
			<td>Kodak</td>
			<td>4000R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electroporation cuvettes</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>165-2089</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electroporation unit</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>1652100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel imager</td>
			<td>Nippon Genetics</td>
			<td>GP-03LED</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubating shaker</td>
			<td>Infors HT</td>
			<td>Minitron</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>390-0482</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>5415D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microwave oven</td>
			<td>Samsung</td>
			<td>CM1099A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR machine</td>
			<td>Biometra</td>
			<td>Tpersonal</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PCR strips</td>
			<td>Axygen</td>
			<td>PCR-0208-CP-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pH meter</td>
			<td>Hanna Instruments</td>
			<td>HI2211-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVDF membrane</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>88518</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SDS-PAG electrophoresis chamber</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>A25977</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tabletop centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>B06322</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vortex mixer</td>
			<td>Scientific Industries</td>
			<td>SI-0236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Water bath</td>
			<td>GFL</td>
			<td>D3006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wet transfer unit</td>
			<td>Hoefer</td>
			<td>TE22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

producing gene deletions in escherichia coli by p1 transduction with excisable antibiotic resistance cassettes

細菌の未知遺伝子の機能を勉強する最初のアプローチは、この遺伝子のノックアウトを作成することです。ここでは、バクテリオファージ P1 と一般化伝達を使用して別に 1 つのエシェリヒア属大腸菌の緊張から遺伝子欠失変異体を転送するための堅牢で高速なプロトコルについて述べる。このメソッドは、変異が選択可能な (例えば、抗生物質のカセット挿入を使用して遺伝子破壊に基づく) にする必要があります。このような抗生物質のカセット ドナーひずみから動員できる興味の受信者にすばやく導入し、遺伝子失変異を簡単に生成します。抗生物質のカセットは、ゲノムのシーケンスでのみ 〜 100 ベース ペア長い傷跡きれいなノックアウトを生成するサイト固有のリコンビナーゼによってカセットの切除ができる flippase の認識部位を含むように設計できます。プロトコルを示す細胞の生合成に関与するアセンブリ因子多摩遺伝子をノックアウトし、器官にこのノックアウトの効果と 2 つの三量体細胞アドヘシンの機能をテストします。P1 伝達によって遺伝子の欠失は、その制限があります、使いやすさとその実装の速度は、遺伝子欠失の他の方法に代わる。

BL21ΔABCF のノックアウトから多摩の生成:
上記の戦略は、BL21(DE3) で、外膜タンパク質の生産用に最適化され、BL21ΔABCF21と呼ばれるタンパク質の生産に使用される標準的な実験室ひずみのデリバティブ歪みを生成する以前使用されています。この株は、豊富な外膜蛋白質のために符号化する 4 つの遺伝?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes at JoVE.com

Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes

物品税課税対象の抗生物質耐性カセット P1 伝達による大腸菌の遺伝子の削除を生産

ここで他の大腸菌の欠失変異株を作るための基盤として、既存の抗生物質抵抗カセット削除構造の使用のためのプロトコルを提案する.このような欠失変異体を動員し、P1 ファージ伝達を使用して受信者負担の対応する軌跡に挿入することができます。

A first approach to study the function of an unknown gene in bacteria is to create a knock-out of this gene. Here, we describe a robust and fast protocol ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus

Rearing and Double-stranded RNA-mediated Gene Knockdown in the Hide Beetle, Dermestes maculatus

隠すビートルにノックダウン飼育し、二本鎖RNA媒介遺伝子、<em&gt; Dermestes maculatus</em

Advances in genomics have raised the possibility of probing biodiversity at an unprecedented scale. However, sequence alone will not be informative ...

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

QTL Mapping and CRISPR/Cas9 Editing to Identify a Drug Resistance Gene in Toxoplasma gondii

QTLマッピングとCRISPR / Cas9編集による薬剤耐性遺伝子同定<em&gt; Toxoplasma gondii</em

Scientific knowledge is intrinsically linked to available technologies and methods. This article will present two methods that allowed for the ...

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Location(s) for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

Determination of the Optimal Chromosomal Locations for a DNA Element in Escherichia coli Using a Novel Transposon-mediated Approach

新規トランスポゾンを介したアプローチを使用してエシェリヒア属大腸菌DNA 要素の最適な染色体の場所の決定

The optimal chromosomal position(s) of a given DNA element was/were determined by transposon-mediated random insertion followed by fitness selection. In ...

A Standard Methodology to Examine On-site Mutagenicity As a Function of Point Mutation Repair Catalyzed by CRISPR/Cas9 and SsODN in Human Cells

点突然変異修復 CRISPR/Cas9 とひと細胞での SsODN によって触媒の機能として敷地内変異原性を調べるための標準方法論

Combinatorial gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 and single-stranded oligonucleotides is an effective strategy for the correction of single-base point ...

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning

遺伝子破壊ミュータンス連鎖球菌緊張せず遺伝子クローニングの生成

Typical methods for the elucidation of the function of a particular gene involve comparative phenotypic analyses of the wild-type strain and a strain in ...

Measuring Gene Expression in Bombarded Barley Aleurone Layers with Increased Throughput

スループットを向上させると衝撃されたオオムギ糊粉層における遺伝子発現を測定

The aleurone layer of barley grains is an important model system for hormone-regulated gene expression in plants. In aleurone cells, genes required for ...

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

抗生物質耐性の進化のマルチコピー プラスミドのロールのテスト

Multicopy plasmids are extremely abundant in prokaryotes but their role in bacterial evolution remains poorly understood. We recently showed that the ...

Candidate Gene Testing in Clinical Cohort Studies with Multiplexed Genotyping and Mass Spectrometry

多重遺伝子型及び質量分析法と臨床コホート研究でテスト候補遺伝子

Complex diseases are often underpinned by multiple common genetic variants that contribute to disease susceptibility. Here, we describe a cost-effective ...

CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-mediated Precise Gene Editing by Tube Electroporation

CRISPR/Cas9リボヌクレオタンパク質媒介精密遺伝子編集チューブエレクトロポレーション

Gene editing nucleases, represented by CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), are becoming mainstream tools in biomedical research. Successful delivery of ...

Quantification of Plasmid-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance in an Experimental Evolution Approach

実験的進化論におけるプラスミド媒介抗生物質耐性の定量化

Plasmids play a major role in microbial ecology and evolution as vehicles of lateral gene transfer and reservoirs of accessory gene functions in microbial ...